咖啡因 — 标签 CAS 58-08-2
Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2), chemical product label
Caffeine, C8H10N4O2, CAS 58-08-2, InChIKey: RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 3D molecular model, MolGod.org

Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2)

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), CAS 58-08-2: molecular structure, identifiers and data, an interactive 3D view and a free ready-to-print 3D model on a display base. MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

Free, and generated automatically from the sources listed on this page. No person has reviewed it, and it describes the substance in general — not your material, your process or your intended market.

REACH 2020/878
v9 · 26.10.2026

第 9 部分 — 理化特性：已确定 11 项，共 22 项。

我们展示已确定的内容，并指明尚未确定的内容。每张卡片上的分类和标识信息都是完整的；公开数据较少的是第9部分。

Order the printed 3D model

Caffeine 3D colour model with an element symbol engraved on every atomPrinted 3D colour model€149.99Printed and shipped to you · 34–41 days in totalAdd to cart →Caffeine colour model with engraved atoms, for a personalised baseColour model with your own base€249.99Your text and logo · design approved by you · about one monthAdd to cart →

Price includes printing and international delivery; Poland: InPost, about 72 hours after printing. Details: colour model · personalised base.

仅限文档和 3D 打印模型

本页面提供与所列物质相关的文档。MolGod 不销售或供应该化学物质本身。

科学数据 · 采购方 · 合规

本页出售的是该物质的文件，而非物质本身。请选择您所需的级别。

  1. €0审核您现有的文件将您现有的该物质文件发给我们，我们会告诉您其中有哪些问题。每家公司限一次。如果文件没有问题，您无需购买任何东西。开始免费审核 →
  2. €49.99工作草案完整的十六部分文件，附参考文献，结账后可立即下载。在文书工作尚未定稿时的合适选择。
  3. €249.99签署版文件同一份文件经审核并签署，在收到完整资料后 72 小时内出具 — 以备官方询问由谁对其负责之时。

该物质可提供的文件： 安全数据表 · CLP 标签 · 分析证书（应要求提供） · 规格书。语言：您目标市场的官方语言，按每份文件单独制作。

此处不显示等级、纯度、物理形态、包装、最小起订量和交货期，因为 MolGod 不供应该物料 — 这些是关于卖方的信息，而本页没有卖方。它们会出现在我们为供应商搭建的店铺中，在那里有人能对其负责。

先查看成品文件完整价目表 →

您将收到的内容 — 以及这不是什么

您将收到的内容

  • 一份数字 PDF 安全数据表，采用 REACH 附件 II（法规 1907/2006）规定的十六部分结构。
  • 物质标识、危害分类、理化、毒理学和生态学信息以及法规参考。
  • 如该物质在 CLP 附件 VI 中有统一分类条目，则依据该条目核对分类。
  • 版本号、编制日期，以及每个附有来源的数值所依据的来源。
  • 通过电子邮件交付，不寄送任何实物。

这不是什么

  • 不是化学物质，不是样品，也不是任何实物商品。
  • 这不是认证。欧盟不存在针对安全数据表的官方认证制度。
  • 不构成法律批准，也不保证在任何司法管辖区合规。
  • 不能替代您自己的法规评估，也不能替代您实际持有物质的制造商或进口商提供的安全数据表。
  • 除非您提供相关信息，否则不针对特定工作场所、工艺或国家附录进行调整。

当现有证据不足以支持某一数值时，数据表会注明该数值未确定，而不是进行估算。没有记录来源的字段会被如实标注。

买方资料包包含哪些内容

您的合规专员会要求的一切，集中在一个文件中。

  • PDF 格式的产品页面 — 与发布内容一致的记录，确保您转发的内容与您阅读的内容相符。
  • 与您权限级别相应的安全数据表 — 按 REACH 附件 II 规定顺序排列的十六个部分，针对该物质，采用您选择的语言。
  • CLP 标签设计稿 — 与安全数据表基于同一分类生成，因此两者不可能互相矛盾。
  • 规格书，以及在有批次数据时提供的分析证书。
  • sources.txt — 每条引用均注明查阅日期。
  • 我们无法确定事项的明确清单 — 相关字段标注为“不可用”，而不是用估计值填充。这是文件中诚实的部分，我们不会把它藏在脚注里。

您的欧洲买方会把这些资料转发给没有参加通话的人。资料包的意义在于，让其转发的内容完整、不言自明且可追溯 — 而不是四个附件加一句以 “我想就这些了” 开头的话。

SKU: SDS-58-08-2 Category:
关于语言版本

这些选项用于切换本页面的语言。 Single substances. Mixtures on enquiry. One document, one language — additional languages are priced separately. Every version, including the Chinese one, is written to EU law — (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) Annex II and (EU) 2020/878 — and translated from it. The Chinese version is a reference translation, not a legally valid document for the Chinese market: an SDS for China must be compiled separately to GB/T 16483 and GB/T 17519.

🧬 3D分子可视化器
正在加载分子...
3D模型Caffeine，CAS 58-08-2，分子式C8H10N4O2, 摩尔质量 194.19 g/mol

模型视图

  • 咖啡因 (CAS 58-08-2) – 3D球棍模型, MolGod Viewer
    3D球棍模型
  • 咖啡因 (CAS 58-08-2) – 3D骨架模型, MolGod Viewer
    3D骨架模型
  • 3D空间填充模型 – 旋转动画
  • 咖啡因 (CAS 58-08-2) – 二维结构, MolGod Viewer
    二维结构

© 2026 MolGod.org。保留所有权利。 · 图片版权

数据转录自法规登记册和专业文献，并注明来源与版本。不能替代供应商的安全数据表。未记录来源的字段已作相应标注。

🖨️ 3D 打印模型与许可

该分子带底座的可直接打印模型：旋转、放大，查看刚打印完成和去除支撑后的样子。

Preview of the 6-colour print model — rotate it with your mouse or finger; see it as printed, finished, as the molecule alone, and where to cut it off the pencils

Loading the 3D model…

Drag to rotate; scroll or pinch to zoom. Each part is shown in the colour of its filament.

6 colours in one print, no paintingBambu Lab H2C, 0.4 mm nozzle, 0.16 mm layersabout 172 g of PLAabout 16 h 46 min of printing (slicer estimate)Slicer-tested, multicolour test print still to come

⬇️ Sliced for H2C (G-code 3MF) · 48 MB⬇️ Everything in one ZIP · 148 MBFull multicolour specification ↓

caffeine (CAS 58-08-2), C8H10N4O2 - 3D ball-and-stick molecular model, engraved element symbols (C H N O), MolGod STL preview下载图片

MG_751-125-824-41 · engraved · 305,524 △ · 15 MB · SHA-256 3eca6dd62995ddf8

下载 3D 模型 · ENGRAVED · C H N O

caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - 3D model ready to print on a display base, MolGod STL preview下载图片

MG_751-125-824-41 · ready to print · ANT HOUSE v7 · 450,102 △ · 21 MB · SHA-256 61bbb8ec736087db

Digital geometry validated. Slicer-tested with the stated profile. Physical print not yet tested.

打印尺寸单位为毫米：按 100 % 导入，请勿缩放。

3D 打印设置 · ANT HOUSE v7 — 数字几何已验证；已使用下方配置（PrusaSlicer 2.8.1 · ANT HOUSE profile v4 (in the 3MF)）对此文件进行切片检查；尚未进行实物打印。
文件molgod_caffeine_58-08-2_R3-ready-to-print_g2026-10-28_NO-SUPPORTS_add-supports-in-slicer.stl · ANT HOUSE v7
SHA-256 61bbb8ec736087dbfad3fb423807465294afff81c257254bf4b07e0728b97f0b
已于 2026-10-28 (UTC) 针对此 SHA-256 完成切片
就绪等级第 3 级（共 5 级）— 切片已验证 （1 已生成 · 2 几何已验证 · 3 切片已验证 · 4 已实物打印 · 5 打印合格）。 专为 FDM 打印设计。几何已验证，已使用指定配置检查切片。尚未进行实物打印。
方法FDM, PLA 1.75 mm
喷嘴0.4 mm（最小细节按此喷嘴设计；请勿使用更大的喷嘴）
层高0.2 mm
填充15%，外壳 3 圈
支撑是。11 根铅笔式支撑（Ø 3.5 / 5 mm，六边形，“笔芯”颈部 Ø 1.8 mm，原子下方带 45° 托杯，长 10.0–41.3 mm）是模型的一部分——请勿移除。另请启用切片软件的自动支撑：它们是临时的（在我们的测试中约占打印体积的 25.2 %）——在最小的球体（如氢原子）和细键附近请小心移除。 在您自己的切片软件中：使用有机（树状）支撑，并关闭“仅从打印板生成”（on build plate only）——每棵支撑树都从底座开始（Cura：Support Placement = Everywhere）。选择打印机后按 A（排列），让模型位于打印板中央。
温度3MF 配置：首层喷嘴 215 °C，之后 210 °C；热床 60 °C（起始值——请遵循耗材厂商的范围）；零件风扇从第 4 层开启。现成 G-code 使用打印机厂商配置中的温度和风扇设置（见软件包中的 gcode/README_GCODE.txt）。 现成 G-code（Prusa MK4、Prusa MINI、Creality Ender-3 S1）：首层喷嘴 210 °C，之后 205 °C；热床 60 °C——数值取自各文件头。
摆放方向按原样打印：底座平放在打印平台上（二维码面朝下）；请勿旋转
比例按 100 % 导入——文件单位为毫米；请勿缩放 （分子比例 1 Å = 10.60 mm）
整体尺寸100.0 × 100.0 × 84.1 mm (X × Y × Z)；底座 Ø 100 × 20 mm
已验证2026-10-28 (UTC)：此文件的几何检查
最小打印平台125 × 125 mm；高度 90 mm
预计打印时间约 9 h 52 min（PrusaSlicer 中的 3MF 配置；现成 G-code 的时间见上方）
耗材 (PLA)约 85–87 g（切片软件估算）

此模型的打印方式

caffeine（CAS 58-08-2）刚打印完成：橙色切片支撑，黄色铅笔支柱
刚打印完成：去除橙色的切片支撑，保留黄色铅笔支柱
caffeine（CAS 58-08-2）去除切片支撑后的成品模型
成品模型：白色分子立于黄色铅笔支柱上，带凸起的 MolGod 标志

渲染图 (PNG)：

caffeine（CAS 58-08-2）可直接打印的 3D 模型，正视图，由 MolGod STL 文件渲染
正视图
caffeine（CAS 58-08-2）可直接打印的 3D 模型，侧视图，由 MolGod STL 文件渲染
侧视图
caffeine（CAS 58-08-2）可直接打印的 3D 模型，四分之三视图，由 MolGod STL 文件渲染
四分之三视图
caffeine（CAS 58-08-2）可直接打印的 3D 模型，俯视图，由 MolGod STL 文件渲染
俯视图
caffeine（CAS 58-08-2）可直接打印的 3D 模型，底视图，由 MolGod STL 文件渲染
底视图

供打印服务商使用：
技术数据表（PDF：图纸、尺寸、打印规格） · 588 KB · SHA-256 4161deaafa039710…
打印资料包（ZIP：STL、含设置的 3MF、G-code、分步说明、附来源的设计说明、“需去除部分”示意图、预览图、切片配置、检查报告、质检清单、反馈表、许可证） · 55 MB · SHA-256 8ad0b62d8de8af97…

下载 3D 模型 · READY TO PRINT · 不含支撑的 STL · STL · 21 MB · base Ø 100 mm · single integrated solid

Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, front three-quarter view
Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR release r7 as printed: render with the slicer supports (orange) taken from the sliced G-code, all standing on the baseCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, top viewCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, side viewCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, low front viewCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, back viewCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, close-up of the scissor cup under an oxygen atomCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, close-up of the raised CAFFEINE / CAS 58-08-2 labelCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, close-up of the raised formula C8H10N4O2Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, bottom view with the engraved QR codeCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR: 30 render views from every side, top and bottom

Pictures above are renders of the print model, not photos (the second one shows release r7 as printed, with its supports). The multicolour version has not been printed yet; photos of our single-colour print are in the tab SEE PRINTED 3D MODELS.

  • For Bambu Lab H2C
  • 6 colours, one print
  • 0.4 mm nozzle · 0.16 mm layers
  • 988 filament changes
  • about 16 h 46 min
  • about 172 g of PLA

Made for one printer

This project is set up for the Bambu Lab H2C and is not a universal multicolour file. Using another multicolour printer? The ZIP contains the six STL files, one per colour, for manual material assignment. Slicing and validation for your printer are then up to you: we have not tested other printers.

What you get

The same caffeine molecule and pencil pillars as READY TO PRINT, in colour straight off the printer: atoms labelled with their element symbols, red pencils with gold sharpened wood, and a white base with the blue MolGod.org logo, the raised formula C8H10N4O2 and a raised CAFFEINE / CAS 58-08-2 label.

Atom colours follow the chemistry convention

Every atom carries its element symbol and is coloured according to the CPK convention used for molecular models in chemistry: carbon black, hydrogen white, nitrogen blue, oxygen red. The name CPK comes from the Corey–Pauling–Koltun space-filling models described below. Single bonds are white. A double bond to oxygen or nitrogen takes that atom's colour, red C=O and blue C=N, so the double bonds stand out; the C=C double bond stays white.

Where the name CPK comes from

Where the geometry comes from

Atom positions come from the 3D conformer of caffeine computed by PubChem (CID 2519) with the OMEGA conformer generator. It is a computed structure, not an experimental crystal structure. The MolGod engine (R3, recipe r3-1.3) scales it to 10.598 mm per ångström, orients it for printing and places it on the base with its own pencil supports.

Sources for the 3D structure

  • Hawkins, Paul C. D., A. Geoffrey Skillman, Gregory L. Warren, Benjamin A. Ellingson, and Matthew T. Stahl. 2010. "Conformer Generation with OMEGA: Algorithm and Validation Using High Quality Structures from the Protein Databank and Cambridge Structural Database." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 50 (4): 572–584. https://doi.org/10.1021/ci100031x

Which file do I need?

To print exactly what we checked, use the sliced 3MF: it carries our printer, filament and support settings and the G-code for the H2C. The project 3MF of release r7 is the same project without G-code and keeps all those settings, so you can adjust it and slice again. The ZIP adds the six STL files and the renders.

Print settings

Nozzle 0.4 mm on every nozzle, layer 0.16 mm, Bambu PLA Basic in six colours. Supports: regular, snug style, threshold 44°, with "remove small overhangs" switched off so the slicer also supports the tiny undersides of the hydrogen atoms; 3 support enforcers and a support blocker ring at the bottom edge of the base are part of the project. All supports stand on the base or on the model, none on the build plate. Bambu Studio assigns white to the first extruder and the other five colours to the second, which switches hotends; the G-code contains 988 filament changes. Bambu Studio estimates 16 h 46 min and 172 g; your printer and settings may differ.

Cutting the molecule off the pencils

The pencils hold the molecule during printing and can stay as a display stand. If you want the molecule on its own, each pencil ends in a small cone under the atom, the scissor cup, printed in the colour of that atom:

  1. Remove the slicer's tree supports first. The red pencils are part of the model and stay.
  2. Cut with flush cutters straight across the black graphite where it meets the cup. The cross-section there is about 2 mm.
  3. Cut one pencil at a time and do not twist or pull the molecule: the bonds are thin.
  4. The cut face stays in the colour of the atom. Smooth a small stub with fine sandpaper if you like.
Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, close-up of the scissor cup under an oxygen atom
Render: the scissor cup under an oxygen atom, in the atom's colour, at the tip of the pencil graphite. Not yet tried on a physical multicolour print.

Supports: what changed in r7

Release r6 used tree supports and left 10 tiny spots (0.6 to 1.4 mm²) on the outer surface unsupported, mostly under hydrogen atoms: every tree setting that reached them went down to the build plate. Release r7 uses straight snug supports, which grow down onto the base, and supports the undersides of all hydrogen atoms: 0 unsupported spots on the outer surface. Our detector still raises one flag (0.74 mm²), but it lies 1.2 mm inside a hydrogen atom: the bottom layer of the black letter laid on the white infill inside the ball, which needs no support. The price of r7: about 36 minutes and 10 g more than r6, and more support to remove between the pencils.

Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR release r7 as printed: render with the slicer supports (orange) taken from the sliced G-code, all standing on the base
Render of release r7 as printed: supports (orange) from the sliced G-code, all on the base.

Using it in class

The model can help pupils recognise atoms by colour and symbol, tell single from double bonds, compare the flat 2D formula on the base with the 3D shape, and see the two fused rings and three methyl groups of caffeine. We have not run classroom studies yet; teachers who try it are welcome to write to pure@molgod.org.

Filaments: six colours, one per nozzle (the 7th nozzle stays free)

  • Jade White 10100 · 96.5 gbase, hydrogen atoms, single bonds and the C=C bond, letters on C, N and O
  • Black 10101 · 17.5 gcarbon atoms, pencil graphite, letters on H, text and QR code on the underside
  • Blue 10601 · 15.2 gnitrogen atoms, C=N bonds, logo, CAFFEINE, CAS number, formula
  • Red 10200 · 22.6 goxygen atoms, C=O bonds, pencil bodies
  • Light Gray 10104 · 4.5 gmetal ferrules on the long pencils
  • Gold · 16.1 gsharpened wood and erasers

Downloads

Current multicolour release: r7 (1 November 2026), checked digitally and in the slicer; a physical multicolour test print is still pending. Release r6 stays available below. The pictures on this tab are renders.

Quality passport · release r7 · 1 November 2026

What we checked for this multicolour release, what the result was and what it is based on. A higher step is never assumed from a lower one.

  • PASSChemical identityCAS 58-08-2, C8H10N4O2, InChIKey RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N, PubChem CID 2519. The model has 24 atoms, matching the formula (8 C, 10 H, 4 N, 2 O), each with its element letter.
  • PASSGeometry and meshOne watertight solid, 434,520 triangles. Inside the solid, the colour parts match its volume (139,258 mm³) to within 0.000001 %; the published STL files add 574 mm³ more, mostly the filled lettering and QR code recessed in the underside of the base. 25 bonds (29 bond cylinders, the four double bonds are drawn double), 13 pencils.
  • PASSSlicer check (Bambu Studio 02.08.02.61, H2C)Sliced without errors; no supports on the build plate; 0 unsupported spots on the outer surface (r6: 10). The detector's single flag lies 1.2 mm inside a hydrogen atom (letter layer on infill); the depth check that separates the two was validated on the 10 r6 spots, all found on the surface. The project file re-sliced on its own gives the same result.
  • PASSReproducibility of the colour splitSplitting the same solid into colours again produced all 17 colour parts byte-for-byte identical (31 Oct 2026). A full rebuild from the recipe has not been tested yet. SHA-256 of each download is listed on its card above.
  • PENDINGPhysical multicolour printNot printed yet. The photos in SEE PRINTED 3D MODELS show the single-colour READY TO PRINT version, not this one.

Level 3 of 5 — Slicer Verified (1 Generated · 2 Geometry Validated · 3 Slicer Verified · 4 Physically Printed · 5 Print Qualified). Designed for FDM printing. Geometry validated and slicing checked using the specified profile. No physical print has been made yet.

Release r7: digital geometry checked; sliced and checked in Bambu Studio 02.08.02.61 on the Bambu Lab H2C profile. Physical multicolour print: pending.

Licence of this print model: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International (non-commercial) - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Caffeine molecule 3D printed on a Bambu Lab printer, side view: ball-and-stick model with element letters on a MolGod.org base (CAS 58-08-2, C8H10N4O2)
Caffeine molecule 3D printed on a Bambu Lab printer, side view: ball-and-stick model with element letters on a MolGod.org base (CAS 58-08-2, C8H10N4O2)
Top view of the 3D printed caffeine model: purine rings, three methyl groups and the engraved MolGod.org base with the formula C8H10N4O2
Top view of the 3D printed caffeine model: purine rings, three methyl groups and the engraved MolGod.org base with the formula C8H10N4O2
Close-up of the white 3D printed caffeine desk model (ball-and-stick, pencil pillars, labelled base), CAS 58-08-2
Close-up of the white 3D printed caffeine desk model (ball-and-stick, pencil pillars, labelled base), CAS 58-08-2

Real photos of our own print of this model, made from the ready-to-print release (r19) offered on this page: printed in one piece on a Bambu Lab 3D printer in single-colour white filament, pencil pillars left in place, unpainted.

Photographed on 30 October 2026. Printed it yourself? Send us a photo: pure@molgod.org.

caffeine (CAS 58-08-2), C8H10N4O2 - 3D ball-and-stick molecular model, MolGod STL preview下载图片

MG_751-125-824-41 · normal · 10,464 △ · 511 KB · SHA-256 9aa8d8a1e01adc89

下载 3D 模型

许可与来源 ↓

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📊 物理化学数据 — CAS 58-08-2
📊 物理化学性质

快速参考

化学式： C8H10N4O2
分子量： 194.19 g/mol
CAS号： 58-08-2
外观： 白色棱柱状晶体
气味： 无味
🔬 高级属性

化学标识符

SMILES: CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C

最后更新： 2026-09-02

化学概述: Caffeine
分子式C8H10N4O2[1]
分子量194.19 g/mol[1]
熔点235 °C[1][2][3]
沸点178 °C[1][3]
密度1.23 g/cm³[1][3]
LogP（亲脂性）-0.07[1][3]
pKa14[3]
IUPAC名称1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione[1]
SMILESCn1cnc2c1c(=O)n(c(=O)n2C)C[1]
InChIKeyRYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

同义词: Caffeine · 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine · Guaranine

数据来源： PubChem (NLM/NIH), Merck Index 15th ed. (2013)
最后更新： 2026-10-08

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (3 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: 分子式 · 分子量 · 熔点 · 沸点 · 密度 · LogP（亲脂性） · IUPAC名称 · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. NIST. Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗ applies to: 熔点
  3. O'Neil, M.J., ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 15th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013. applies to: 熔点 · 沸点 · 密度 · LogP（亲脂性） · pKa

科学研究

[1]PubMed2026
Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Marcus GM, Hu FB, van Dam RM et al.. (2026). "Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.". Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.00000000000014
查看完整研究 ↗
[2]PubMed2026
Intermittent hypoxia and caffeine in infants born preterm: the ICAF Randomized Clinical Trial.
Eichenwald E, Corwin M, McEntire B et al.. (2026). "Intermittent hypoxia and caffeine in infants born preterm: the ICAF Randomized Clinical Trial.". Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonata
查看完整研究 ↗
[3]PubMed2026
Prenatal caffeine exposure impairs neurodevelopment via glucocorticoid-driven epigenetic cascade suppressing astrocytic ABCG1 and cholesterol transport.
Dai G, Luo M, Dai S et al.. (2026). "Prenatal caffeine exposure impairs neurodevelopment via glucocorticoid-driven epigenetic cascade suppressing astrocytic ABCG1 and cholesterol transport.". Metaboli
查看完整研究 ↗
[4]PubMed2025
Caffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity,…
Deng H, Wang L, Liu P et al.. (2025). "Caffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physio
查看完整研究 ↗
[5]PubMed2025
Performance-enhancing effects of caffeine and L-Theanine among Iranian elite wrestlers: a focus on cognitive and specific physical performance.
Razazan R, Hemmatinafar M, Imanian B et al.. (2025). "Performance-enhancing effects of caffeine and L-Theanine among Iranian elite wrestlers: a focus on cognitive and specific physical performance.".
查看完整研究 ↗
[6]PubMed2025
High-dose L-theanine-caffeine combination improves neurobehavioural and neurophysiological measures of selective attention in acutely sleep-deprived young adults: a double-blind,…
Nawarathna GS, Ariyasinghe DI, Dassanayake TL. (2025). "High-dose L-theanine-caffeine combination improves neurobehavioural and neurophysiological measures of selective attention in acutely sleep-depr
查看完整研究 ↗
[7]PubMed2025
A Novel Approach Against Male Pattern Hair Loss With Topical Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt (DMG-Na) and Caffeine: Efficacy of…
Celleno L, Bussoletti C, Tolaini MV et al.. (2025). "A Novel Approach Against Male Pattern Hair Loss With Topical Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt (DMG-Na) and Caffeine: Efficacy of a 24-Week, Double-Blind
查看完整研究 ↗
[8]PubMed2025
Acute effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure.
Riaz I, Fayaz M, Zahid F et al.. (2025). "Acute effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure.". JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.20294
查看完整研究 ↗
📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） 8 refs · 1 baz

MOLECULE 按CAS号参考文献（实时来自13+数据库）

来源： db:pubmed (9)

  1. db:pubmed Marcus GM, Hu FB, van Dam RM et al.. (2026). "Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.". Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001454 →
  2. db:pubmed Eichenwald E, Corwin M, McEntire B et al.. (2026). "Intermittent hypoxia and caffeine in infants born preterm: the ICAF Randomized Clinical Trial.". Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2025-329230 →
  3. db:pubmed Dai G, Luo M, Dai S et al.. (2026). "Prenatal caffeine exposure impairs neurodevelopment via glucocorticoid-driven epigenetic cascade suppressing astrocytic ABCG1 and cholesterol transport.". Metabolism: clinical and experimental. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156454 →
  4. db:pubmed Deng H, Wang L, Liu P et al.. (2025). "Caffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological markers.". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2566371 →
  5. db:pubmed Razazan R, Hemmatinafar M, Imanian B et al.. (2025). "Performance-enhancing effects of caffeine and L-Theanine among Iranian elite wrestlers: a focus on cognitive and specific physical performance.". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2564238 →
  6. db:pubmed Nawarathna GS, Ariyasinghe DI, Dassanayake TL. (2025). "High-dose L-theanine-caffeine combination improves neurobehavioural and neurophysiological measures of selective attention in acutely sleep-deprived young adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.". The British journal of nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114525104169 →
  7. db:pubmed Riaz I, Fayaz M, Zahid F et al.. (2025). "Acute effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure.". JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.20294 →
  8. db:pubmed Xu Y, Zhang L, Wang P et al.. (2025). "Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy adults: The moderating role of caffeine consumption.". Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119092 →
物质监管状态
该物质受监管要求约束： 危险废物管理（BDO——波兰国家规定）. 详细信息请参见“法规状态（REACH/ECHA/CLP）”章节及安全数据表。 监管信息——不限制在本店购买。
🧮 化学计量计算器
🧪 化学数据
CAS号
58-08-2
分子式
C8H10N4O2
摩尔质量
194.19 g/mol
IUPAC名称 (EN)
1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
SMILES
Cn1cnc2c1c(=O)n(c(=O)n2C)C
InChIKey
RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Density
1.2300 g/cm³ @ 20°C

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-09-02

🔍 外部标识符
14 / 16个ID系统88%
数据库标识符操作
CAS Registry Number58-08-2打开 →
PubChem CID2519[1]打开 →
InChIKeyRYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]打开 →
InChIInChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(…[1]
SMILESCn1cnc2c1c(=O)n(c(=O)n2C)C[1]
EC Number200-362-1[2]打开 →
DrugBankDB00201打开 →
KEGG CompoundD00528打开 →
HMDBHMDB0001847打开 →
ChemSpider2424[3]打开 →
MeSH UID (NLM)D002110打开 →
UNII (FDA)3G6A5W338E打开 →
NSC Number (NCI)5036打开 →
WikiData QIDQ60235打开 →

来源：PubChem (NIH)、Wikidata SPARQL、KEGG、ChEMBL (EBI)、CompTox CTX (EPA)。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (3 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ applies to: EC Number
  3. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ applies to: ChemSpider

Further reading

Publications thematically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value shown on this card.

扩展参考文献 (10)

  1. ★★★★½ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 付费墙（可能） ✓ 已验证 Belay, A.; Ture, K.; Redi, M.; Asfaw, A.. 2008. "Measurement of caffeine in coffee beans with UV/Vis spectrometer." Food Chemistry. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-11-02]
  2. ★★★★☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 付费墙（可能） ✓ 已验证 Wikoff, D.; Welsh, B.T.; Henderson, R.; Brorby, G.P.; Britt, J. et al.. 2018. "Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults." Food and Chemical Toxicology. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-11-02]
  3. ★★★★☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 付费墙（可能） ✓ 已验证 Nehlig, A.. 2017. "Interindividual differences in caffeine metabolism and factors driving caffeine consumption." Pharmacological Reviews. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-11-02]
  4. ★★★★☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 付费墙（可能） ✓ 已验证 Cappelletti, S.; Piacentino, D.; Sani, G.; Aromatario, M.. 2010. "Caffeine: cognitive and physical performance enhancer or psychoactive drug?." Current Neuropharmacology. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-11-02]
  5. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Nuveen, Nicholas, Gittinger, Melissa H.. 2024. "All Amped Up and Nowhere to Go: Caffeine and Methylxanthine Overdose." Medical Toxicology: 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197635513.003.0020. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-11-02] CC0 (metadata)
  6. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Clarke, O.B., des Georges, A., Zalk, R., Marks, A.R., Hendrickson, W.A., Frank, J.. 2016. "Structure of rabbit RyR1 (Caffeine/ATP/EGTA dataset, all particles).". https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb5tap/pdbx. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-11-02] CC0 (metadata)
  7. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. 2013. "Putting It All Together." Caffeine for Sports Performance: 157-172. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781492595311.ch-010. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-11-02] CC0 (metadata)
  8. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Cronstein, Bruce N.. 2010. "Caffeine, a drug for all seasons." Journal of Hepatology 53 (1): 207-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2010.02.025. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-11-02] CC0 (metadata)
  9. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Raloff, J.. 1984. "Caffeine: The 'All Natural' Pesticide." Science News 126 (15): 229. https://doi.org/10.2307/3968991. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-11-02] CC0 (metadata)
  10. ½☆☆☆☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS ❓ ? Fredholm, B.B.; Bättig, K.; Holmén, J.; Nehlig, A.; Zvartau, E.E.. 1999. "Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use." Pharmacological Reviews. [访问日期: 2026-11-02]
📡 光谱学 — CAS 58-08-2
📊 光谱（NMR、IR、MS、UV-Vis） (1)

可用光谱类型： IR

红外光谱 (KBr, 4000-400 cm⁻¹)

440个数据点 · 来源： NIST WebBook · NIST ↗ · 📥 JCAMP-DX
🎓 谱图解析指南（供学生使用）
如何解读IR光谱
  • 3200-3600 cm⁻¹ — O-H 伸缩 (宽峰 = 氢键)
  • 2850-3000 cm⁻¹ — C-H 伸缩 (sp³)
  • 1650-1750 cm⁻¹ — C=O 伸缩 (酮、醛、酯)
  • 1400-1600 cm⁻¹ — 芳香环振动
  • 1000-1300 cm⁻¹ — C-O 伸缩 (醚、醇)
  • 无吸收=无官能团→与参考谱图比较

来源： LibreTexts ↗, Silverstein (Spectrometric ID) ↗

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (7 来源)
  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2024. "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69." Gaithersburg, MD: NIST. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  2. Spectral Database for Organic Structure Determination (SDBS). 2024. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  3. Ulrich, Eldon L., Hideo Akutsu, John F. Doreleijers, Yoko Harano, Yannis E. Ioannidis, Jundong Lin, Miron Livny, et al. 2008. "BioMagResBank." Nucleic Acids Research 36 (D1): D402–D408. [DOI ↗]
  4. Horai, Hisayuki, Masanori Arita, Shigehiko Kanaya, Yoshito Nihei, Tasuku Ikeda, Kazuhiro Suwa, Yuya Ojima, et al. 2010. "MassBank: A Public Repository for Sharing Mass Spectral Data for Life Sciences." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 45 (7): 703–714. [DOI ↗]
  5. Linstrom, P.J., and W.G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗
  6. McDonald, M. Shane, Mike McAvoy, and Ajit Bhalerao. 1988. "JCAMP-DX: A Standard Form for Exchange of Infrared Spectra in Computer Readable Form." Applied Spectroscopy 42 (1): 151–162. [DOI ↗]
  7. PubChem. 2024. "PubChem Compound Database." National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
结构性质

正在加载结构数据...

❓ 常见问题 (7)
What is Caffeine?
Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H10N4O2 and a molecular weight of 194.19 g/mol. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
有帮助吗？
What is the CAS number of Caffeine?
The CAS number for Caffeine is 58-08-2. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
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What is the chemical formula of Caffeine?
The molecular formula of Caffeine is C8H10N4O2. Its molecular weight is 194.19 g/mol.
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What is the melting point of Caffeine?
The melting point of Caffeine is 236.0974.
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What is the density of Caffeine?
The density of Caffeine is 1.23.
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Is Caffeine hazardous?
Caffeine has a harmonised EU classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI, index no. 613-086-00-5): H302. Read the safety data sheet before use and follow the handling precautions it states.
有帮助吗？
How should Caffeine be stored?
Caffeine should be stored as its safety data sheet directs — typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
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➕ 建议问题
下载结构文件

来自PubChem数据库（NIH）的分子结构文件。兼容Avogadro、PyMOL、Jmol和ChemDraw等程序。

来源：PubChem，美国国家医学图书馆（NIH）。 CID: 2519

🔄 浓度单位转换器 实时

输入Caffeine浓度（任意单位），其余将自动计算。

分子量： 194.19 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ 转换公式及引用（每个公式）
转换分子式准确度来源
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 参考文献（8个权威来源）
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811e2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
相似分子结构

正在加载相似结构...

🧪 溶液制备向导 WIZARD
① 选择浓度
② 目标体积
③ 溶剂

计算依据： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

计算化学

正在加载计算数据...

🔬 纯度检查指南 质量控制

使用标准化分析方法验证试剂纯度。选择下方的测试方法并输入您的测量结果，系统将自动计算。

🛡️ 安全 — CAS 58-08-2
数据限制说明。 本页安全信息仅供参考，不能替代完整的安全数据表（SDS）。使用产品前，请查阅制造商当前的安全数据表以及GHS/CLP指南。CLP分类适用于纯散装物质，不适用于商业制剂。

GHS/CLP分类——(EC) No 1272/2008法规 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021)。

⚠ 警告 (Warning)
GHS07 — 刺激性/有害
GHS07 刺激性/有害

🚨 危险说明（H）

  • H302 — 吞咽有害

🛡 防范说明（P）

  • P264 — 作业后彻底清洗手部[和……]。
  • P270 — 使用本产品时不要进食、饮水或吸烟。
  • P301+P312 — 如误吞咽：: 如感觉不适，呼叫中毒急救中心/医生/……
  • P330 — 漱口。
  • P501 — 处置内装物/容器……

✓ 根据CLP法规(EC) 1272/2008附件VI的统一分类（官方、具有约束力的分类）。 索引号：613-086-00-5。

参考文献（芝加哥格式）： European Chemicals Agency. "caffeine, Index No. 613-086-00-5." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

翻译：CLP 法规 (EC) 1272/2008，附件 III 和 IV。数据：PubChem/NLM。

📚 综合科学参考文献 — Chicago Author-Date 10 来源

从所有Safety Hub选项卡收集的参考文献。CAS号： 58-08-2 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS，法规
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. 急救、毒理学
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] 急救、个人防护装备、毒理学
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] 个人防护装备
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] 处置、法规
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] 储存
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] 储存
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. 国家规定——波兰 [↗] 废物处置
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] 毒理学

具有自身参考文献的选项卡（紧急情况、个人防护装备、储存、废物）在其各自章节中包含额外的书目条目。

📈 分析统计（t检验·RSD·Grubbs·Q-Dixon） ICH Q2

粘贴一系列重复测量结果（CSV或每行一个数字）。计算器将计算平均值、标准差和95%置信区间，并检测异常值（Grubbs + Dixon Q）。

分隔符：逗号、空格、制表符、换行。至少3个测量值。
📐 统计公式
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — 算术平均值
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — 样本方差
  • s = √s² — 标准差
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — 相对标准差
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs检验
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

来源：ICH Q2(R2) 分析方法验证 · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 缓冲液配方计算器 唯一
参考文献： pKa值来自 Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

从 20 种常用缓冲体系列表中选择 → 输入目标 pH → 获得精确配方，包括称量质量。

步骤 1：选择缓冲体系

📜 配方历史记录（最近 10 条）
🚚 运输分类（ADR / IATA / IMDG）
✅ 不受运输法规约束

该物质被分类为不属于公路（ADR）、航空（IATA）和海运（IMDG）危险货物。

来源: ADR 2025 (Not regulated)

🛣️ ADR 公路运输

类别:
Not regulated

来源： ADR 2025 ↗ · IATA DGR ↗ · IMDG Code ↗

📅 项目规划器——实验室实验管理器 新品

规划您的整个实验室项目：添加实验（含试剂、重复次数和持续时间）。您将获得甘特图、购物清单（含商店链接！）、预算（含10%余量）和GHS风险矩阵。

🧪 溶解性和溶剂兼容性
分子
Caffeine
分子式
C8H10N4O2
logP
-0.07
摩尔质量（g/mol）
194.19
极性
亲水性（极性）

⚠️ HSP估算（文献/基团贡献法）。指示性数据——不能替代实验研究。

Ra < R₀ = 混溶性良好 · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = 临界 · 以上 = 较差（R₀ — 该分子 Hansen 溶解度球的半径） 该分子的 R₀ = 9.。

溶剂 兼容性 Ra 可视化 GC-MS HPLC 应用 参考文献
Water (H₂O)21.7 g/L（实测）30.8
✗ NoA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)~ 平均9.8
✗ NoA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)~ 平均12.9
✗ NoA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetone~ 平均10.1
✗ NoB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)~ 平均13.5
✗ NoB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSO+ 良好7.3
✗ NoN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THF+ 良好8.6
✗ NoB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)+ 良好8.4
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)~ 平均10.7
✓ YesN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexane− 差18.9
✓ YesA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene− 差14.4
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 溶剂科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

11 种溶剂 · 54 条完整引用（NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS）— 见下文。

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — 周围神经病变（正己烷并非 IARC 致癌物）
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
溶解性理论（应用于相容性预测）：
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP三元组（dD, dP, dH）+ Ra公式。
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solvatochromism.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution for dD/dP/dH from SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — 250+溶剂的完整表格数据集（ε、μ、供体数、受体数）。
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 58-08-2 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

完整参考文献位于页面底部的参考文献折叠面板——芝加哥格式手册第17版作者-日期格式。

⚗️ 检查反应兼容性
2 0 0
健康： 2/4
易燃性： 0/4
反应性： 0/4
根据NFPA 704 / 由H代码计算

检查Caffeine是否与另一种试剂兼容

📦 储存兼容性矩阵
酸类 碱 氧化剂 易燃 毒性 Gazy
酸类 ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
碱 ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
氧化剂 ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
易燃 ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
毒性 ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ 可一起储存 · ⚠ 谨慎 · ✗ 禁止一起储存 · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

兼容性数据来源： Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 实验室计算器（8个）
稀释（C₁V₁=C₂V₂）
摩尔浓度（M=n/V）
pH缓冲液（Henderson-Hasselbalch）
Beer-Lambert（A=εcl）
质量→摩尔
浓度%→M
ppm→mg/L
温度 C↔F↔K

已验证的配方： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 光谱数据库
📋 实验室方案生成器

方案基于以下内容生成： GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ 标签生成器（QR码）
咖啡因• Caffeine / 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine• IUPAC: 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione• CAS: 58-08-2• EC: 200-362-1• 分子式: C8H10N4O2• 摩尔质量: 194.19 g/mol警告GHS危险说明：H302: 吞咽有害P301+P312 P330 P501 P264 P270仅供实验室使用！Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX Londonpure@molgod.orgmolgod.org批号: 净含量:
⏳ 稳定性与保质期顾问 Arrhenius
方法： Arrhenius equation k = A·exp(-Ea/RT). 引用： Connors KA et al. 1986 · ICH Q1A(R2)

输入储存条件 → Arrhenius算法将预测剩余浓度、半衰期和使用建议。

❄️ 储存建议
Temperature:
15-25°C
Container:
HDPE/glass, dry
Incompatible:
Strong oxidizers
🧪 溶液配制助手（Smart Prep）

输入您要制备的内容——我将生成SOP

示例如下——点击插入：
预设配方：
📚 科学文献概览 — CAS 58-08-2
⭐ 关键发现（科学文献） 7 出版物
🏆 CAS 58-08-2 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30%引用·20%近期性·20%主题·15%历史·15%开放获取.
  1. #1
    Nehlig, A. (2017) · Pharmacological Reviews
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 620 次引用
    SCORE 13.08 药理学 MUST-CITE 引用： 620 DOI ↗
  2. #2
    Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use
    Fredholm, B.B.; Bättig, K.; Holmén, J.; Nehlig, A.; Zvartau, E.E. (1999) · Pharmacological Reviews
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 高影响力（2950 次引用）
    SCORE 12.66 机制 MUST-CITE 引用： 2950
  3. #3
    Wikoff, D.; Welsh, B.T.; Henderson, R.; Brorby, G.P.; Britt, J. et al. (2018) · Food and Chemical Toxicology
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 540 次引用 · 综述
    SCORE 12.4 综述 MUST-CITE 引用： 540 DOI ↗
  4. #4
    Heckman, M.A.; Weil, J.; Gonzalez de Mejia, E. (2010) · Journal of Food Science
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 850 次引用 · 综述
    SCORE 10.59 综述 MUST-CITE 引用： 850 DOI ↗
  5. #5
    O'Callaghan, F.; Muurlink, O.; Reid, N. (2022) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 190 次引用
    SCORE 10.44 药理学 MUST-CITE 引用： 190 DOI ↗
  6. #6
    Cappelletti, S.; Piacentino, D.; Sani, G.; Aromatario, M. (2010) · Current Neuropharmacology
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 480 次引用
    SCORE 8.05 药理学 MUST-CITE 引用： 480 DOI ↗
  7. #7
    Belay, A.; Ture, K.; Redi, M.; Asfaw, A. (2008) · Food Chemistry
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 280 次引用
    SCORE 7.35 分析 MUST-CITE 引用： 280 DOI ↗

为什么本页可以核查

标识

CAS、EC 和分子式，已在买方使用的各标识符系统中完成解析。页面显示已解析的系统数量，让您看到该物质的表征程度，而不是凭假设。

数据

每个理化数值都标明其来源及该来源的查阅日期。任何一条都可以打开查看。

分类

如有统一分类条目，则以其为准并注明索引号。自我分类单独列出并加以标注。

法规

名录、限制、授权和候选清单状态均逐一列明。凡状态尚未确定之处，本页会如实说明 — 从不声明不适用任何限制。

文件

有哪些文件、经过何种级别的审核、提供哪些语言，以及每份文件的出具时间。

供应商

谁在销售，以及其公开发布的自身信息。

本页内容均不构成认证。它是一份可供您审核的记录。

Two guarantees, both with their limits stated

The Gap Report Guarantee

If the available evidence cannot support a defensible document for your CAS number and product specification, we will not invent the missing values. You receive a documented gap report and choose: a refund, store credit, or the report on its own.

A visible gap is worth more than a plausible number, because the plausible number is the one that fails when somebody checks it.

The Re-issue Promise

If a signed card is rejected by an authority or by a customer’s compliance officer on one of the points we checked and reported as passed, we re-issue it corrected at no charge and credit the original fee.

This covers the checks we performed and named. It does not cover registration status, tonnage, or your role in the supply chain — those are not ours to hold, and a guarantee that pretended otherwise would be worth nothing.

Caffeine — CAS 58-08-2. Molecular structure, identifiers and data, an interactive 3D view and a free, ready-to-print 3D model on a display base.

Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) at a glance

  • Substance – caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine)
  • CAS number – 58-08-2
  • Molecular formula – C8H10N4O2
  • Molar mass – 194.19 g/mol

Explore the molecule in 3D and download the print files: caffeine on MolGod.org.

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文件用途 工作草稿
€49.99		 专家审核版
€249.99
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随出口货物一同寄运 并非为此编写Yes
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签名的含义

文件由谁编制
The document is generated by the MolGod engine from ECHA CLP Annex VI and the cited public sources, then read section by section by a qualified scientific reviewer with a degree in chemistry or a related scientific field.
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🌍 全球分布 (3)

CAS号的关键天然分布区域及工业生产地点 58-08-2.

参考文献（芝加哥格式）
  • U.S. Geological Survey. 2024. "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024." https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/.
  • British Geological Survey. 2023. "World Mineral Production 2018-2022." Keyworth: BGS.
  • International Energy Agency. 2023. "Critical Minerals Market Review 2023." https://www.iea.org/reports/critical-minerals-market-review-2023.
  • USGS. 2024. "Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data." U.S. Geological Survey. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/.
  • BGS. 2024. "World Mineral Statistics." British Geological Survey. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/.
  • Emsley, John. 2001. "Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements." Oxford University Press.
  • Wood, Eric J. 2013. "The Periodic Table and the Chemical Industry." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 14 (1): 5-16.
  • Tufte, Edward R. 2006. "Beautiful Evidence." Graphics Press.
  • Few, Stephen. 2009. "Now You See It: Simple Visualization Techniques for Quantitative Analysis." Analytics Press.
  • Mayer, Richard E. 2009. "Multimedia Learning." 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.
⚗️ Jonizacja w funkcji pH (Henderson-Hasselbalch)

Typ: Zasada · pKa: 14

024681012140%50%100%% zjonizowany% niejonowypH
pH% jonowy% niejonowy
0100.0 %0.0 %
2100.0 %0.0 %
4100.0 %0.0 %
6100.0 %0.0 %
8100.0 %0.0 %
10100.0 %0.0 %
1299.0 %1.0 %
1450.0 %50.0 %
该物质的来源（8）
  • CRC Handbook 91st ed.
    Lide, David R., ed. 2010. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • CRC Handbook 105th ed.
    Haynes, William M., David R. Lide, and Thomas J. Bruno, eds. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • NIST WebBook — link
    Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook. NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  • PubChem CID 2519 — link
    Kim, Sunghwan, Jie Chen, Tiejun Cheng, Asta Gindulyte, Jia He, Siqian He, Qingliang Li, et al. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D1373-D1380. PubChem CID 2519.
  • DrugBank DB00201 — link
    Knox, Craig, Mike Wilson, Christen M. Klinger, Mark Franklin, Eponine Oler, Alex Wilson, Allison Pon, et al. 2024. "DrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1265-D1275. DrugBank ID DB00201.
  • ChEMBL CHEMBL113 — link
    Zdrazil, Barbara, Eloy Felix, Fiona Hunter, Emma J. Manners, James Blackshaw, Sybilla Corbett, Marleen de Veij, et al. 2024. "The ChEMBL Database in 2023." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1180-D1192. ChEMBL ID CHEMBL113.
  • IUPAC
    Perrin, Douglas D. 1965. Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC. London: Butterworths.
Bibliografia metody (Chicago)
  • Henderson, L. J. 1908. "Concerning the Relationship between the Strength of Acids and Their Capacity to Preserve Neutrality." American Journal of Physiology 21 (4): 173-179.
  • Hasselbalch, K. A. 1917. "Die Berechnung der Wasserstoffzahl des Blutes aus der freien und gebundenen Kohlensäure desselben." Biochemische Zeitschrift 78: 112-144.
  • Po, Henry N., and N. M. Senozan. 2001. "The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation: Its History and Limitations." Journal of Chemical Education 78 (11): 1499-1503.
  • Avdeef, Alex. 2012. "Absorption and Drug Development: Solubility, Permeability, and Charge State." 2nd ed. Wiley.
  • Avdeef, Alex. 2007. "Solubility of sparingly-soluble ionizable drugs." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 59 (7): 568-590.
  • Volgyi, Gergely, et al. 2007. "Potentiometric and spectrophotometric pKa determination of water-insoluble compounds." Analytica Chimica Acta 583 (2): 418-428.
  • Fini, Adamo, Giuseppe Fazio, and Giuseppina Feroci. 1997. "Solubility and solubilization properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae 70 (4): 305-318.
  • Mauger, John W., Anthony N. Paruta, and Robert J. Gerraughty. 1972. "Solubilities of sulfadiazine, sulfisomidine, and sulfadimethoxine." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 61 (1): 94-97.
  • Lyman, Warren J., William F. Reehl, and David H. Rosenblatt. 1990. "Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods." American Chemical Society.
  • Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. "The Properties of Solvents." Wiley.
  • Serjeant, E. P., and Boyd Dempsey. 1979. Ionisation Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC Chemical Data Series No. 23. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Perrin, Douglas D. 1965. Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC. London: Butterworths.
  • Goldberg, Robert N., Nand Kishore, and Rebecca Lennen. 2002. "Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 31 (2): 231-370.
  • Rumble, John R., Thomas J. Bruno, Maria J. Doa, and Donald R. Burgess, eds. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Lide, David R., ed. 2010. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Kim, Sunghwan, Jie Chen, Tiejun Cheng, Asta Gindulyte, Jia He, Siqian He, Qingliang Li, et al. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D1373-D1380.
  • Knox, Craig, Mike Wilson, Christen M. Klinger, Mark Franklin, Eponine Oler, Alex Wilson, Allison Pon, et al. 2024. "DrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1265-D1275.
  • Zdrazil, Barbara, Eloy Felix, Fiona Hunter, Emma J. Manners, James Blackshaw, Sybilla Corbett, Marleen de Veij, et al. 2024. "The ChEMBL Database in 2023." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1180-D1192.
  • Kanehisa, Minoru, Miho Furumichi, Yoko Sato, Masayuki Kawashima, and Mari Ishiguro-Watanabe. 2023. "KEGG for taxonomy-based analysis of pathways and genomes." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D587-D592.
  • Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook. NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  • Nelson, David L., and Michael M. Cox. 2017. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 7th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman.
📄 分析证书（CoA） CAS 58-08-2 无

数据库中无此产品的证书。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

批次管理与实验室认证标准——13个独立来源（ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG）。

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [链接 ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [链接 ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [链接 ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [链接 ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [链接 ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [链接 ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [链接 ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [链接 ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [链接 ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [链接 ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [链接 ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📈 UV-VIS光谱预测器（200-400 nm） λmax 273 nm
0%25%50%75%100%200250300350400273 nmA = ε·c·lA / Aₘₐₓ (%)
化合物Caffeine
λmax273 nm
λmin245 nm
εmax (M⁻¹·cm⁻¹)9,700
溶剂（查询）water
溶剂（参比）water
浓度（M）1e-4
光程（cm）1
曲线半峰宽56 nm

模型：以 λmax 为中心的高斯曲线，按比尔-朗伯定律 A = ε · c · l 缩放。透射率 T = 10^(-A) · 100%。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）
  1. Marcus GM, Hu FB, van Dam RM et al.. (2026). "Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.". Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001454 [DOI]
  2. Eichenwald E, Corwin M, McEntire B et al.. (2026). "Intermittent hypoxia and caffeine in infants born preterm: the ICAF Randomized Clinical Trial.". Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2025-329230 [DOI]
  3. Dai G, Luo M, Dai S et al.. (2026). "Prenatal caffeine exposure impairs neurodevelopment via glucocorticoid-driven epigenetic cascade suppressing astrocytic ABCG1 and cholesterol transport.". Metabolism: clinical and experimental. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156454 [DOI]
  4. Deng H, Wang L, Liu P et al.. (2025). "Caffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological markers.". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2566371 [DOI]
  5. Razazan R, Hemmatinafar M, Imanian B et al.. (2025). "Performance-enhancing effects of caffeine and L-Theanine among Iranian elite wrestlers: a focus on cognitive and specific physical performance.". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2564238 [DOI]
  6. Nawarathna GS, Ariyasinghe DI, Dassanayake TL. (2025). "High-dose L-theanine-caffeine combination improves neurobehavioural and neurophysiological measures of selective attention in acutely sleep-deprived young adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.". The British journal of nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114525104169 [DOI]
  7. Riaz I, Fayaz M, Zahid F et al.. (2025). "Acute effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure.". JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.20294 [DOI]
  8. Xu Y, Zhang L, Wang P et al.. (2025). "Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy adults: The moderating role of caffeine consumption.". Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119092 [DOI]
  9. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2023. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. [DOI]
  10. Mayerhöfer, Thomas G., Samir Pahlow, and Jürgen Popp. 2020. "The Bouguer-Beer-Lambert Law: Shining Light on the Obscure." ChemPhysChem 21 (18): 2029-2046. [DOI]
  11. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2017. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-305-57721-3.
  12. Lindon, John C., George E. Tranter, and David W. Koppenaal, eds. 2017. "Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry." 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-803224-4.
  13. Field, Leslie D., Sev Sternhell, and John R. Kalman. 2013. "Organic Structures from Spectra." 5th ed. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-96582-6.
  14. Reusch, William. 2013. "Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry: Spectroscopy." East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.
  15. Lampman, Gary M., Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, and James R. Vyvyan. 2010. "Spectroscopy." 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-88992-9.
  16. Kalsi, P. S. 2010. "Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds." 6th ed. New Delhi: New Age International. ISBN 978-81-224-2032-9.
  17. Williams, Dudley H., and Ian Fleming. 2008. "Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry." 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-711559-0.
  18. Sadek, Paul C. 2002. The HPLC Solvent Guide. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-41242-2.
  19. Banwell, Colin N., and Elaine M. McCash. 1994. "Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy." 4th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-707976-1.
  20. Perkampus, Heinz-Helmut. 1992. UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Its Applications. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77477-5.
  21. Fieser, Louis F. 1949. "Extension of Woodward's Rules for Prediction of Conjugated Diene Absorption." Journal of the American Chemical Society 71 (5): 1854-1857. [DOI]
  22. Woodward, Robert B. 1942. "Structure and the Absorption Spectra of Alpha,Beta-Unsaturated Ketones." Journal of the American Chemical Society 64 (1): 72-75. [DOI]
  23. Beer, August. 1852. "Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Flüssigkeiten." Annalen der Physik und Chemie 86: 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18521620505.
  24. Lambert, Johann Heinrich. 1760. Photometria. Augsburg: Sumptibus Vidae.

📖 λmax = 273 nm 的数值来自数据库或文献。无独立交叉核对（NIST / CrossRef / PubChem）——无法进行交叉验证。

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/spectra/uv-vis/58-08-2?solvent=water&path_length_cm=1

☣️ 急性毒性（LD50 / LC50） GHS危险类别3——中等
LD50
192 mg/kg[1]
Gatunek / droga
Rat / doustnie
Klasyfikacja
Moderately toxic[2][3]
Skala GHS (Acute Toxicity, oral, mg/kg bw):
Cat 1 (≤5)
Cat 2 (5–50)
Cat 3 (50–300)
Cat 4 (300–2000)
Cat 5 (2000–5000)

来源： Peters 1967, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.; ChemView (EPA 2024) (1967). CAS 58-08-2.

LD50/LC50数据仅供参考；不能替代安全数据表（SDS）或毒理学专家评估。经口途径的GHS分类（mg/kg bw）依据UN GHS第10修订版（2023）附件1 §3.1.1。

参考文献（芝加哥格式）
  1. U.S. EPA. 2024. "ChemView." Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  2. United Nations. 2023. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)." 10th rev. ed. New York: UN.
  3. Hodge, Harold C., and James H. Sterner. 1949. "Tabulation of toxicity classes." American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly 10 (4): 93-96.
其他来源（方法学，未直接引用）：
  • U.S. EPA. 2024. "ChemView." https://chemview.epa.gov/.
  • Lipnick, Robert L., et al. 1995. "Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures." Food and Chemical Toxicology 33 (3): 223-231.
  • ATSDR. 2024. "Toxicological Profiles." Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/.
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press.
  • Lewis, Richard J. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." 12th ed. Wiley.
  • IARC. 2024. "Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans." International Agency for Research on Cancer (classification criteria for carcinogenicity: IARC Group 1/2A/2B).
  • Pohanish, Richard P. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." 7th ed. Elsevier.
  • Bingham, Eula, Barbara Cohrssen, and Charles H. Powell, eds. 2012. "Patty's Toxicology." 6th ed. Wiley.
  • WHO. 2023. "Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard." World Health Organization (zgodne z UN GHS Annex 1 §3.1.1).
⚠️ 药物相互作用 (1)

根据临床共识来源，CAS 58-08-2 的已知药代动力学和药效学相互作用。本信息仅供教育用途 — 不能替代医生咨询。

证据等级（Hansten & Horn）
A — randomized controlled trials · B — non-randomized clinical / PK studies · C — case reports · D — theoretical/mechanism-based
  • 茶碱
    中度EL: A
    相互作用药物 CAS： 58-55-9 · DrugBank DB00277 · PubChem 2153 · ChEMBL

    机制： 两者均拮抗腺苷受体 A1/A2A 并抑制磷酸二酯酶（PDE3/4）。咖啡因抑制 CYP1A2，并与茶碱竞争同一代谢途径（去甲基化）。

    临床后果： 中枢神经系统兴奋增强、心动过速、震颤、失眠，有茶碱中毒风险（抽搐、心律失常）。

    处理措施： 茶碱治疗期间将咖啡因限制在 < 200 mg/d。监测茶碱浓度（治疗浓度 5–15 μg/mL）。

    来源： Stockley 2021; Indiana University P450 Table
参考文献（芝加哥格式）
  • Hansten, Philip D., and John R. Horn. 2024. "The Top 100 Drug Interactions: A Guide to Patient Management." H&H Publications.
  • Stockley, Ivan H., ed. 2021. "Stockley's Drug Interactions." 12th ed. Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Indiana University. 2024. "P450 Drug Interaction Table." https://drug-interactions.medicine.iu.edu/.
  • Lexicomp. 2024. "Lexicomp Drug Interactions Database." Wolters Kluwer.
  • U.S. FDA. 2023. "Drug Development and Drug Interactions Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers." https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-interactions-labeling/drug-development-and-drug-interactions-table-substrates-inhibitors-and-inducers.
  • Goldfrank, Lewis R., et al. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies." 11th ed. McGraw-Hill (rozdz. Drug Interactions — synergie + antagonizmy w zatruciach mieszanych).
  • Olson, Kent R., et al. 2018. "Poisoning & Drug Overdose." 7th ed. McGraw-Hill（过量用药中相互作用的临床处理）。
  • Dollery, Colin, ed. 1999. "Therapeutic Drugs." 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone（药代动力学层面药物相互作用的参考专著）。
  • Rosenstock, Linda, et al. 2005. "Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine." 2nd ed. Elsevier Saunders (occupational + drug exposure interakcje).
  • Lippmann, Morton. 2009. "Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects." 3rd ed. Wiley（环境暴露对 CYP3A4/CYP2D6 的调节）。
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press (in vitro screening DDI: rola P-gp, BCRP).
📜 专利（公开元数据） 无数据

目前未在Crossref/OpenAlex中找到该物质的公开专利元数据。数据将在下次缓存刷新（24小时）后自动更新。

📚 参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开
  1. Marcus GM, Hu FB, van Dam RM et al.. (2026). "Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.". Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001454
  2. Eichenwald E, Corwin M, McEntire B et al.. (2026). "Intermittent hypoxia and caffeine in infants born preterm: the ICAF Randomized Clinical Trial.". Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2025-329230
  3. Dai G, Luo M, Dai S et al.. (2026). "Prenatal caffeine exposure impairs neurodevelopment via glucocorticoid-driven epigenetic cascade suppressing astrocytic ABCG1 and cholesterol transport.". Metabolism: clinical and experimental. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156454
  4. Deng H, Wang L, Liu P et al.. (2025). "Caffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological markers.". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2566371
  5. Razazan R, Hemmatinafar M, Imanian B et al.. (2025). "Performance-enhancing effects of caffeine and L-Theanine among Iranian elite wrestlers: a focus on cognitive and specific physical performance.". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2564238
  6. Nawarathna GS, Ariyasinghe DI, Dassanayake TL. (2025). "High-dose L-theanine-caffeine combination improves neurobehavioural and neurophysiological measures of selective attention in acutely sleep-deprived young adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.". The British journal of nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114525104169
  7. Riaz I, Fayaz M, Zahid F et al.. (2025). "Acute effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure.". JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.20294
  8. Xu Y, Zhang L, Wang P et al.. (2025). "Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy adults: The moderating role of caffeine consumption.". Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119092
  9. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
  10. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
  11. European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
  12. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  13. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  14. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  15. Meanwell, Nicholas A. 2011. "Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 54 (8): 2529-2591.
  16. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of Synthetic Accessibility Score of Drug-Like Molecules Based on Molecular Complexity and Fragment Contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  17. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  18. Allison, John R., and Mark A. Lemley. 1998. "Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents." AIPLA Quarterly Journal 26 (3): 185-275.
  19. Patani, George A., and Edmond J. LaVoie. 1996. "Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design." Chemical Reviews 96 (8): 3147-3176.
  20. Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/patents/58-08-2?status=active&limit=10

数据来自PubChem来源： PubChem (NIH)
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📚 参考文献（综合书目，芝加哥作者-日期格式） 79 条目

以上折叠面板中针对CAS号58-08-2引用的所有科学来源。格式： 《芝加哥格式手册》第17版，作者-日期系统.

🗄️ 科学数据库

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 58-08-2. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=58-08-2.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 58-08-2. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 58-08-2. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=58-08-2.
  5. ECHA. n.d. C&L Inventory and REACH Registration: CAS 58-08-2. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

📐 标准/指南

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 书籍

  1. O'Neil, Maryadele J., ed. 2013. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th ed.. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  3. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  4. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780471879558.
  5. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  6. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 科学文章（同行评审）

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 网站

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  10. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  11. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  12. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  13. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  14. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  15. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  16. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  17. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  18. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
  19. Heckert, N. A., and J. J. Filliben. 2003. "NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods." NIST Handbook 151. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
  20. Grubbs, Frank E. 1950. "Sample Criteria for Testing Outlying Observations." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (1): 27–58.
  21. Dixon, Wilfrid J. 1950. "Analysis of Extreme Values." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (4): 488–506.
  22. Snedecor, George W., and William G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
  23. Student [William Sealy Gosset]. 1908. "The Probable Error of a Mean." Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25.
  24. International Organization for Standardization. 2005. "ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and Symbols — Part 1: General Statistical Terms and Terms Used in Probability." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/40145.html.
  25. Thompson, Michael, Stephen L. R. Ellison, and Roger Wood. 2002. "Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 835–855.
  26. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2024. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Applicable as from 1 January 2025 (ECE/TRANS/352). Geneva: UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025-edition.
  27. International Air Transport Association. 2026. Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). 67th ed. Montreal: IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/.
  28. International Maritime Organization. 2024. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, 2024 Edition (Amendment 42-24). London: IMO. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx.
  29. United Nations. 2025. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations (Orange Book). 24th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.24. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-model-regulations.
  30. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2025. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284). 2025–2026 ed. Montreal: ICAO. https://www.icao.int/safety/DangerousGoods/Pages/technical-instructions.aspx.
  31. European Commission. 2014. "Commission Decision 2014/955/EU on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC." Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014D0955.
  32. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2020. "Rozporządzenie Ministra Klimatu z dnia 2 stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów." Dziennik Ustaw RP 2020 poz. 10. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20200000010. 国家规定——波兰
  33. Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ). 2024. "Baza Danych O Odpadach (BDO) — System rejestracji firm utylizacyjnych." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. https://bdo.mos.gov.pl/. 国家规定——波兰
  34. Polska — Sejm RP. 2012. "Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. o odpadach." Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21 (z późn. zm.). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20130000021. 国家规定——波兰
  35. Furr, A. Keith, ed.. 2000. "CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety." CRC Press.
  36. Pohanish, Richard P.. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." Elsevier.
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  39. OSHA. 2024. "Occupational Chemical Database — Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOPER)." Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata.
  40. European Parliament and Council. 2008. "Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive)." Official Journal of the European Union L 312/3. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098.
  41. European Parliament and Council. 2009. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures." Official Journal of the European Union L 353. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1272.
  42. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2023. "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/standards/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025.
  43. IPCS INCHEM. 2024. "International Programme on Chemical Safety — Waste Management Guidelines." WHO/UNEP/ILO. https://www.inchem.org/.
  44. European Parliament and Council. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 on Shipments of Waste." Official Journal of the European Union L 190: 1–98. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006R1013.
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  49. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
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📥 下载BibTeX📥 下载RIS导入到Zotero/Mendeley/EndNote/Papers。
📜 许可与来源
COMPUTED — PubChem3D · 3D conformer computed by PubChem using OMEGA; not an experimental structure.
模型
caffeine · 58-08-2
InChIKey
RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
许可协议
CC BY-SA 4.0 International
打印模型许可（READY TO PRINT）
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International — 含底座和铅笔支柱的模型；上方许可适用于分子文件 NORMAL 和 ENGRAVED
署名
MolGod Scientific — caffeine (CAS 58-08-2)
许可与来源记录
caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) →
MolGod 分子记录
caffeine →
源数据
PubChem CID 2519 ↗
模型信息
由 MolGod 生成的 STL · MolGod STL Exporter build 48804cd20b0d · 生成于 2026-10-14
SHA-256 (STL)
9aa8d8a1e01adc890f457a9e603129e4da7b8b6296b3a63040914176e7c77ac6
MD5 (STL)
806b0455f4bf87a83a4115f9f8729ed4
MolGod Identification Number
MG_751-125-824-41
转换
MolGod Scientific 球棍模型网格
更改
转换为三角化分子网格；原子坐标与连接关系未改变。
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