Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2)

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), CAS 58-08-2: molecular structure, identifiers and data, an interactive 3D view and a free ready-to-print 3D model on a display base. MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

Free, and generated automatically from the sources listed on this page. No person has reviewed it, and it describes the substance in general — not your material, your process or your intended market.

REACH 2020/878
v13 · 26.10.2026

Section 9 — physicochemical properties: 11 of 22 established.

We show what is established and name what is not. Classification and identity are complete on every card; section 9 is where public data is thin.

Order the printed 3D model

Price includes printing and international delivery; Poland: InPost, about 72 hours after printing. Details: colour model · personalised base.

DOCUMENTATION AND 3D PRINTED MODELS ONLY

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Scientific · Buyer · Compliance

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  1. €0Audit the sheet you already haveSend us your existing sheet for this substance and we tell you what is wrong with it. One per company. If it turns out to be sound, you buy nothing.Start the free audit →
  2. €49.99Working draftThe complete sixteen-section document, referenced, downloadable immediately after checkout. The right choice while the paperwork is still moving.
  3. €249.99Signed cardThe same document reviewed and signed, issued within 72 hours of complete input — for the moment somebody official asks who stands behind it.

Documentation available for this substance: safety data sheet · CLP label · certificate of analysis on request · specification. Languages: the official language of your destination market, produced per card.

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What you receive — and what this is not

What you receive

  • A digital PDF safety data sheet in the sixteen-section structure of REACH Annex II (Regulation 1907/2006).
  • Substance identification, hazard classification, physicochemical, toxicological and ecological information, and regulatory references.
  • Classification read against the harmonised entry in CLP Annex VI where one exists for the substance.
  • A version number, a compilation date, and the source behind each value that carries one.
  • Delivery by e-mail. Nothing is shipped.

What this is not

  • Not a chemical substance, not a sample, not any physical goods.
  • Not a certification. No official certification scheme for safety data sheets exists in the European Union.
  • Not legal approval, and not a guarantee of compliance in any jurisdiction.
  • Not a substitute for your own regulatory assessment, nor for the safety data sheet supplied by the manufacturer or importer of the substance you actually hold.
  • Not adapted to a specific workplace, process or national annex unless you provide that information.

Where the available evidence does not support a value, the sheet states that the value is not established rather than estimating one. A field with no recorded source is marked as such.

What is in the buyer pack

Everything your compliance officer will ask for, in one file.

  • The product page as PDF — the record as published, so what you forward matches what you read.
  • The safety data sheet at your entitlement level — sixteen sections in the order set by REACH Annex II, for this substance, in the language you select.
  • The CLP label artwork — generated from the same classification as the sheet, so the two cannot disagree.
  • The specification, and the certificate of analysis where batch data exists.
  • sources.txt — every citation with the date it was read.
  • An explicit list of what we could not establish — fields marked unavailable rather than filled with an estimate. This is the honest part of the document and we do not hide it in a footnote.

Your European buyer is going to forward this to somebody who was not on the call. The pack exists so that what they forward is complete, self-explanatory and traceable — rather than four attachments and a sentence beginning “I think this is everything”.

SKU: SDS-58-08-2 Category:
About the language versions

These switch the language of this page. Single substances. Mixtures on enquiry. One document, one language — additional languages are priced separately. Every version, including the Chinese one, is written to EU law — (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) Annex II and (EU) 2020/878 — and translated from it. The Chinese version is a reference translation, not a legally valid document for the Chinese market: an SDS for China must be compiled separately to GB/T 16483 and GB/T 17519.

🧬 3D Molecule Visualizer
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3D model Caffeine, CAS 58-08-2, molecular formula C8H10N4O2, molar mass 194.19 g/mol

Model views

  • Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) – ball-and-stick 3D model, MolGod Viewer
    ball-and-stick 3D model
  • Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) – skeletal 3D model, MolGod Viewer
    skeletal 3D model
  • space-filling 3D model – rotation animation
  • Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) – 2D structure, MolGod Viewer
    2D structure

© 2026 MolGod.org. All rights reserved. · Image rights

Data transcribed from regulatory registers and technical literature, with the source and edition stated. It does not replace the supplier's safety data sheet. Fields without a recorded source are marked as such.

🖨️ 3D print model & license

A ready-to-print model of this molecule on a display base: rotate it, zoom in and see how it looks straight off the printer and after removing the supports.

Preview of the 6-colour print model — rotate it with your mouse or finger; see it as printed, finished, as the molecule alone, and where to cut it off the pencils

Loading the 3D model…

Drag to rotate; scroll or pinch to zoom. Each part is shown in the colour of its filament.

6 colours in one print, no paintingBambu Lab H2C, 0.4 mm nozzle, 0.16 mm layersabout 172 g of PLAabout 16 h 46 min of printing (slicer estimate)Slicer-tested, multicolour test print still to come

⬇️ Sliced for H2C (G-code 3MF) · 48 MB⬇️ Everything in one ZIP · 148 MBFull multicolour specification ↓

caffeine (CAS 58-08-2), C8H10N4O2 - 3D ball-and-stick molecular model, engraved element symbols (C H N O), MolGod STL previewDownload image

MG_751-125-824-41 · engraved · 305,524 △ · 15 MB · SHA-256 3eca6dd62995ddf8

Download 3D model · ENGRAVED · C H N O

caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - 3D model ready to print on a display base, MolGod STL previewDownload image

MG_751-125-824-41 · ready to print · ANT HOUSE v7 · 450,102 △ · 21 MB · SHA-256 61bbb8ec736087db

Digital geometry validated. Slicer-tested with the stated profile. Physical print not yet tested.

Print size, millimetres: import at 100 %, do not rescale.

3D printing settings · ANT HOUSE v7 — digital geometry validated; slicer-tested with the profile below (PrusaSlicer 2.8.1 · ANT HOUSE profile v4 (in the 3MF)) for this exact file; physical print not yet tested.
Filemolgod_caffeine_58-08-2_R3-ready-to-print_g2026-10-28_NO-SUPPORTS_add-supports-in-slicer.stl · ANT HOUSE v7
SHA-256 61bbb8ec736087dbfad3fb423807465294afff81c257254bf4b07e0728b97f0b
Sliced on 2026-10-28 (UTC) for this SHA-256
Readiness levelLevel 3 of 5 — Slicer Verified (1 Generated · 2 Geometry Validated · 3 Slicer Verified · 4 Physically Printed · 5 Print Qualified). Designed for FDM printing. Geometry validated and slicing checked using the specified profile. No physical print has been made yet.
MethodFDM, PLA 1.75 mm
Nozzle0.4 mm (minimum detail sizes are designed for this nozzle; do not use a larger one)
Layer height0.2 mm
Infill15%, 3 perimeters
SupportsYes. 11 pencil supports (Ø 3.5 / 5 mm hexagonal, graphite neck Ø 1.8 mm with a 45° cup under the atom, 10.0–41.3 mm long) are part of the model — do not remove them. Also enable your slicer’s automatic supports: they are temporary (about 25.2 % of the printed volume in our run) — remove them carefully near the smallest spheres (e.g. hydrogen) and thin bonds. In your own slicer: organic (tree) supports with “on build plate only” switched OFF — every tree starts on the base (Cura: Support Placement = Everywhere). After choosing your printer, press A (Arrange) so the model sits in the middle of the bed.
Temperature3MF profile: 215 °C nozzle on the first layer, then 210 °C; bed 60 °C (starting point — follow your filament manufacturer’s range); part fan on from layer 4. Ready G-code use the printer makers’ own temperatures and fan settings (listed in gcode/README_GCODE.txt in the package). Ready G-code (Prusa MK4, Prusa MINI, Creality Ender-3 S1): 210 °C nozzle on the first layer, then 205 °C; bed 60 °C — values from the header of each file.
OrientationPrint as supplied: base flat on the bed (QR code side down); do not rotate
ScaleImport at 100 % — the file is in millimetres; do not rescale (molecule scale 1 Å = 10.60 mm)
Overall size100.0 × 100.0 × 84.1 mm (X × Y × Z); base Ø 100 × 20 mm
Validated2026-10-28 (UTC): geometry checks on this file
Minimum bed125 × 125 mm; height 90 mm
Estimated print timeabout 9 h 52 min (3MF profile in PrusaSlicer; ready G-code times above)
Filament (PLA)about 85–87 g (slicer estimate)

How this model prints

caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) as printed: orange slicer supports, yellow pencil supports
Straight off the printer: remove the orange slicer supports, keep the yellow pencils
caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) finished model after removing the slicer supports
Finished model: white molecule on yellow pencils, raised MolGod logo

Renders (PNG):

caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) ready-to-print 3D model, Front view, rendered from the MolGod STL file
Front view
caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) ready-to-print 3D model, Side view, rendered from the MolGod STL file
Side view
caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) ready-to-print 3D model, 3/4 view, rendered from the MolGod STL file
3/4 view
caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) ready-to-print 3D model, Top view, rendered from the MolGod STL file
Top view
caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) ready-to-print 3D model, Underside, rendered from the MolGod STL file
Underside

For print shops:
Technical data sheet (PDF: drawing, dimensions, print specification) · 588 KB · SHA-256 4161deaafa039710…
Print package (ZIP: STL, 3MF with settings, G-code, step-by-step instructions, design notes with sources, what-to-remove picture, previews, slicer profile, gates report, QC checklist, feedback form, licence) · 55 MB · SHA-256 8ad0b62d8de8af97…

Download 3D model · READY TO PRINT · STL without supports · STL · 21 MB · base Ø 100 mm · single integrated solid

Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, front three-quarter view
Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR release r7 as printed: render with the slicer supports (orange) taken from the sliced G-code, all standing on the baseCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, top viewCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, side viewCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, low front viewCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, back viewCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, close-up of the scissor cup under an oxygen atomCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, close-up of the raised CAFFEINE / CAS 58-08-2 labelCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, close-up of the raised formula C8H10N4O2Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, bottom view with the engraved QR codeCaffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR: 30 render views from every side, top and bottom

Pictures above are renders of the print model, not photos (the second one shows release r7 as printed, with its supports). The multicolour version has not been printed yet; photos of our single-colour print are in the tab SEE PRINTED 3D MODELS.

  • For Bambu Lab H2C
  • 6 colours, one print
  • 0.4 mm nozzle · 0.16 mm layers
  • 988 filament changes
  • about 16 h 46 min
  • about 172 g of PLA

Made for one printer

This project is set up for the Bambu Lab H2C and is not a universal multicolour file. Using another multicolour printer? The ZIP contains the six STL files, one per colour, for manual material assignment. Slicing and validation for your printer are then up to you: we have not tested other printers.

What you get

The same caffeine molecule and pencil pillars as READY TO PRINT, in colour straight off the printer: atoms labelled with their element symbols, red pencils with gold sharpened wood, and a white base with the blue MolGod.org logo, the raised formula C8H10N4O2 and a raised CAFFEINE / CAS 58-08-2 label.

Atom colours follow the chemistry convention

Every atom carries its element symbol and is coloured according to the CPK convention used for molecular models in chemistry: carbon black, hydrogen white, nitrogen blue, oxygen red. The name CPK comes from the Corey–Pauling–Koltun space-filling models described below. Single bonds are white. A double bond to oxygen or nitrogen takes that atom's colour, red C=O and blue C=N, so the double bonds stand out; the C=C double bond stays white.

Where the name CPK comes from

Where the geometry comes from

Atom positions come from the 3D conformer of caffeine computed by PubChem (CID 2519) with the OMEGA conformer generator. It is a computed structure, not an experimental crystal structure. The MolGod engine (R3, recipe r3-1.3) scales it to 10.598 mm per ångström, orients it for printing and places it on the base with its own pencil supports.

Sources for the 3D structure

  • Hawkins, Paul C. D., A. Geoffrey Skillman, Gregory L. Warren, Benjamin A. Ellingson, and Matthew T. Stahl. 2010. "Conformer Generation with OMEGA: Algorithm and Validation Using High Quality Structures from the Protein Databank and Cambridge Structural Database." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 50 (4): 572–584. https://doi.org/10.1021/ci100031x

Which file do I need?

To print exactly what we checked, use the sliced 3MF: it carries our printer, filament and support settings and the G-code for the H2C. The project 3MF of release r7 is the same project without G-code and keeps all those settings, so you can adjust it and slice again. The ZIP adds the six STL files and the renders.

Print settings

Nozzle 0.4 mm on every nozzle, layer 0.16 mm, Bambu PLA Basic in six colours. Supports: regular, snug style, threshold 44°, with "remove small overhangs" switched off so the slicer also supports the tiny undersides of the hydrogen atoms; 3 support enforcers and a support blocker ring at the bottom edge of the base are part of the project. All supports stand on the base or on the model, none on the build plate. Bambu Studio assigns white to the first extruder and the other five colours to the second, which switches hotends; the G-code contains 988 filament changes. Bambu Studio estimates 16 h 46 min and 172 g; your printer and settings may differ.

Cutting the molecule off the pencils

The pencils hold the molecule during printing and can stay as a display stand. If you want the molecule on its own, each pencil ends in a small cone under the atom, the scissor cup, printed in the colour of that atom:

  1. Remove the slicer's tree supports first. The red pencils are part of the model and stay.
  2. Cut with flush cutters straight across the black graphite where it meets the cup. The cross-section there is about 2 mm.
  3. Cut one pencil at a time and do not twist or pull the molecule: the bonds are thin.
  4. The cut face stays in the colour of the atom. Smooth a small stub with fine sandpaper if you like.
Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) - READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR, 6-colour Bambu Lab H2C print model, MolGod 3D render, close-up of the scissor cup under an oxygen atom
Render: the scissor cup under an oxygen atom, in the atom's colour, at the tip of the pencil graphite. Not yet tried on a physical multicolour print.

Supports: what changed in r7

Release r6 used tree supports and left 10 tiny spots (0.6 to 1.4 mm²) on the outer surface unsupported, mostly under hydrogen atoms: every tree setting that reached them went down to the build plate. Release r7 uses straight snug supports, which grow down onto the base, and supports the undersides of all hydrogen atoms: 0 unsupported spots on the outer surface. Our detector still raises one flag (0.74 mm²), but it lies 1.2 mm inside a hydrogen atom: the bottom layer of the black letter laid on the white infill inside the ball, which needs no support. The price of r7: about 36 minutes and 10 g more than r6, and more support to remove between the pencils.

Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) READY TO PRINT MULTICOLOR release r7 as printed: render with the slicer supports (orange) taken from the sliced G-code, all standing on the base
Render of release r7 as printed: supports (orange) from the sliced G-code, all on the base.

Using it in class

The model can help pupils recognise atoms by colour and symbol, tell single from double bonds, compare the flat 2D formula on the base with the 3D shape, and see the two fused rings and three methyl groups of caffeine. We have not run classroom studies yet; teachers who try it are welcome to write to pure@molgod.org.

Filaments: six colours, one per nozzle (the 7th nozzle stays free)

  • Jade White 10100 · 96.5 gbase, hydrogen atoms, single bonds and the C=C bond, letters on C, N and O
  • Black 10101 · 17.5 gcarbon atoms, pencil graphite, letters on H, text and QR code on the underside
  • Blue 10601 · 15.2 gnitrogen atoms, C=N bonds, logo, CAFFEINE, CAS number, formula
  • Red 10200 · 22.6 goxygen atoms, C=O bonds, pencil bodies
  • Light Gray 10104 · 4.5 gmetal ferrules on the long pencils
  • Gold · 16.1 gsharpened wood and erasers

Downloads

Current multicolour release: r7 (1 November 2026), checked digitally and in the slicer; a physical multicolour test print is still pending. Release r6 stays available below. The pictures on this tab are renders.

Quality passport · release r7 · 1 November 2026

What we checked for this multicolour release, what the result was and what it is based on. A higher step is never assumed from a lower one.

  • PASSChemical identityCAS 58-08-2, C8H10N4O2, InChIKey RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N, PubChem CID 2519. The model has 24 atoms, matching the formula (8 C, 10 H, 4 N, 2 O), each with its element letter.
  • PASSGeometry and meshOne watertight solid, 434,520 triangles. Inside the solid, the colour parts match its volume (139,258 mm³) to within 0.000001 %; the published STL files add 574 mm³ more, mostly the filled lettering and QR code recessed in the underside of the base. 25 bonds (29 bond cylinders, the four double bonds are drawn double), 13 pencils.
  • PASSSlicer check (Bambu Studio 02.08.02.61, H2C)Sliced without errors; no supports on the build plate; 0 unsupported spots on the outer surface (r6: 10). The detector's single flag lies 1.2 mm inside a hydrogen atom (letter layer on infill); the depth check that separates the two was validated on the 10 r6 spots, all found on the surface. The project file re-sliced on its own gives the same result.
  • PASSReproducibility of the colour splitSplitting the same solid into colours again produced all 17 colour parts byte-for-byte identical (31 Oct 2026). A full rebuild from the recipe has not been tested yet. SHA-256 of each download is listed on its card above.
  • PENDINGPhysical multicolour printNot printed yet. The photos in SEE PRINTED 3D MODELS show the single-colour READY TO PRINT version, not this one.

Level 3 of 5 — Slicer Verified (1 Generated · 2 Geometry Validated · 3 Slicer Verified · 4 Physically Printed · 5 Print Qualified). Designed for FDM printing. Geometry validated and slicing checked using the specified profile. No physical print has been made yet.

Release r7: digital geometry checked; sliced and checked in Bambu Studio 02.08.02.61 on the Bambu Lab H2C profile. Physical multicolour print: pending.

Licence of this print model: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International (non-commercial) - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Caffeine molecule 3D printed on a Bambu Lab printer, side view: ball-and-stick model with element letters on a MolGod.org base (CAS 58-08-2, C8H10N4O2)
Caffeine molecule 3D printed on a Bambu Lab printer, side view: ball-and-stick model with element letters on a MolGod.org base (CAS 58-08-2, C8H10N4O2)
Top view of the 3D printed caffeine model: purine rings, three methyl groups and the engraved MolGod.org base with the formula C8H10N4O2
Top view of the 3D printed caffeine model: purine rings, three methyl groups and the engraved MolGod.org base with the formula C8H10N4O2
Close-up of the white 3D printed caffeine desk model (ball-and-stick, pencil pillars, labelled base), CAS 58-08-2
Close-up of the white 3D printed caffeine desk model (ball-and-stick, pencil pillars, labelled base), CAS 58-08-2

Real photos of our own print of this model, made from the ready-to-print release (r19) offered on this page: printed in one piece on a Bambu Lab 3D printer in single-colour white filament, pencil pillars left in place, unpainted.

Photographed on 30 October 2026. Printed it yourself? Send us a photo: pure@molgod.org.

caffeine (CAS 58-08-2), C8H10N4O2 - 3D ball-and-stick molecular model, MolGod STL previewDownload image

MG_751-125-824-41 · normal · 10,464 △ · 511 KB · SHA-256 9aa8d8a1e01adc89

Download 3D model

License & provenance ↓

⚠️ The MolGod.org logo and name, including the raised logo on the base, are our trademark. Creative Commons licences do not cover trademarks (§ 2(b)(2)). Without our written permission you may not use the MolGod.org logo to brand your own products, in advertising or in a way that suggests our endorsement.

📊 Physicochemical data — CAS 58-08-2
📊 Physicochemical properties

Quick Reference

Formula: C8H10N4O2
MW: 194.19 g/mol
CAS: 58-08-2
Appearance: White, prismatic crystals
Odour: Odorless
🔬 Advanced Properties

Chemical Identifiers

SMILES: CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C

Last updated: 2026-09-02

Chemical Overview: Caffeine
Molecular formulaC8H10N4O2[1]
Molecular weight194.19 g/mol[1]
Melting point235 °C[1][2][3]
Boiling point178 °C[1][3]
Density1.23 g/cm³[1][3]
LogP (lipophilicity)-0.07[1][3]
pKa14[3]
IUPAC name1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione[1]
SMILESCn1cnc2c1c(=O)n(c(=O)n2C)C[1]
InChIKeyRYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

Synonyms: Caffeine · 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine · Guaranine

Data sources: PubChem (NLM/NIH), Merck Index 15th ed. (2013)
Last updated: 2026-10-08

📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date) (3 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: Molecular formula · Molecular weight · Melting point · Boiling point · Density · LogP (lipophilicity) · IUPAC name · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. NIST. Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗ applies to: Melting point
  3. O'Neil, M.J., ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 15th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013. applies to: Melting point · Boiling point · Density · LogP (lipophilicity) · pKa

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

[1]PubMed2026
Marcus GM, Hu FB, van Dam RM et al.. (2026). "Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.". Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.00000000000014
[2]PubMed2026
Eichenwald E, Corwin M, McEntire B et al.. (2026). "Intermittent hypoxia and caffeine in infants born preterm: the ICAF Randomized Clinical Trial.". Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonata
[3]PubMed2026
Dai G, Luo M, Dai S et al.. (2026). "Prenatal caffeine exposure impairs neurodevelopment via glucocorticoid-driven epigenetic cascade suppressing astrocytic ABCG1 and cholesterol transport.". Metaboli
[4]PubMed2025
Deng H, Wang L, Liu P et al.. (2025). "Caffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physio
[5]PubMed2025
Razazan R, Hemmatinafar M, Imanian B et al.. (2025). "Performance-enhancing effects of caffeine and L-Theanine among Iranian elite wrestlers: a focus on cognitive and specific physical performance.".
[6]PubMed2025
Nawarathna GS, Ariyasinghe DI, Dassanayake TL. (2025). "High-dose L-theanine-caffeine combination improves neurobehavioural and neurophysiological measures of selective attention in acutely sleep-depr
[7]PubMed2025
Celleno L, Bussoletti C, Tolaini MV et al.. (2025). "A Novel Approach Against Male Pattern Hair Loss With Topical Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt (DMG-Na) and Caffeine: Efficacy of a 24-Week, Double-Blind
[8]PubMed2025
Riaz I, Fayaz M, Zahid F et al.. (2025). "Acute effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure.". JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.20294
📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date) 8 refs · 1 baz

MOLECULE Per-CAS bibliography (live from 13+ databases)

Sources: db:pubmed (9)

  1. db:pubmed Marcus GM, Hu FB, van Dam RM et al.. (2026). "Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.". Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001454 →
  2. db:pubmed Eichenwald E, Corwin M, McEntire B et al.. (2026). "Intermittent hypoxia and caffeine in infants born preterm: the ICAF Randomized Clinical Trial.". Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2025-329230 →
  3. db:pubmed Dai G, Luo M, Dai S et al.. (2026). "Prenatal caffeine exposure impairs neurodevelopment via glucocorticoid-driven epigenetic cascade suppressing astrocytic ABCG1 and cholesterol transport.". Metabolism: clinical and experimental. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156454 →
  4. db:pubmed Deng H, Wang L, Liu P et al.. (2025). "Caffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological markers.". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2566371 →
  5. db:pubmed Razazan R, Hemmatinafar M, Imanian B et al.. (2025). "Performance-enhancing effects of caffeine and L-Theanine among Iranian elite wrestlers: a focus on cognitive and specific physical performance.". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2564238 →
  6. db:pubmed Nawarathna GS, Ariyasinghe DI, Dassanayake TL. (2025). "High-dose L-theanine-caffeine combination improves neurobehavioural and neurophysiological measures of selective attention in acutely sleep-deprived young adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.". The British journal of nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114525104169 →
  7. db:pubmed Riaz I, Fayaz M, Zahid F et al.. (2025). "Acute effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure.". JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.20294 →
  8. db:pubmed Xu Y, Zhang L, Wang P et al.. (2025). "Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy adults: The moderating role of caffeine consumption.". Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119092 →
Regulatory status of the substance
This substance is subject to regulatory requirements: hazardous waste management (BDO — national rule, Poland). Details in the \"Regulatory Status (REACH/ECHA/CLP)\" section and on the SDS. Regulatory information — does not restrict purchase in this store.
🧮 Stoichiometry Calculator
🧪 Chemical Data
CAS Number
58-08-2
Molecular formula
C8H10N4O2
Molar mass
194.19 g/mol
IUPAC name (EN)
1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
SMILES
Cn1cnc2c1c(=O)n(c(=O)n2C)C
InChIKey
RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Density
1.2300 g/cm³ @ 20°C

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-09-02

🔍 External identifiers
14 of 16 ID systems88%
DatabaseIdentifierActions
CAS Registry Number58-08-2Open →
PubChem CID2519[1]Open →
InChIKeyRYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]Open →
InChIInChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(…[1]
SMILESCn1cnc2c1c(=O)n(c(=O)n2C)C[1]
EC Number200-362-1[2]Open →
DrugBankDB00201Open →
KEGG CompoundD00528Open →
HMDBHMDB0001847Open →
ChemSpider2424[3]Open →
MeSH UID (NLM)D002110Open →
UNII (FDA)3G6A5W338EOpen →
NSC Number (NCI)5036Open →
WikiData QIDQ60235Open →

Sources: PubChem (NIH), Wikidata SPARQL, KEGG, ChEMBL (EBI), CompTox CTX (EPA).

📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date) (3 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ applies to: EC Number
  3. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ applies to: ChemSpider

Further reading

Publications thematically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value shown on this card.

Extended Bibliography (10)

  1. ★★★★½ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 Paywall (probable) ✓ verified Belay, A.; Ture, K.; Redi, M.; Asfaw, A.. 2008. "Measurement of caffeine in coffee beans with UV/Vis spectrometer." Food Chemistry. link [accessed: 2026-11-02]
  2. ★★★★☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 Paywall (probable) ✓ verified Wikoff, D.; Welsh, B.T.; Henderson, R.; Brorby, G.P.; Britt, J. et al.. 2018. "Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults." Food and Chemical Toxicology. link [accessed: 2026-11-02]
  3. ★★★★☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 Paywall (probable) ✓ verified Nehlig, A.. 2017. "Interindividual differences in caffeine metabolism and factors driving caffeine consumption." Pharmacological Reviews. link [accessed: 2026-11-02]
  4. ★★★★☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 Paywall (probable) ✓ verified Cappelletti, S.; Piacentino, D.; Sani, G.; Aromatario, M.. 2010. "Caffeine: cognitive and physical performance enhancer or psychoactive drug?." Current Neuropharmacology. link [accessed: 2026-11-02]
  5. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Nuveen, Nicholas, Gittinger, Melissa H.. 2024. "All Amped Up and Nowhere to Go: Caffeine and Methylxanthine Overdose." Medical Toxicology: 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197635513.003.0020. link [accessed: 2026-11-02] CC0 (metadata)
  6. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Clarke, O.B., des Georges, A., Zalk, R., Marks, A.R., Hendrickson, W.A., Frank, J.. 2016. "Structure of rabbit RyR1 (Caffeine/ATP/EGTA dataset, all particles).". https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb5tap/pdbx. link [accessed: 2026-11-02] CC0 (metadata)
  7. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Anonymous. 2013. "Putting It All Together." Caffeine for Sports Performance: 157-172. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781492595311.ch-010. link [accessed: 2026-11-02] CC0 (metadata)
  8. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Cronstein, Bruce N.. 2010. "Caffeine, a drug for all seasons." Journal of Hepatology 53 (1): 207-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2010.02.025. link [accessed: 2026-11-02] CC0 (metadata)
  9. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Raloff, J.. 1984. "Caffeine: The 'All Natural' Pesticide." Science News 126 (15): 229. https://doi.org/10.2307/3968991. link [accessed: 2026-11-02] CC0 (metadata)
  10. ½☆☆☆☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS ❓ ? Fredholm, B.B.; Bättig, K.; Holmén, J.; Nehlig, A.; Zvartau, E.E.. 1999. "Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use." Pharmacological Reviews. [accessed: 2026-11-02]
📡 Spectroscopy — CAS 58-08-2
📊 Spectra (NMR, IR, MS, UV-Vis) (1)

Available spectrum types: IR

IR spectrum (KBr, 4000-400 cm⁻¹)

440 data points · Source: NIST WebBook · NIST ↗ · 📥 JCAMP-DX
🎓 Spectrum interpretation guide (for students)
How to read an IR spectrum
  • 3200-3600 cm⁻¹ — O-H stretch (broad peak = hydrogen bonding)
  • 2850-3000 cm⁻¹ — C-H stretch (sp³)
  • 1650-1750 cm⁻¹ — C=O stretch (ketones, aldehydes, esters)
  • 1400-1600 cm⁻¹ — aromatic ring vibrations
  • 1000-1300 cm⁻¹ — C-O stretch (ethers, alcohols)
  • No absorption = no functional group → compare with a reference

Sources: LibreTexts ↗, Silverstein (Spectrometric ID) ↗

📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date) (7 sources)
  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2024. "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69." Gaithersburg, MD: NIST. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  2. Spectral Database for Organic Structure Determination (SDBS). 2024. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  3. Ulrich, Eldon L., Hideo Akutsu, John F. Doreleijers, Yoko Harano, Yannis E. Ioannidis, Jundong Lin, Miron Livny, et al. 2008. "BioMagResBank." Nucleic Acids Research 36 (D1): D402–D408. [DOI ↗]
  4. Horai, Hisayuki, Masanori Arita, Shigehiko Kanaya, Yoshito Nihei, Tasuku Ikeda, Kazuhiro Suwa, Yuya Ojima, et al. 2010. "MassBank: A Public Repository for Sharing Mass Spectral Data for Life Sciences." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 45 (7): 703–714. [DOI ↗]
  5. Linstrom, P.J., and W.G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗
  6. McDonald, M. Shane, Mike McAvoy, and Ajit Bhalerao. 1988. "JCAMP-DX: A Standard Form for Exchange of Infrared Spectra in Computer Readable Form." Applied Spectroscopy 42 (1): 151–162. [DOI ↗]
  7. PubChem. 2024. "PubChem Compound Database." National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
Structural properties

Loading structural data...

❓ Frequently asked questions (7)
What is Caffeine?
Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H10N4O2 and a molecular weight of 194.19 g/mol. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
Helpful?
What is the CAS number of Caffeine?
The CAS number for Caffeine is 58-08-2. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
Helpful?
What is the chemical formula of Caffeine?
The molecular formula of Caffeine is C8H10N4O2. Its molecular weight is 194.19 g/mol.
Helpful?
What is the melting point of Caffeine?
The melting point of Caffeine is 236.0974.
Helpful?
What is the density of Caffeine?
The density of Caffeine is 1.23.
Helpful?
Is Caffeine hazardous?
Caffeine has a harmonised EU classification (CLP Regulation, Annex VI, index no. 613-086-00-5): H302. Read the safety data sheet before use and follow the handling precautions it states.
Helpful?
How should Caffeine be stored?
Caffeine should be stored as its safety data sheet directs — typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
Helpful?
➕ Suggest a question
Download structure files

Molecular structure files from the PubChem database (NIH). Compatible with Avogadro, PyMOL, Jmol, and ChemDraw.

Source: PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH). CID: 2519

🔄 Concentration unit converter LIVE

Enter the Caffeine concentration in any unit — the rest will be calculated automatically.

MW: 194.19 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ Conversion formulas + citations (per formula)
ConversionFormulaAccuracySource
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 Bibliography (8 authoritative sources)
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811e2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
Similar molecular structures

Loading similar structures...

🧪 Solution Preparation Wizard WIZARD
① Select concentration
② Target volume
③ Solvent

Calculations per: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

Computational chemistry

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🔬 Purity Check Guide Quality control

Verify reagent purity using standardized analytical methods. Select a test method below and enter your measurement results for automated calculation.

🛡️ Safety — CAS 58-08-2
Data limitations notice. The safety information on this page is for reference only and does not replace a full safety data sheet (SDS). Before using the product, consult the manufacturer's current safety data sheet and the GHS/CLP guidance. The CLP classification applies to the pure bulk substance, not to commercial formulations.

GHS/CLP classification — Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).

⚠ Warning
GHS07 — Irritant / harmful
GHS07 Irritant / harmful

🚨 Hazard statements (H)

  • H302 — Harmful if swallowed

🛡 Precautionary statements (P)

  • P264 — Wash thoroughly after handling
  • P270 — Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product
  • P301+P312 — IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell
  • P330 — Rinse mouth
  • P501 — Dispose of contents/container to an approved waste collection point

✓ Harmonised classification pursuant to Annex VI of the CLP Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 (official, binding classification). Index number: 613-086-00-5.

Reference (Chicago): European Chemicals Agency. "caffeine, Index No. 613-086-00-5." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

Translations: CLP Regulation (EC) 1272/2008, Annexes III and IV. Data: PubChem/NLM.

📚 Consolidated scientific references — Chicago Author-Date 10 sources

References collected from all Safety Hub tabs. CAS: 58-08-2 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Regulations
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. First aid, Toxicology
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] First aid, PPE, Toxicology
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] PPE
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Disposal, Regulations
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Storage
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Storage
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. National rules — Poland [↗] Disposal
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Toxicology

Tabs with their own references (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) contain additional bibliographic entries within their respective sections.

📈 Analytical statistics (t-test · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

Paste a series of replicate measurements (CSV, or one number per line). The calculator computes the mean, standard deviation and 95% CI, and detects outliers (Grubbs + Dixon Q).

Separator: comma, space, tab, new line. Minimum 3 measurements.
📐 Statistical formulas
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — arithmetic mean
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — sample variance
  • s = √s² — standard deviation
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — relative standard deviation
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs' test
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

Source: ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 Buffer Recipe Calculator UNIQUE

Choose a buffer from the list of 20 popular systems → enter the target pH → get an exact recipe with the masses to weigh out.

Step 1: Choose a buffer system

📜 Recipe history (last 10)
🚚 Transport classification (ADR / IATA / IMDG)
✅ Not subject to transport regulations

This substance is classified as not dangerous for road (ADR), air (IATA), and sea (IMDG) transport.

Source: ADR 2025 (Not regulated)

🛣️ ADR Road Transport

Class:
Not regulated
📅 Project Planner — Lab Experiment Manager NEW

Plan your entire laboratory project: add experiments with reagents, replicates, and duration. You'll get a Gantt chart, a shopping list (with links to the store!), a budget with a 10% margin, and a GHS risk matrix.

🧪 Solubility and solvent compatibility
Molecule
Caffeine
Formula
C8H10N4O2
logP
-0.07
Mass (g/mol)
194.19
Polarity
Hydrophilic (polar)

⚠️ HSP estimate (literature / group contribution). Indicative data — does not replace experimental studies.

Ra < R₀ = good miscibility · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = borderline · above = poor (R₀ — radius of the Hansen sphere of this molecule) For this molecule R₀ = 9..

Solvent Compat. Ra Visual GC-MS HPLC Applications References
Water (H₂O)21.7 g/L (measured)30.8
✗ NoA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)~ Avg.9.8
✗ NoA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)~ Avg.12.9
✗ NoA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetone~ Avg.10.1
✗ NoB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)~ Avg.13.5
✗ NoB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSO+ Good7.3
✗ NoN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THF+ Good8.6
✗ NoB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)+ Good8.4
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)~ Avg.10.7
✓ YesN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexane− Poor18.9
✓ YesA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene− Poor14.4
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 Scientific references for solvents (Chicago Author-Date) — click to expand

11 solvents · 54 full citations (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — below.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — peripheral neuropathy (n-hexane is NOT an IARC carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
Solubility theory (applied in compatibility prediction):
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP triplet (dD, dP, dH) + Ra formula.
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solvatochromism.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution for dD/dP/dH from SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — Complete tabular set of 250+ solvents (ε, μ, donicity, acceptor numbers).
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 58-08-2 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Full bibliography in the REFERENCES accordion (at the bottom of the page) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

⚗️ Check reaction compatibility
2 0 0
Health: 2/4
Flammability: 0/4
Reactivity: 0/4
Per NFPA 704 / calculated from H-codes

Check whether Caffeine is compatible with another reagent

📦 Storage compatibility matrix
Acids Bases Oxidizers Flammable Toxic Gazy
Acids ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Bases ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
Oxidizers ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Flammable ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
Toxic ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ Can be stored together · ⚠ Caution · ✗ Do NOT store together · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

Compatibility data from: Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 Laboratory calculators (8)
Dilution (C₁V₁=C₂V₂)
Molarity (M=n/V)
pH Buffer (Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Beer-Lambert (A=εcl)
Mass → Moles
Concentration % → M
ppm → mg/L
Temperature C↔F↔K

Verified formulas: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 Spectroscopic Databases
📋 Laboratory protocol generator

Protocol generated based on: GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ Label generator (QR)
Caffeine• 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine / Guaranine• IUPAC: 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione• CAS: 58-08-2• EC: 200-362-1• Formula: C8H10N4O2• Mass: 194.19 g/molWARNINGGHS HAZARD STATEMENTS:H302: Harmful if swallowedP301+P312 P330 P501 P264 P270FOR LABORATORY USE ONLY!Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX Londonpure@molgod.orgmolgod.orgBatch No.: Net Mass:
⏳ Stability & Shelf Life Advisor Arrhenius
Methodology: Arrhenius equation k = A·exp(-Ea/RT). Cite: Connors KA et al. 1986 · ICH Q1A(R2)

Enter the storage conditions → the Arrhenius algorithm will predict the remaining concentration, half-life, and usage recommendation.

❄️ Storage recommendations
Temperature:
15-25°C
Container:
HDPE/glass, dry
Incompatible:
Strong oxidizers
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📚 Scientific literature overview — CAS 58-08-2
⭐ Key findings (scientific literature) 7 publications
🏆 CAS 58-08-2 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% citations · 20% recency · 20% topic · 15% historical · 15% open access.
  1. #1
    Nehlig, A. (2017) · Pharmacological Reviews
    Why it matters: Must-cite (canon) · 620 citations
    SCORE 13.08 Pharmacology MUST-CITE Citations: 620 DOI ↗
  2. #2
    Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use
    Fredholm, B.B.; Bättig, K.; Holmén, J.; Nehlig, A.; Zvartau, E.E. (1999) · Pharmacological Reviews
    Why it matters: Must-cite (canon) · high impact (2950 citations)
    SCORE 12.66 Mechanism MUST-CITE Citations: 2950
  3. #3
    Wikoff, D.; Welsh, B.T.; Henderson, R.; Brorby, G.P.; Britt, J. et al. (2018) · Food and Chemical Toxicology
    Why it matters: Must-cite (canon) · 540 citations · review
    SCORE 12.4 Review MUST-CITE Citations: 540 DOI ↗
  4. #4
    Heckman, M.A.; Weil, J.; Gonzalez de Mejia, E. (2010) · Journal of Food Science
    Why it matters: Must-cite (canon) · 850 citations · review
    SCORE 10.59 Review MUST-CITE Citations: 850 DOI ↗
  5. #5
    O'Callaghan, F.; Muurlink, O.; Reid, N. (2022) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
    Why it matters: Must-cite (canon) · 190 citations
    SCORE 10.44 Pharmacology MUST-CITE Citations: 190 DOI ↗
  6. #6
    Cappelletti, S.; Piacentino, D.; Sani, G.; Aromatario, M. (2010) · Current Neuropharmacology
    Why it matters: Must-cite (canon) · 480 citations
    SCORE 8.05 Pharmacology MUST-CITE Citations: 480 DOI ↗
  7. #7
    Belay, A.; Ture, K.; Redi, M.; Asfaw, A. (2008) · Food Chemistry
    Why it matters: Must-cite (canon) · 280 citations
    SCORE 7.35 Analytics MUST-CITE Citations: 280 DOI ↗

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Caffeine — CAS 58-08-2. Molecular structure, identifiers and data, an interactive 3D view and a free, ready-to-print 3D model on a display base.

Caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) at a glance

  • Substance – caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine)
  • CAS number – 58-08-2
  • Molecular formula – C8H10N4O2
  • Molar mass – 194.19 g/mol

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🌍 Worldwide occurrence (3)

Key regions of natural occurrence and industrial production for CAS 58-08-2.

Bibliography (Chicago)
  • U.S. Geological Survey. 2024. "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024." https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/.
  • British Geological Survey. 2023. "World Mineral Production 2018-2022." Keyworth: BGS.
  • International Energy Agency. 2023. "Critical Minerals Market Review 2023." https://www.iea.org/reports/critical-minerals-market-review-2023.
  • USGS. 2024. "Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data." U.S. Geological Survey. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/.
  • BGS. 2024. "World Mineral Statistics." British Geological Survey. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/.
  • Emsley, John. 2001. "Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements." Oxford University Press.
  • Wood, Eric J. 2013. "The Periodic Table and the Chemical Industry." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 14 (1): 5-16.
  • Tufte, Edward R. 2006. "Beautiful Evidence." Graphics Press.
  • Few, Stephen. 2009. "Now You See It: Simple Visualization Techniques for Quantitative Analysis." Analytics Press.
  • Mayer, Richard E. 2009. "Multimedia Learning." 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.
⚗️ Jonizacja w funkcji pH (Henderson-Hasselbalch)

Typ: Zasada · pKa: 14

024681012140%50%100%% zjonizowany% niejonowypH
pH% jonowy% niejonowy
0100.0 %0.0 %
2100.0 %0.0 %
4100.0 %0.0 %
6100.0 %0.0 %
8100.0 %0.0 %
10100.0 %0.0 %
1299.0 %1.0 %
1450.0 %50.0 %
Sources for this substance (8)
  • CRC Handbook 91st ed.
    Lide, David R., ed. 2010. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • CRC Handbook 105th ed.
    Haynes, William M., David R. Lide, and Thomas J. Bruno, eds. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • NIST WebBook — link
    Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook. NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  • PubChem CID 2519 — link
    Kim, Sunghwan, Jie Chen, Tiejun Cheng, Asta Gindulyte, Jia He, Siqian He, Qingliang Li, et al. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D1373-D1380. PubChem CID 2519.
  • DrugBank DB00201 — link
    Knox, Craig, Mike Wilson, Christen M. Klinger, Mark Franklin, Eponine Oler, Alex Wilson, Allison Pon, et al. 2024. "DrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1265-D1275. DrugBank ID DB00201.
  • ChEMBL CHEMBL113 — link
    Zdrazil, Barbara, Eloy Felix, Fiona Hunter, Emma J. Manners, James Blackshaw, Sybilla Corbett, Marleen de Veij, et al. 2024. "The ChEMBL Database in 2023." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1180-D1192. ChEMBL ID CHEMBL113.
  • IUPAC
    Perrin, Douglas D. 1965. Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC. London: Butterworths.
Bibliografia metody (Chicago)
  • Henderson, L. J. 1908. "Concerning the Relationship between the Strength of Acids and Their Capacity to Preserve Neutrality." American Journal of Physiology 21 (4): 173-179.
  • Hasselbalch, K. A. 1917. "Die Berechnung der Wasserstoffzahl des Blutes aus der freien und gebundenen Kohlensäure desselben." Biochemische Zeitschrift 78: 112-144.
  • Po, Henry N., and N. M. Senozan. 2001. "The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation: Its History and Limitations." Journal of Chemical Education 78 (11): 1499-1503.
  • Avdeef, Alex. 2012. "Absorption and Drug Development: Solubility, Permeability, and Charge State." 2nd ed. Wiley.
  • Avdeef, Alex. 2007. "Solubility of sparingly-soluble ionizable drugs." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 59 (7): 568-590.
  • Volgyi, Gergely, et al. 2007. "Potentiometric and spectrophotometric pKa determination of water-insoluble compounds." Analytica Chimica Acta 583 (2): 418-428.
  • Fini, Adamo, Giuseppe Fazio, and Giuseppina Feroci. 1997. "Solubility and solubilization properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae 70 (4): 305-318.
  • Mauger, John W., Anthony N. Paruta, and Robert J. Gerraughty. 1972. "Solubilities of sulfadiazine, sulfisomidine, and sulfadimethoxine." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 61 (1): 94-97.
  • Lyman, Warren J., William F. Reehl, and David H. Rosenblatt. 1990. "Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods." American Chemical Society.
  • Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. "The Properties of Solvents." Wiley.
  • Serjeant, E. P., and Boyd Dempsey. 1979. Ionisation Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC Chemical Data Series No. 23. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Perrin, Douglas D. 1965. Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC. London: Butterworths.
  • Goldberg, Robert N., Nand Kishore, and Rebecca Lennen. 2002. "Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 31 (2): 231-370.
  • Rumble, John R., Thomas J. Bruno, Maria J. Doa, and Donald R. Burgess, eds. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Lide, David R., ed. 2010. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Kim, Sunghwan, Jie Chen, Tiejun Cheng, Asta Gindulyte, Jia He, Siqian He, Qingliang Li, et al. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D1373-D1380.
  • Knox, Craig, Mike Wilson, Christen M. Klinger, Mark Franklin, Eponine Oler, Alex Wilson, Allison Pon, et al. 2024. "DrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1265-D1275.
  • Zdrazil, Barbara, Eloy Felix, Fiona Hunter, Emma J. Manners, James Blackshaw, Sybilla Corbett, Marleen de Veij, et al. 2024. "The ChEMBL Database in 2023." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1180-D1192.
  • Kanehisa, Minoru, Miho Furumichi, Yoko Sato, Masayuki Kawashima, and Mari Ishiguro-Watanabe. 2023. "KEGG for taxonomy-based analysis of pathways and genomes." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D587-D592.
  • Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook. NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  • Nelson, David L., and Michael M. Cox. 2017. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 7th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman.
📄 Certificates of Analysis (CoA) CAS 58-08-2 none

No certificates for this product in the database.

📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date) — click to expand

Batch management and laboratory certification standards — 13 independent sources (ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG).

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [link ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [link ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [link ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [link ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [link ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [link ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [link ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [link ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [link ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [link ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [link ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [link ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📈 UV-VIS spectrum predictor (200-400 nm) λmax 273 nm
0%25%50%75%100%200250300350400273 nmA = ε·c·lA / Aₘₐₓ (%)
CompoundCaffeine
λmax273 nm
λmin245 nm
εmax (M⁻¹·cm⁻¹)9,700
Solvent (query)water
Solvent (reference)water
Concentration (M)1e-4
Path length (cm)1
Curve FWHM56 nm

Model: Gaussian curve centered at λmax, scaled with the Beer-Lambert law A = ε · c · l. Transmittance T = 10^(-A) · 100%.

📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. Marcus GM, Hu FB, van Dam RM et al.. (2026). "Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.". Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001454 [DOI]
  2. Eichenwald E, Corwin M, McEntire B et al.. (2026). "Intermittent hypoxia and caffeine in infants born preterm: the ICAF Randomized Clinical Trial.". Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2025-329230 [DOI]
  3. Dai G, Luo M, Dai S et al.. (2026). "Prenatal caffeine exposure impairs neurodevelopment via glucocorticoid-driven epigenetic cascade suppressing astrocytic ABCG1 and cholesterol transport.". Metabolism: clinical and experimental. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156454 [DOI]
  4. Deng H, Wang L, Liu P et al.. (2025). "Caffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological markers.". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2566371 [DOI]
  5. Razazan R, Hemmatinafar M, Imanian B et al.. (2025). "Performance-enhancing effects of caffeine and L-Theanine among Iranian elite wrestlers: a focus on cognitive and specific physical performance.". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2564238 [DOI]
  6. Nawarathna GS, Ariyasinghe DI, Dassanayake TL. (2025). "High-dose L-theanine-caffeine combination improves neurobehavioural and neurophysiological measures of selective attention in acutely sleep-deprived young adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.". The British journal of nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114525104169 [DOI]
  7. Riaz I, Fayaz M, Zahid F et al.. (2025). "Acute effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure.". JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.20294 [DOI]
  8. Xu Y, Zhang L, Wang P et al.. (2025). "Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy adults: The moderating role of caffeine consumption.". Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119092 [DOI]
  9. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2023. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. [DOI]
  10. Mayerhöfer, Thomas G., Samir Pahlow, and Jürgen Popp. 2020. "The Bouguer-Beer-Lambert Law: Shining Light on the Obscure." ChemPhysChem 21 (18): 2029-2046. [DOI]
  11. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2017. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-305-57721-3.
  12. Lindon, John C., George E. Tranter, and David W. Koppenaal, eds. 2017. "Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry." 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-803224-4.
  13. Field, Leslie D., Sev Sternhell, and John R. Kalman. 2013. "Organic Structures from Spectra." 5th ed. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-96582-6.
  14. Reusch, William. 2013. "Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry: Spectroscopy." East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.
  15. Lampman, Gary M., Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, and James R. Vyvyan. 2010. "Spectroscopy." 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-88992-9.
  16. Kalsi, P. S. 2010. "Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds." 6th ed. New Delhi: New Age International. ISBN 978-81-224-2032-9.
  17. Williams, Dudley H., and Ian Fleming. 2008. "Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry." 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-711559-0.
  18. Sadek, Paul C. 2002. The HPLC Solvent Guide. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-41242-2.
  19. Banwell, Colin N., and Elaine M. McCash. 1994. "Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy." 4th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-707976-1.
  20. Perkampus, Heinz-Helmut. 1992. UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Its Applications. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77477-5.
  21. Fieser, Louis F. 1949. "Extension of Woodward's Rules for Prediction of Conjugated Diene Absorption." Journal of the American Chemical Society 71 (5): 1854-1857. [DOI]
  22. Woodward, Robert B. 1942. "Structure and the Absorption Spectra of Alpha,Beta-Unsaturated Ketones." Journal of the American Chemical Society 64 (1): 72-75. [DOI]
  23. Beer, August. 1852. "Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Flüssigkeiten." Annalen der Physik und Chemie 86: 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18521620505.
  24. Lambert, Johann Heinrich. 1760. Photometria. Augsburg: Sumptibus Vidae.

📖 The λmax = 273 nm value comes from a database or the literature. No independent cross-check (NIST / CrossRef / PubChem) — cross-verification unavailable.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/spectra/uv-vis/58-08-2?solvent=water&path_length_cm=1

☣️ Toxicity (LD50 / LC50) GHS Cat 3 — Moderate
LD50
192 mg/kg[1]
Gatunek / droga
Rat / doustnie
Klasyfikacja
Moderately toxic[2][3]
Skala GHS (Acute Toxicity, oral, mg/kg bw):
Cat 1 (≤5)
Cat 2 (5–50)
Cat 3 (50–300)
Cat 4 (300–2000)
Cat 5 (2000–5000)

Source: Peters 1967, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.; ChemView (EPA 2024) (1967). CAS 58-08-2.

LD50/LC50 data are for guidance only; they do not replace the safety data sheet (SDS) or expert toxicological assessment. GHS classification for the oral route (mg/kg bw) per UN GHS, 10th rev. 2023, Annex 1 §3.1.1.

Bibliography (Chicago)
  1. U.S. EPA. 2024. "ChemView." Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  2. United Nations. 2023. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)." 10th rev. ed. New York: UN.
  3. Hodge, Harold C., and James H. Sterner. 1949. "Tabulation of toxicity classes." American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly 10 (4): 93-96.
Further sources (methodology, not cited directly):
  • U.S. EPA. 2024. "ChemView." https://chemview.epa.gov/.
  • Lipnick, Robert L., et al. 1995. "Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures." Food and Chemical Toxicology 33 (3): 223-231.
  • ATSDR. 2024. "Toxicological Profiles." Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/.
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press.
  • Lewis, Richard J. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." 12th ed. Wiley.
  • IARC. 2024. "Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans." International Agency for Research on Cancer (classification criteria for carcinogenicity: IARC Group 1/2A/2B).
  • Pohanish, Richard P. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." 7th ed. Elsevier.
  • Bingham, Eula, Barbara Cohrssen, and Charles H. Powell, eds. 2012. "Patty's Toxicology." 6th ed. Wiley.
  • WHO. 2023. "Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard." World Health Organization (zgodne z UN GHS Annex 1 §3.1.1).
⚠️ Drug interactions (1)

Known pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions for CAS 58-08-2 according to consensus clinical sources. This information is educational — it does not replace medical consultation.

Evidence scale (Hansten & Horn)
A — randomized controlled trials · B — non-randomized clinical / PK studies · C — case reports · D — theoretical/mechanism-based
  • Theophylline
    ModerateEL: A
    Partner CAS: 58-55-9 · DrugBank DB00277 · PubChem 2153 · ChEMBL

    Mechanism: Both antagonize adenosine A1/A2A receptors and inhibit phosphodiesterase (PDE3/4). Caffeine inhibits CYP1A2 and competes for the same metabolic pathway as theophylline (demethylation).

    Clinical effect: Increased CNS stimulation, tachycardia, tremor, insomnia, risk of theophylline toxicity (seizures, arrhythmias).

    Management: Limit caffeine to < 200 mg/d during theophylline therapy. Monitor theophylline levels (therapeutic 5–15 μg/mL).

    Source: Stockley 2021; Indiana University P450 Table
Bibliography (Chicago)
  • Hansten, Philip D., and John R. Horn. 2024. "The Top 100 Drug Interactions: A Guide to Patient Management." H&H Publications.
  • Stockley, Ivan H., ed. 2021. "Stockley's Drug Interactions." 12th ed. Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Indiana University. 2024. "P450 Drug Interaction Table." https://drug-interactions.medicine.iu.edu/.
  • Lexicomp. 2024. "Lexicomp Drug Interactions Database." Wolters Kluwer.
  • U.S. FDA. 2023. "Drug Development and Drug Interactions Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers." https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-interactions-labeling/drug-development-and-drug-interactions-table-substrates-inhibitors-and-inducers.
  • Goldfrank, Lewis R., et al. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies." 11th ed. McGraw-Hill (rozdz. Drug Interactions — synergie + antagonizmy w zatruciach mieszanych).
  • Olson, Kent R., et al. 2018. "Poisoning & Drug Overdose." 7th ed. McGraw-Hill (clinical management of interactions in overdose).
  • Dollery, Colin, ed. 1999. "Therapeutic Drugs." 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone (reference monograph on pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions).
  • Rosenstock, Linda, et al. 2005. "Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine." 2nd ed. Elsevier Saunders (occupational + drug exposure interakcje).
  • Lippmann, Morton. 2009. "Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects." 3rd ed. Wiley (modulation of CYP3A4/CYP2D6 by environmental exposures).
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press (in vitro screening DDI: rola P-gp, BCRP).
Data from PubChemSource: PubChem (NIH)
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📚 REFERENCES (Aggregate bibliography, Chicago Author-Date) 79 items

All scientific sources cited in the accordions above for CAS 58-08-2. Format: Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date system.

🗄️ Scientific databases

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 58-08-2. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=58-08-2.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 58-08-2. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 58-08-2. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=58-08-2.

📐 Standards / Guidelines

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 Books

  1. O'Neil, Maryadele J., ed. 2013. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th ed.. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  3. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  4. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780471879558.
  5. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  6. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 Scientific articles (peer-reviewed)

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 Websites

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. ECHA — Annex VI to CLP (harmonised classification, ATP 23; 2026-07-07) https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  12. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  13. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  14. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  15. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  16. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  17. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  18. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  19. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
  20. Heckert, N. A., and J. J. Filliben. 2003. "NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods." NIST Handbook 151. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
  21. Grubbs, Frank E. 1950. "Sample Criteria for Testing Outlying Observations." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (1): 27–58.
  22. Dixon, Wilfrid J. 1950. "Analysis of Extreme Values." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (4): 488–506.
  23. Snedecor, George W., and William G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
  24. Student [William Sealy Gosset]. 1908. "The Probable Error of a Mean." Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25.
  25. International Organization for Standardization. 2005. "ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and Symbols — Part 1: General Statistical Terms and Terms Used in Probability." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/40145.html.
  26. Thompson, Michael, Stephen L. R. Ellison, and Roger Wood. 2002. "Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 835–855.
  27. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2024. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Applicable as from 1 January 2025 (ECE/TRANS/352). Geneva: UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025-edition.
  28. International Air Transport Association. 2026. Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). 67th ed. Montreal: IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/.
  29. International Maritime Organization. 2024. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, 2024 Edition (Amendment 42-24). London: IMO. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx.
  30. United Nations. 2025. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations (Orange Book). 24th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.24. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-model-regulations.
  31. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2025. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284). 2025–2026 ed. Montreal: ICAO. https://www.icao.int/safety/DangerousGoods/Pages/technical-instructions.aspx.
  32. European Commission. 2014. "Commission Decision 2014/955/EU on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC." Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014D0955.
  33. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2020. "Rozporządzenie Ministra Klimatu z dnia 2 stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów." Dziennik Ustaw RP 2020 poz. 10. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20200000010. National rules — Poland
  34. Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ). 2024. "Baza Danych O Odpadach (BDO) — System rejestracji firm utylizacyjnych." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. https://bdo.mos.gov.pl/. National rules — Poland
  35. Polska — Sejm RP. 2012. "Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. o odpadach." Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21 (z późn. zm.). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20130000021. National rules — Poland
  36. Furr, A. Keith, ed.. 2000. "CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety." CRC Press.
  37. Pohanish, Richard P.. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." Elsevier.
  38. Lewis, Richard J.. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." Wiley.
  39. NIOSH. 2024. "Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/.
  40. OSHA. 2024. "Occupational Chemical Database — Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOPER)." Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata.
  41. European Parliament and Council. 2008. "Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive)." Official Journal of the European Union L 312/3. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098.
  42. European Parliament and Council. 2009. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures." Official Journal of the European Union L 353. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1272.
  43. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2023. "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/standards/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025.
  44. IPCS INCHEM. 2024. "International Programme on Chemical Safety — Waste Management Guidelines." WHO/UNEP/ILO. https://www.inchem.org/.
  45. European Parliament and Council. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 on Shipments of Waste." Official Journal of the European Union L 190: 1–98. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006R1013.
  46. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q7%20Guideline.pdf.
  47. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  48. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/trs957-annex3.
  49. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  50. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  51. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q6A%20Guideline.pdf.
  52. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q10%20Guideline.pdf.
  53. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-211.
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  55. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  56. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  57. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. https://picscheme.org/en/publications.
  58. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. https://ipecamericas.org/sites/default/files/IPECPQGGMPGuide2017.pdf.
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COMPUTED — PubChem3D · 3D conformer computed by PubChem using OMEGA; not an experimental structure.
Model
caffeine · 58-08-2
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RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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STL generated by MolGod · MolGod STL Exporter build 48804cd20b0d · generated 2026-10-14
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9aa8d8a1e01adc890f457a9e603129e4da7b8b6296b3a63040914176e7c77ac6
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