etanolo — etichetta CAS 64-17-5
ethanol — label CAS 64-17-5

Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)

Ethanol Absolute. CAS 64-17-5.

Free, and generated automatically from the sources listed on this page. No person has reviewed it, and it describes the substance in general — not your material, your process or your intended market.

REACH 2020/878
v4 · 21.10.2026

Sezione 9 — proprietà chimico-fisiche: 16 su 22 stabilite.

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🧬 Visualizzatore di molecole 3D
Caricamento molecola...
Modello 3D Ethanol, CAS 64-17-5, formula molecolare C2H6O, massa molare 46.07 g/mol

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  • Etanolo (CAS 64-17-5) – modello 3D a sfere e bastoncini, MolGod Viewer
    modello 3D a sfere e bastoncini
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    modello 3D scheletrico
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  • Etanolo (CAS 64-17-5) – struttura 2D, MolGod Viewer
    struttura 2D

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📊 Dati chimico-fisici — CAS 64-17-5
📊 Proprietà fisico-chimiche

Riferimento rapido

Formula: C2H6O
MW: 46.07 g/mol
CAS: 64-17-5
Aspetto: Liquido limpido, incolore, molto mobile
Odore: Gradevole

Proprietà dettagliate

Integrazione della tabella «Proprietà fisico-chimiche (database)» qui sotto — i valori già mostrati non vengono ripetuti.

Proprietà Valore Unità Conditions Source
Indice di rifrazione (nD) 1.3614[1][2] 20 °C, D-line Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
🔬 Proprietà avanzate

Identificatori chimici

SMILES: CCO

Fonti dei dati: Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)

Ultimo aggiornamento: 2026-09-02

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (2 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ si applica a: Indice di rifrazione (nD)
  2. Yaws, C.L. Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier (Gulf Professional Publishing), 2014. si applica a: Indice di rifrazione (nD)
Panoramica chimica: Ethanol
Formula molecolareC2H6O[1]
Peso molecolare46.07 g/mol[1]
Punto di fusione-114.14 °C[1][2][3][4]
Punto di ebollizione78.29 °C (760 mmHg)[1][2][3][4]
Densità0.7893 g/cm³[1][2][4]
LogP (lipofilia)-0.31[1]
pKa15.9
Nome IUPACethanol[1]
SMILESCCO[1]
InChIKeyLFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

Sinonimi: Alcohol · Ethyl alcohol

Fonti dei dati: PubChem (NLM/NIH), Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Ultimo aggiornamento: 2026-10-08

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (4 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ si applica a: Formula molecolare · Peso molecolare · Punto di fusione · Punto di ebollizione · Densità · LogP (lipofilia) · Nome IUPAC · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. DECHEMA, PTB, and BAM. CHEMSAFE - Database of Evaluated Safety Characteristics for the Avoidance of Explosions. Frankfurt am Main: DECHEMA e.V.; Braunschweig/Berlin: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt and Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung. ↗ si applica a: Punto di fusione · Punto di ebollizione · Densità
  3. NIST. Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗ si applica a: Punto di fusione · Punto di ebollizione
  4. Yaws, C.L. Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier (Gulf Professional Publishing), 2014. si applica a: Punto di fusione · Punto di ebollizione · Densità

RICERCA SCIENTIFICA

[1]PubMed2026
Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.
Cibin I, Spaepen S, Steensels J et al.. (2026). "Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.". Current opinion in biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103525
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[2]PubMed2026
Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.
Krag A, Åberg F, Mellinger J et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.". JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.12038
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[3]PubMed2026
A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.
Chouhan NS, Mitra W, Singh K et al.. (2026). "A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.". Current biology : CB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.06.069
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[4]PubMed2026
Lactic acid bacteria and endogenous ethanol mediate proton pump inhibitor-associated MASLD: a multicohort cross-sectional mediation analysis.
Davids M, Herrema H, K Groen A et al.. (2026). "Lactic acid bacteria and endogenous ethanol mediate proton pump inhibitor-associated MASLD: a multicohort cross-sectional mediation analysis.". Gut micr
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[5]PubMed2026
Translational evidence for increased central amygdala IL-6 activity in alcohol dependence.
St Onge CM, Erikson C, Cruz B et al.. (2026). "Translational evidence for increased central amygdala IL-6 activity in alcohol dependence.". Journal of neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[6]PubMed2026
Innate immune sensing of dietary alcohol ignites inflammation to drive alcohol-related disease.
Jang Y, Bae H, Oh S et al.. (2026). "Innate immune sensing of dietary alcohol ignites inflammation to drive alcohol-related disease.". Science advances. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea3979
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[7]PubMed2026
Ethanol-Responsive Nanostructures in Glycerol Monooleate/Triolein Dispersions.
Kadakia P, Peterek M, Salentinig S. (2026). "Ethanol-Responsive Nanostructures in Glycerol Monooleate/Triolein Dispersions.". Molecular nutrition & food research. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70502
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[8]PubMed2026
Ginsenoside Rg5 Ameliorates Ferroptosis in Ethanol-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Activating FTO-YTHDF2-Nrf2 Signal.
Shan GY, Zhang YX, Wan H et al.. (2026). "Ginsenoside Rg5 Ameliorates Ferroptosis in Ethanol-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Activating FTO-YTHDF2-Nrf2 Signal.". Phytotherapy research : PTR. https://doi
Vai allo studio completo ↗
📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) 15 refs · 2 baz

MOLECULE Bibliografia per-CAS (live da 13+ banche dati)

Fonti: db:pubmed (14) · db:Europe PMC (1)

  1. db:pubmed Cibin I, Spaepen S, Steensels J et al.. (2026). "Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.". Current opinion in biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103525 →
  2. db:pubmed Krag A, Åberg F, Mellinger J et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.". JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.12038 →
  3. db:pubmed Chouhan NS, Mitra W, Singh K et al.. (2026). "A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.". Current biology : CB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.06.069 →
  4. db:pubmed Davids M, Herrema H, K Groen A et al.. (2026). "Lactic acid bacteria and endogenous ethanol mediate proton pump inhibitor-associated MASLD: a multicohort cross-sectional mediation analysis.". Gut microbes. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2026.2664712 →
  5. db:pubmed St Onge CM, Erikson C, Cruz B et al.. (2026). "Translational evidence for increased central amygdala IL-6 activity in alcohol dependence.". Journal of neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-026-03868-2 →
  6. db:pubmed Jang Y, Bae H, Oh S et al.. (2026). "Innate immune sensing of dietary alcohol ignites inflammation to drive alcohol-related disease.". Science advances. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea3979 →
  7. db:pubmed Kadakia P, Peterek M, Salentinig S. (2026). "Ethanol-Responsive Nanostructures in Glycerol Monooleate/Triolein Dispersions.". Molecular nutrition & food research. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70502 →
  8. db:pubmed Shan GY, Zhang YX, Wan H et al.. (2026). "Ginsenoside Rg5 Ameliorates Ferroptosis in Ethanol-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Activating FTO-YTHDF2-Nrf2 Signal.". Phytotherapy research : PTR. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70373 →
  9. db:pubmed Li Y, Jia H, Zhao T et al.. (2026). "Lactobacillus rhamnosus JM023 Postbiotic-Loaded Sodium Alginate Hydrogel for Alleviating Alcoholic Gastric Ulcers.". Advanced healthcare materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.71236 →
  10. db:pubmed Ma J, Yue X, Wu Y et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Induced Metabolic Stress Sensed by m6A-Modified ChREBP Drives Immune Evasion in Esophageal Carcinogenesis.". Cancer research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-4717 →
  11. db:pubmed Ai X, Wu T, Li Y et al.. (2026). "Fucoidan attenuates alcohol-induced liver injury via PON1/HDL/NF-κB axis.". Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2026.158265 →
  12. db:pubmed Reil JC, Sequeira V, Coppée C et al.. (2026). "Mavacamten Versus Alcohol Septal Ablation in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Echocardiography-Derived Pressure-Volume Analysis.". Circulation. Heart failure. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.125.013392 →
  13. db:pubmed Bossom IRL, DiBonaventura F, Hagen AEF et al.. (2026). "The dose-response effects of alcohol on positive and depressed affect in major depressive disorder.". Behaviour research and therapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2026.105065 →
  14. db:pubmed Huh E, Ju IG, Kim SH et al.. (2026). "Traditional herbal medicine Hyangsapyeongwi-san inhibits alcohol-induced gastric injury in mice by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.". Journal of ethnopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2026.121961 →
  15. db:Europe PMC (2004). "Toxicology and carcinogensis. Studies of urethane, ethanol, and urethane/ethanol (urethane, CAS No. 51-79-6; ethanol, CAS No. 64-17-5) in B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies).".
Stato normativo della sostanza
Questa sostanza è soggetta a requisiti normativi: gestione dei rifiuti pericolosi (BDO — norma nazionale, Polonia); trasporto di merci pericolose (ADR/RID/IMDG). Dettagli nella sezione "Stato normativo (REACH/ECHA/CLP)" e nella scheda SDS. Informazione normativa — non limita l'acquisto nel negozio.
🧮 Calcolatore stechiometrico
🧪 Dati chimici
Numero CAS
64-17-5
Formula molecolare
C2H6O
Massa molare
46.07 g/mol
Nome IUPAC (EN)
ethanol
SMILES
CCO
InChIKey
LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📚 Related literature (1 articolo)

Matched automatically from public bibliographic databases by text similarity. Not curated for this substance, and not part of the safety data sheet.

Filtra:
Ordina:
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Density
0.7893 g/cm³ @ 20°C

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-09-02

🔍 Identificatori esterni
14 su 16 sistemi ID88%
DatabaseIdentificatoreAzioni
CAS Registry Number64-17-5Apri →
PubChem CID702[1]Apri →
InChIKeyLFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]Apri →
InChIInChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3[1]
SMILESCCO[1]
EC Number200-578-6[2]Apri →
DrugBankDB00898Apri →
KEGG CompoundD00068Apri →
HMDBHMDB0000108Apri →
ChemSpider682[3]Apri →
MeSH UID (NLM)D000431Apri →
UNII (FDA)3K9958V90MApri →
NSC Number (NCI)85228Apri →
WikiData QIDQ153Apri →

Fonti: PubChem (NIH), Wikidata SPARQL, KEGG, ChEMBL (EBI), CompTox CTX (EPA).

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (3 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ si applica a: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ si applica a: EC Number
  3. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ si applica a: ChemSpider

Ulteriori letture

Pubblicazioni tematicamente correlate a questo CAS. Non sono la fonte di alcun valore riportato in questa scheda.

Bibliografia (estesa) (2)

  1. ★★★★☆ Curated literature 💰 Paywall (probable) ✓ verificato Wang, M.L.; Wang, J.T.; Choong, Y.M.. 2002. "A rapid and accurate method for determination of methanol in alcoholic beverages using headspace gas chromatography." Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. link [consultato: 2026-11-07]
  2. ★☆☆☆☆ Curated literature ❓ ? ✓ verificato Lachenmeier, D.W.; Sohnius, E.M.. 2007. "The role of acetaldehyde outside ethanol metabolism in the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages." Food and Chemical Toxicology. link [consultato: 2026-11-07]
📡 Spettroscopia — CAS 64-17-5
📊 Spettri (NMR, IR, MS, UV-Vis) (1)

Tipi di spettri disponibili: IR

Spettro IR (KBr, 4000-400 cm⁻¹)

440 punti dati · Fonte: NIST WebBook · NIST ↗ · 📥 JCAMP-DX
🎓 Guida all'interpretazione degli spettri (per studenti)
Come leggere uno spettro IR
  • 3200-3600 cm⁻¹ — stiramento O-H (picco allargato = legame a idrogeno)
  • 2850-3000 cm⁻¹ — stiramento C-H (sp³)
  • 1650-1750 cm⁻¹ — stiramento C=O (chetoni, aldeidi, esteri)
  • 1400-1600 cm⁻¹ — vibrazioni dell'anello aromatico
  • 1000-1300 cm⁻¹ — stiramento C-O (eteri, alcoli)
  • Nessun assorbimento = gruppo funzionale assente → confrontare con un riferimento

Fonti: LibreTexts ↗, Silverstein (Spectrometric ID) ↗

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (7 sources)
  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2024. "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69." Gaithersburg, MD: NIST. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  2. Spectral Database for Organic Structure Determination (SDBS). 2024. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  3. Ulrich, Eldon L., Hideo Akutsu, John F. Doreleijers, Yoko Harano, Yannis E. Ioannidis, Jundong Lin, Miron Livny, et al. 2008. "BioMagResBank." Nucleic Acids Research 36 (D1): D402–D408. [DOI ↗]
  4. Horai, Hisayuki, Masanori Arita, Shigehiko Kanaya, Yoshito Nihei, Tasuku Ikeda, Kazuhiro Suwa, Yuya Ojima, et al. 2010. "MassBank: A Public Repository for Sharing Mass Spectral Data for Life Sciences." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 45 (7): 703–714. [DOI ↗]
  5. Linstrom, P.J., and W.G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗
  6. McDonald, M. Shane, Mike McAvoy, and Ajit Bhalerao. 1988. "JCAMP-DX: A Standard Form for Exchange of Infrared Spectra in Computer Readable Form." Applied Spectroscopy 42 (1): 151–162. [DOI ↗]
  7. PubChem. 2024. "PubChem Compound Database." National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
Proprietà strutturali
ParametroValoreUnità
Formula molecolareC2H6O
Massa molare46.07g/mol
Massa esatta46.041864811Da
Massa monoisotopica46.041864811Da
Superficie polare topologica (TPSA)20.2000Ų
XLogP3-0.1000
Indice di complessità2.8
Donatori di legami a idrogeno1
Accettori di legami a idrogeno1
Legami rotabili0
Atomi pesanti3
Centri stereogenici (atomi)0
Centri stereogenici (legami)0
Volume 3D41.5000ų
Numero di conformeri 3D1
RMSD del modello di conformero0.4000Å
Rotori 3D effettivi0
Accettori di legami a idrogeno (3D)1
Donatori di legami a idrogeno (3D)1
Anelli (3D)0
Centri idrofobici (3D)0
Quadrupolo sterico 3D (X/Y/Z)1.48 / 0.75 / 0.58Ų

Fonte: Proprietà calcolate PubChem, CID 702

❓ Domande frequenti (3)
What is ethanol?
ethanol (CAS 64-17-5) is a chemical compound. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
Utile?
What is the CAS number of ethanol?
The CAS number for ethanol is 64-17-5. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
Utile?
How should ethanol be stored?
ethanol should be stored as its safety data sheet directs — typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
Utile?
➕ Suggerisci una domanda
Scarica i file di struttura

File di struttura molecolare dal database PubChem (NIH). Compatibili con i programmi: Avogadro, PyMOL, Jmol, ChemDraw.

Fonte: PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH). CID: 702

🔄 Convertitore di unità di concentrazione LIVE

Inserisci la concentrazione Ethanol in qualsiasi unità — il resto verrà calcolato automaticamente.

MW: 46.07 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ Formule di conversione + citazioni (per formula)
ConversionFormulaAccuratezzaSource
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 Bibliografia (8 fonti autorevoli)
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811e2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
Strutture molecolari simili

Caricamento di strutture simili...

🧪 Procedura guidata di preparazione della soluzione WIZARD
① Seleziona la concentrazione
② Volume finale
③ Solvente

Calcoli secondo: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

Chimica computazionale

Descrittori molecolari

ParametroValoreUnità
XLogP3 (lipofilia)-0.10
idrofilo (preferisce la fase acquosa)
Superficie polare topologica (TPSA)20.20Ų
bassa polarità, buona penetrazione della barriera emato-encefalica
Indice di complessità2.8
Carica formale0
molecola neutra

Regola di Lipinski (Rule of Five)

CriterioValoreRegolaStato
Massa molare46.07 g/mol<= 500✓
XLogP3-0.10<= 5✓
Donatori di legami a idrogeno1<= 5✓
Accettori di legami a idrogeno1<= 10✓

Il composto soddisfa la regola di Lipinski — biodisponibilità orale potenzialmente buona.

Caratteristiche farmacoforiche 3D

ParametroValoreUnità
Accettori di legami a idrogeno (3D)1
Donatori di legami a idrogeno (3D)1
Anelli (3D)0
Centri idrofobici (3D)0
Centri anionici (3D)0
Centri cationici (3D)0

Forma e volume

ParametroValoreUnità
Volume 3D41.50ų
Legami rotabili0
Atomi pesanti3

Le interpretazioni della TPSA e la regola di Lipinski sono regole empiriche per farmaci orali a basso peso molecolare (Lipinski 1997, Veber 2002, Kelder 1999). Non costituiscono una valutazione dell'assorbimento né della tossicità di questa sostanza — i dati di sicurezza sono riportati nella scheda di dati di sicurezza.

Fonte: Proprietà calcolate PubChem, CID 702

🔬 Guida al controllo della purezza Controllo qualità

Verifica la purezza del reagente utilizzando metodi analitici standardizzati. Seleziona un metodo di analisi qui sotto e inserisci i risultati delle misurazioni per il calcolo automatico.

🛡️ Sicurezza — CAS 64-17-5
Avviso sulle limitazioni dei dati. Le informazioni sulla sicurezza contenute in questa pagina hanno carattere informativo e non sostituiscono la scheda di dati di sicurezza (SDS) completa. Prima di utilizzare il prodotto, consultare la scheda di dati di sicurezza aggiornata del produttore e le linee guida GHS/CLP. La classificazione CLP riguarda la sostanza pura bulk, non i preparati commerciali.

Classificazione GHS/CLP — Regolamento (CE) n. 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).

⚠️ Pericolo (Danger)
GHS02 — Infiammabile
GHS02 Infiammabile

🚨 Indicazioni di pericolo (H)

  • H225 — Liquido e vapori facilmente infiammabili.

🛡 Consigli di prudenza (P)

  • P210 — Tenere lontano da fonti di calore, superfici calde, scintille, fiamme libere o altre fonti di accensione. Non fumare.
  • P233 — Tenere il recipiente ben chiuso.
  • P240 — Mettere a terra e a massa il contenitore e il dispositivo ricevente.
  • P280 — Indossare guanti/indumenti protettivi/Proteggere gli occhi/il viso.
  • P303+P361+P353 — IN CASO DI CONTATTO CON LA PELLE (o con i capelli): Togliere immediatamente tutti gli indumenti contaminati.; Sciacquare la pelle [o fare una doccia].
  • P370+P378 — In caso di incendio: Utilizzare … per estinguere.
  • P403+P235 — Conservare in luogo ben ventilato.: Conservare in luogo fresco.
  • P501 — Smaltire il prodotto/recipiente in …

✓ Classificazione armonizzata ai sensi dell'allegato VI del regolamento CLP (CE) 1272/2008 (classificazione ufficiale, vincolante). Numero indice: 603-002-00-5.

Riferimento (Chicago): European Chemicals Agency. "ethanol; ethyl alcohol, Index No. 603-002-00-5." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

Traduzioni: Regolamento CLP (CE) 1272/2008, Allegato III e IV. Dati: PubChem/NLM.

📚 Riferimenti scientifici consolidati — Chicago Author-Date 10 sources

Riferimenti raccolti da tutte le schede del Safety Hub. CAS: 64-17-5 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Normative
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Primo soccorso, Tossicologia
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Primo soccorso, DPI, Tossicologia
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] DPI
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Smaltimento, Normative
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Stoccaggio
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Stoccaggio
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. Norme nazionali — Polonia [↗] Smaltimento
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Tossicologia

Le schede con riferimenti propri (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) contengono ulteriori voci bibliografiche all'interno delle rispettive sezioni.

📈 Statistica analitica (t-test · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

Incolla una serie di misure replicate (CSV oppure un numero per riga). Il calcolatore calcolerà la media, la deviazione standard e il 95% CI, e rileverà gli outlier (Grubbs + Dixon Q).

Separatore: virgola, spazio, tab, nuova riga. Min 3 misurazioni.
📐 Formule statistiche
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — media aritmetica
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — varianza campionaria
  • s = √s² — deviazione standard
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — deviazione standard relativa
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — test di Grubbs
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

Fonte: ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 Calcolatore di ricette per tamponi UNIQUE
Bibliografia: Valori di pKa da Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

Scegli un tampone dall'elenco di 20 sistemi popolari → inserisci il pH target → otterrai una ricetta esatta con le masse da pesare.

Passo 1: Scegli un sistema tampone

📜 Cronologia delle ricette (ultime 10)
🚚 Classificazione di trasporto (ADR / IATA / IMDG) UN 1170
Numero UN
UN 1170
Ethanol or ethanol solution
Flammable
Source: ADR 2025 Tabela A (adr_dangerous_goods.json)

🛣️ ADR Trasporto stradale

Classe:
3
Gruppo di imballaggio:
II
Nome di spedizione:
Ethanol or ethanol solution
Codice galleria:
(D/E)
Limited Quantity (L):
1

✈️ IATA Trasporto aereo

Classe:
3
Istruzioni di imballaggio:
353 / 364
Quantità max (PAX):
5 L
Quantità max (CAO):
60 L

🚢 IMDG Trasporto marittimo

Classe:
3
EmS Code:
F-E, S-D

Fonti: ADR 2025 ↗ · IATA DGR ↗ · IMDG Code ↗

📅 Project Planner — Gestore degli esperimenti di laboratorio NOVITÀ

Pianifica l'intero progetto di laboratorio: aggiungi esperimenti con reagenti, repliche e durata. Otterrai un diagramma di Gantt, una lista degli acquisti (con link al negozio!), un budget con un margine del 10% e una matrice dei rischi GHS.

🧪 Solubilità e compatibilità con i solventi
Molecola
Ethanol
Formula
C2H6O
logP
-0.31
Massa (g/mol)
46.07
Polarità
Idrofila (polare)

⚠️ Stima HSP (letteratura / group contribution). Dati indicativi — non sostituiscono le prove sperimentali.

Ra < R₀ = buona miscibilità · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = al limite · oltre = scarsa (R₀ — raggio della sfera di Hansen di questa molecola) Per questa molecola R₀ = 7.5.

Solvente Compat. Ra Visuale GC-MS HPLC Applications Riferimenti
Water (H₂O)miscibile24.0
✗ NoA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)miscibile0.0
✗ NoA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)+ Buona4.8
✗ NoA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetone− Scarsa12.5
✗ NoB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)− Scarsa16.2
✗ NoB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSO− Scarsa13.0
✗ NoN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THF− Scarsa12.0
✗ NoB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)− Scarsa14.4
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)− Scarsa15.4
✓ YesN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexane− Scarsa21.4
✓ YesA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene− Scarsa19.4
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 Riferimenti scientifici per i solventi (Chicago Author-Date) — clicca per espandere

11 solventi · 54 citazioni complete (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — di seguito.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia periferica (l'n-esano NON è un cancerogeno secondo la IARC)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
Teoria della solubilità (applicata nella previsione della compatibilità):
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — Tripletta HSP (dD, dP, dH) + formula Ra.
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solvatochromism.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution for dD/dP/dH from SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — Set tabulare completo di 250+ solventi (ε, μ, donicità, numeri di accettore).
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 64-17-5 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Bibliografia completa nell'accordion RIFERIMENTI (in fondo alla pagina) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

⚗️ Verifica la compatibilità della reazione
0 3 0
Salute: 0/4
Infiammabilità: 3/4
Reattività: 0/4
Secondo NFPA 704 / calcolato dai codici H

Verifica se Ethanol è compatibile con un altro reagente

📦 Matrice di compatibilità di stoccaggio
Acidi Bases Ossidanti Infiammabile Tossico Gazy
Acidi ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Bases ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
Ossidanti ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Infiammabile ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
Tossico ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ Conservabili insieme · ⚠ Attenzione · ✗ NON conservare insieme · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

Dati di compatibilità da: Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 Calcolatori da laboratorio (8)
Dilution (C₁V₁=C₂V₂)
Molarità (M=n/V)
Tampone pH (Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Beer-Lambert (A=εcl)
Massa → Moli
Concentration % → M
ppm → mg/L
Temperatura C↔F↔K

Formule verificate: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 Database di spettri spettroscopici
📋 Generatore di protocolli di laboratorio

Protocollo generato sulla base di: GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ Generatore di etichette (QR)
Etanolo• Alcohol / Ethyl alcohol• IUPAC: ethanol• CAS: 64-17-5• EC: 200-578-6• Formula: C2H6O• Massa: 46.07 g/molPERICOLOINDICAZIONI DI PERICOLO GHS:H225: Liquido e vapori facilmente infiammabili.P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P280 P501 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240Solo per uso di laboratorio!Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX Londonpure@molgod.orgmolgod.orgN. lotto: Massa netta:
Incidenti storici (CSB/EPA/Bretherick)

Il database contiene esclusivamente incidenti industriali e di laboratorio gravi (CSB, EPA RMP, Bretherick). L'assenza di un record NON significa che la sostanza sia sicura — il database è incompleto.

Incidenti storici (1)

  1. 2005-03-23 Texas City, Texas, USA (BP Products North America refinery, ISOM unit) Catastrofica explosion
    Sostanze: Hydrocarbon raffinate (ethanol-grade isomerate) (CAS 64-17-5) + Oxygen / atmospheric air (CAS 7782-44-7)
    15 vittime 180 feriti

    Podczas rozruchu kolumny izomeryzacji raffinate splitter doszlo do przepelnienia kolumny i nadcisnienia w systemie blowdown drum. Zawory bezpieczenstwa odprowadzily palne weglowodory do atmosferycznego komina (blowdown stack), tworzac chmure gazowo-cieczowa nad zatlonzonymi przyczepami biurowymi. Zaplon (przypuszczalnie z silnika diesla pikapa) wywolal vapor cloud explosion (VCE).

    Causa radice: Atmosferyczny blowdown stack zamiast flare. Brak kalibracji wskaznikow poziomu w kolumnie. 5 dni przedluzonego rozruchu z brakiem snu obslugi. Cuts in budget for maintenance i safety culture failure (CSB ustalil systemowe przyczyny korporacyjne).
    Lezioni apprese: Eliminacja atmospheric blowdown stacks (zastapienie flare). Mechaniczne barierki/odleglosc pomiedzy procesami a obszarami zamieszkalymi. Process Safety Management (PSM) audity nie moga byc tylko papierowe.
    Fonte primaria: U.S. Chemical Safety Board (CSB) Investigation Report No. 2005-04-I-TX
    Bibliografia (Chicago autore-data)
    • U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. 2007. Investigation Report: Refinery Explosion and Fire, BP Texas City. Report No. 2005-04-I-TX. Washington, DC: CSB.
    • Baker, James A., et al. 2007. The Report of the BP U.S. Refineries Independent Safety Review Panel. Houston: BP.
    • Hopkins, Andrew. 2008. Failure to Learn: The BP Texas City Refinery Disaster. Sydney: CCH Australia.
📚 Fonti dei dati sugli incidenti
  1. Cibin I, Spaepen S, Steensels J et al.. (2026). "Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.". Current opinion in biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103525 [DOI]
  2. Krag A, Åberg F, Mellinger J et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.". JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.12038 [DOI]
  3. Chouhan NS, Mitra W, Singh K et al.. (2026). "A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.". Current biology : CB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.06.069 [DOI]
  4. Davids M, Herrema H, K Groen A et al.. (2026). "Lactic acid bacteria and endogenous ethanol mediate proton pump inhibitor-associated MASLD: a multicohort cross-sectional mediation analysis.". Gut microbes. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2026.2664712 [DOI]
  5. St Onge CM, Erikson C, Cruz B et al.. (2026). "Translational evidence for increased central amygdala IL-6 activity in alcohol dependence.". Journal of neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-026-03868-2 [DOI]
  6. Jang Y, Bae H, Oh S et al.. (2026). "Innate immune sensing of dietary alcohol ignites inflammation to drive alcohol-related disease.". Science advances. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea3979 [DOI]
  7. Kadakia P, Peterek M, Salentinig S. (2026). "Ethanol-Responsive Nanostructures in Glycerol Monooleate/Triolein Dispersions.". Molecular nutrition & food research. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70502 [DOI]
  8. Shan GY, Zhang YX, Wan H et al.. (2026). "Ginsenoside Rg5 Ameliorates Ferroptosis in Ethanol-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Activating FTO-YTHDF2-Nrf2 Signal.". Phytotherapy research : PTR. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70373 [DOI]
  9. Li Y, Jia H, Zhao T et al.. (2026). "Lactobacillus rhamnosus JM023 Postbiotic-Loaded Sodium Alginate Hydrogel for Alleviating Alcoholic Gastric Ulcers.". Advanced healthcare materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.71236 [DOI]
  10. Ma J, Yue X, Wu Y et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Induced Metabolic Stress Sensed by m6A-Modified ChREBP Drives Immune Evasion in Esophageal Carcinogenesis.". Cancer research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-4717 [DOI]
⏳ Consulente di stabilità & durata di conservazione Arrhenius
Metodologia: Arrhenius equation k = A·exp(-Ea/RT). Citazione: Connors KA et al. 1986 · ICH Q1A(R2)

Inserisci le condizioni di conservazione → l'algoritmo di Arrhenius prevedrà la concentrazione residua, il tempo di dimezzamento e la raccomandazione d'uso.

❄️ Raccomandazioni di conservazione
Temperature:
15-25°C
Light:
Ambient
Container:
HDPE/glass
Incompatible:
Oxidizers, acid chlorides
🧪 Assistente di preparazione della soluzione (Smart Prep)

Inserisci cosa vuoi preparare — genererò una SOP

Esempi qui sotto — clicca per inserire:
Ricette predefinite:
📚 Panoramica della letteratura scientifica — CAS 64-17-5
⭐ Risultati principali (letteratura scientifica) 9 publications
🏆 CAS 64-17-5 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% citazioni · 20% recency · 20% topic · 15% historical · 15% open access.
  1. #1
    GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators (2018) · The Lancet
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · alto impatto (1860 citazioni)
    SCORE 14.46 Farmacologia MUST-CITE Citazioni: 1860 DOI ↗
  2. #2
    Rehm, J.; Mathers, C.; Popova, S.; Thavorncharoensap, M.; Teerawattananon, Y.; Patra, J. (2012) · The Lancet
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · alto impatto (4100 citazioni)
    SCORE 13.69 Farmacologia MUST-CITE Citazioni: 4100 DOI ↗
  3. #3
    Mussatto, S.I.; Dragone, G.; Guimarães, P.M.R.; Silva, J.P.A.; Carneiro, L.M. et al. (2008) · Biotechnology Advances
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · alto impatto (1820 citazioni)
    SCORE 12.03 Industria MUST-CITE Citazioni: 1820 DOI ↗
  4. #4
    Connor, J. (2015) · Addiction
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 580 citazioni · rassegna
    SCORE 11.59 Rassegna MUST-CITE Citazioni: 580 DOI ↗
  5. #5
    The genetics of alcohol metabolism: role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants
    Edenberg, H.J. (1996) · Alcohol Research & Health
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 820 citazioni
    SCORE 11.34 Meccanismo MUST-CITE Citazioni: 820
  6. #6
    Bruder, E.D.; Pacurari, M.; Beierle, E.A. (review) (2007) · Hepatology / Gastroenterology
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 480 citazioni
    SCORE 8.85 Meccanismo MUST-CITE Citazioni: 480 DOI ↗
  7. #7
    Lachenmeier, D.W.; Sohnius, E.M. (2007) · Food and Chemical Toxicology
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 340 citazioni
    SCORE 8.4 Analitica MUST-CITE Citazioni: 340 DOI ↗
  8. #8
    Cornell, N.W.; Lund, P.; Hems, R.; Krebs, H.A. (1987) · Biochemical Journal
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 340 citazioni
    SCORE 8.4 Meccanismo MUST-CITE Citazioni: 340 DOI ↗
  9. #9
    Wang, M.L.; Wang, J.T.; Choong, Y.M. (2002) · Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 140 citazioni
    SCORE 7.25 Analitica MUST-CITE Citazioni: 140 DOI ↗

Perché questa pagina è verificabile

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Quali documenti esistono, a quale livello di revisione, in quali lingue e quando ciascuno è stato rilasciato.

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Chi lo vende e cosa ha pubblicato su di sé.

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Ethanol Absolute — CAS 64-17-5. Prepared from the supplier’s public catalogue; not verified against their internal data.

🌍 Presenza nel mondo (4)

Regioni chiave di presenza naturale e siti di produzione industriale per il CAS 64-17-5.

Bibliografia (Chicago)
  • U.S. Geological Survey. 2024. "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024." https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/.
  • British Geological Survey. 2023. "World Mineral Production 2018-2022." Keyworth: BGS.
  • International Energy Agency. 2023. "Critical Minerals Market Review 2023." https://www.iea.org/reports/critical-minerals-market-review-2023.
  • USGS. 2024. "Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data." U.S. Geological Survey. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/.
  • BGS. 2024. "World Mineral Statistics." British Geological Survey. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/.
  • Emsley, John. 2001. "Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements." Oxford University Press.
  • Wood, Eric J. 2013. "The Periodic Table and the Chemical Industry." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 14 (1): 5-16.
  • Tufte, Edward R. 2006. "Beautiful Evidence." Graphics Press.
  • Few, Stephen. 2009. "Now You See It: Simple Visualization Techniques for Quantitative Analysis." Analytics Press.
  • Mayer, Richard E. 2009. "Multimedia Learning." 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.
📄 Certificati di Analisi (CoA) CAS 64-17-5 nessuno

Nessun certificato per questo prodotto nel database.

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) — fare clic per espandere

Standard di gestione dei lotti e di certificazione di laboratorio — 13 fonti indipendenti (ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG).

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [link ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [link ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [link ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [link ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [link ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [link ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [link ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [link ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [link ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [link ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [link ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [link ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📈 Predittore dello spettro UV-VIS (200-400 nm) λmax 210 nm
0%25%50%75%100%200250300350400210 nmA = ε·c·lA / Aₘₐₓ (%)
CompostoEthanol (UV cutoff)
λmax210 nm
λmin—
εmax (M⁻¹·cm⁻¹)—
Solvente (query)water
Solvente (riferimento)self
Concentration (M)1e-4
Lunghezza del cammino ottico (cm)1
FWHM della curva30 nm

Modello: curva gaussiana centrata su λmax con scalatura secondo Beer-Lambert A = ε · c · l. Trasmittanza T = 10^(-A) · 100%.

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. Cibin I, Spaepen S, Steensels J et al.. (2026). "Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.". Current opinion in biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103525 [DOI]
  2. Krag A, Åberg F, Mellinger J et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.". JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.12038 [DOI]
  3. Chouhan NS, Mitra W, Singh K et al.. (2026). "A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.". Current biology : CB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.06.069 [DOI]
  4. Davids M, Herrema H, K Groen A et al.. (2026). "Lactic acid bacteria and endogenous ethanol mediate proton pump inhibitor-associated MASLD: a multicohort cross-sectional mediation analysis.". Gut microbes. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2026.2664712 [DOI]
  5. St Onge CM, Erikson C, Cruz B et al.. (2026). "Translational evidence for increased central amygdala IL-6 activity in alcohol dependence.". Journal of neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-026-03868-2 [DOI]
  6. Jang Y, Bae H, Oh S et al.. (2026). "Innate immune sensing of dietary alcohol ignites inflammation to drive alcohol-related disease.". Science advances. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea3979 [DOI]
  7. Kadakia P, Peterek M, Salentinig S. (2026). "Ethanol-Responsive Nanostructures in Glycerol Monooleate/Triolein Dispersions.". Molecular nutrition & food research. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70502 [DOI]
  8. Shan GY, Zhang YX, Wan H et al.. (2026). "Ginsenoside Rg5 Ameliorates Ferroptosis in Ethanol-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Activating FTO-YTHDF2-Nrf2 Signal.". Phytotherapy research : PTR. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70373 [DOI]
  9. Li Y, Jia H, Zhao T et al.. (2026). "Lactobacillus rhamnosus JM023 Postbiotic-Loaded Sodium Alginate Hydrogel for Alleviating Alcoholic Gastric Ulcers.". Advanced healthcare materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.71236 [DOI]
  10. Ma J, Yue X, Wu Y et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Induced Metabolic Stress Sensed by m6A-Modified ChREBP Drives Immune Evasion in Esophageal Carcinogenesis.". Cancer research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-4717 [DOI]
  11. Ai X, Wu T, Li Y et al.. (2026). "Fucoidan attenuates alcohol-induced liver injury via PON1/HDL/NF-κB axis.". Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2026.158265 [DOI]
  12. Reil JC, Sequeira V, Coppée C et al.. (2026). "Mavacamten Versus Alcohol Septal Ablation in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Echocardiography-Derived Pressure-Volume Analysis.". Circulation. Heart failure. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.125.013392 [DOI]
  13. Bossom IRL, DiBonaventura F, Hagen AEF et al.. (2026). "The dose-response effects of alcohol on positive and depressed affect in major depressive disorder.". Behaviour research and therapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2026.105065 [DOI]
  14. Huh E, Ju IG, Kim SH et al.. (2026). "Traditional herbal medicine Hyangsapyeongwi-san inhibits alcohol-induced gastric injury in mice by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.". Journal of ethnopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2026.121961 [DOI]
  15. (2004). "Toxicology and carcinogensis. Studies of urethane, ethanol, and urethane/ethanol (urethane, CAS No. 51-79-6; ethanol, CAS No. 64-17-5) in B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies).".
  16. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2023. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. [DOI]
  17. Mayerhöfer, Thomas G., Samir Pahlow, and Jürgen Popp. 2020. "The Bouguer-Beer-Lambert Law: Shining Light on the Obscure." ChemPhysChem 21 (18): 2029-2046. [DOI]
  18. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2017. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-305-57721-3.
  19. Lindon, John C., George E. Tranter, and David W. Koppenaal, eds. 2017. "Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry." 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-803224-4.
  20. Field, Leslie D., Sev Sternhell, and John R. Kalman. 2013. "Organic Structures from Spectra." 5th ed. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-96582-6.
  21. Reusch, William. 2013. "Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry: Spectroscopy." East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.
  22. Lampman, Gary M., Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, and James R. Vyvyan. 2010. "Spectroscopy." 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-88992-9.
  23. Kalsi, P. S. 2010. "Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds." 6th ed. New Delhi: New Age International. ISBN 978-81-224-2032-9.
  24. Williams, Dudley H., and Ian Fleming. 2008. "Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry." 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-711559-0.
  25. Sadek, Paul C. 2002. The HPLC Solvent Guide. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-41242-2.
  26. Banwell, Colin N., and Elaine M. McCash. 1994. "Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy." 4th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-707976-1.
  27. Perkampus, Heinz-Helmut. 1992. UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Its Applications. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77477-5.
  28. Fieser, Louis F. 1949. "Extension of Woodward's Rules for Prediction of Conjugated Diene Absorption." Journal of the American Chemical Society 71 (5): 1854-1857. [DOI]
  29. Woodward, Robert B. 1942. "Structure and the Absorption Spectra of Alpha,Beta-Unsaturated Ketones." Journal of the American Chemical Society 64 (1): 72-75. [DOI]
  30. Beer, August. 1852. "Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Flüssigkeiten." Annalen der Physik und Chemie 86: 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18521620505.
  31. Lambert, Johann Heinrich. 1760. Photometria. Augsburg: Sumptibus Vidae.

📖 Il valore λmax = 210 nm proviene da una banca dati o dalla letteratura. Nessun controllo incrociato indipendente (NIST / CrossRef / PubChem) — verifica incrociata non disponibile.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/spectra/uv-vis/64-17-5?solvent=water&path_length_cm=1

☣️ Tossicità (LD50 / LC50) Non classificato
LD50
7060 mg/kg[1][2]
Specie / via
Rat / orale
Classificazione
Practically nontoxic[3][4]
Scala GHS (tossicità acuta, orale, mg/kg p.c.):
Cat 1 (≤5)
Cat 2 (5–50)
Cat 3 (50–300)
Cat 4 (300–2000)
Cat 5 (2000–5000)

Fonte: RTECS KQ6300000; ECHA Brief Profile Ethanol 2023 (2023). CAS 64-17-5.

I dati LD50/LC50 hanno valore puramente indicativo; non sostituiscono la scheda di dati di sicurezza (SDS) né la valutazione di un esperto tossicologo. Classificazione GHS per la via orale (mg/kg bw) secondo UN GHS, 10ª rev. 2023, Annex 1 §3.1.1.

Bibliografia (Chicago)
  1. NIOSH. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). Cincinnati: NIOSH.
  2. ECHA. European Chemicals Agency — harmonised classification inventory (CLP Annex VI).
  3. United Nations. 2023. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)." 10th rev. ed. New York: UN.
  4. Hodge, Harold C., and James H. Sterner. 1949. "Tabulation of toxicity classes." American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly 10 (4): 93-96.
Ulteriori fonti (metodologia, non citate direttamente):
  • U.S. EPA. 2024. "ChemView." https://chemview.epa.gov/.
  • Lipnick, Robert L., et al. 1995. "Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures." Food and Chemical Toxicology 33 (3): 223-231.
  • ATSDR. 2024. "Toxicological Profiles." Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/.
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press.
  • Lewis, Richard J. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." 12th ed. Wiley.
  • IARC. 2024. "Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans." International Agency for Research on Cancer (classification criteria for carcinogenicity: IARC Group 1/2A/2B).
  • Pohanish, Richard P. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." 7th ed. Elsevier.
  • Bingham, Eula, Barbara Cohrssen, and Charles H. Powell, eds. 2012. "Patty's Toxicology." 6th ed. Wiley.
  • WHO. 2023. "Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard." World Health Organization (zgodne z UN GHS Annex 1 §3.1.1).
⚠️ Interazioni farmacologiche (2)

Interazioni farmacocinetiche e farmacodinamiche note per il CAS 64-17-5 secondo fonti cliniche di consenso. Le presenti informazioni hanno scopo educativo — non sostituiscono il consulto medico.

Scala di evidenza (Hansten & Horn)
A — randomized controlled trials · B — non-randomized clinical / PK studies · C — case reports · D — theoretical/mechanism-based
  • methanol (CAS 67-56-1) — Safety Data Sheet
    GraveEL: B
    CAS del partner: 67-56-1 · PubChem 887 · Papers: 10

    Meccanismo: L'etanolo è il substrato preferenziale dell'alcol deidrogenasi (ADH; Km ~ 1 mM vs metanolo ~ 7 mM). Satura l'ADH, bloccando la conversione del metanolo in formaldeide e acido formico tossici.

    Effetto clinico: Sfruttato clinicamente: l'etanolo è l'antidoto nell'intossicazione da metanolo (alternativa: fomepizolo). L'associazione non controllata maschera l'acidosi metabolica in progressione.

    Gestione: In caso di intossicazione da metanolo: etanolo IV/PO fino a una concentrazione di 100–150 mg/dL oppure fomepizolo 15 mg/kg + emodialisi, sotto supervisione del tossicologo.

    Fonte: Stockley 2021; Goldfrank Toxicologic Emergencies
  • Alprazolam
    GraveEL: A
    CAS del partner: 28981-97-7 · DrugBank DB00404 · PubChem 2118 · ChEMBL

    Meccanismo: Entrambi potenziano il GABA-A (alprazolam — modulatore allosterico BZD; etanolo — potenziamento dei canali Cl−). Depressione additiva del SNC.

    Effetto clinico: Sedazione, depressione respiratoria, coma, ipossiemia. L'etanolo inoltre inibisce CYP3A4 (metabolismo dell'alprazolam).

    Gestione: Evitare ASSOLUTAMENTE l'alcol durante la terapia con BZD. Informare il paziente — considerare l'ETOH nascosto nei medicinali (sciroppi).

    Fonte: FDA Black Box Warning; Hansten & Horn 2024
Bibliografia (Chicago)
  • Hansten, Philip D., and John R. Horn. 2024. "The Top 100 Drug Interactions: A Guide to Patient Management." H&H Publications.
  • Stockley, Ivan H., ed. 2021. "Stockley's Drug Interactions." 12th ed. Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Indiana University. 2024. "P450 Drug Interaction Table." https://drug-interactions.medicine.iu.edu/.
  • Lexicomp. 2024. "Lexicomp Drug Interactions Database." Wolters Kluwer.
  • U.S. FDA. 2023. "Drug Development and Drug Interactions Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers." https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-interactions-labeling/drug-development-and-drug-interactions-table-substrates-inhibitors-and-inducers.
  • Goldfrank, Lewis R., et al. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies." 11th ed. McGraw-Hill (rozdz. Drug Interactions — synergie + antagonizmy w zatruciach mieszanych).
  • Olson, Kent R., et al. 2018. "Poisoning & Drug Overdose." 7th ed. McGraw-Hill (gestione clinica delle interazioni nel sovradosaggio).
  • Dollery, Colin, ed. 1999. "Therapeutic Drugs." 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone (monografia di riferimento sulle interazioni farmacocinetiche tra farmaci).
  • Rosenstock, Linda, et al. 2005. "Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine." 2nd ed. Elsevier Saunders (occupational + drug exposure interakcje).
  • Lippmann, Morton. 2009. "Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects." 3rd ed. Wiley (modulazione di CYP3A4/CYP2D6 da esposizioni ambientali).
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press (in vitro screening DDI: rola P-gp, BCRP).
📜 Brevetti (metadati pubblici) nessun dato

Attualmente non sono stati trovati metadati brevettuali pubblici per questa sostanza in Crossref / OpenAlex. I dati verranno aggiornati automaticamente dopo il prossimo aggiornamento della cache (24h).

📚 Riferimenti (Chicago Author-Date) — fare clic per espandere
  1. Cibin I, Spaepen S, Steensels J et al.. (2026). "Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.". Current opinion in biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103525
  2. Krag A, Åberg F, Mellinger J et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.". JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.12038
  3. Chouhan NS, Mitra W, Singh K et al.. (2026). "A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.". Current biology : CB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.06.069
  4. Davids M, Herrema H, K Groen A et al.. (2026). "Lactic acid bacteria and endogenous ethanol mediate proton pump inhibitor-associated MASLD: a multicohort cross-sectional mediation analysis.". Gut microbes. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2026.2664712
  5. St Onge CM, Erikson C, Cruz B et al.. (2026). "Translational evidence for increased central amygdala IL-6 activity in alcohol dependence.". Journal of neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-026-03868-2
  6. Jang Y, Bae H, Oh S et al.. (2026). "Innate immune sensing of dietary alcohol ignites inflammation to drive alcohol-related disease.". Science advances. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea3979
  7. Kadakia P, Peterek M, Salentinig S. (2026). "Ethanol-Responsive Nanostructures in Glycerol Monooleate/Triolein Dispersions.". Molecular nutrition & food research. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70502
  8. Shan GY, Zhang YX, Wan H et al.. (2026). "Ginsenoside Rg5 Ameliorates Ferroptosis in Ethanol-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Activating FTO-YTHDF2-Nrf2 Signal.". Phytotherapy research : PTR. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70373
  9. Li Y, Jia H, Zhao T et al.. (2026). "Lactobacillus rhamnosus JM023 Postbiotic-Loaded Sodium Alginate Hydrogel for Alleviating Alcoholic Gastric Ulcers.". Advanced healthcare materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.71236
  10. Ma J, Yue X, Wu Y et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Induced Metabolic Stress Sensed by m6A-Modified ChREBP Drives Immune Evasion in Esophageal Carcinogenesis.". Cancer research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-4717
  11. Ai X, Wu T, Li Y et al.. (2026). "Fucoidan attenuates alcohol-induced liver injury via PON1/HDL/NF-κB axis.". Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2026.158265
  12. Reil JC, Sequeira V, Coppée C et al.. (2026). "Mavacamten Versus Alcohol Septal Ablation in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Echocardiography-Derived Pressure-Volume Analysis.". Circulation. Heart failure. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.125.013392
  13. Bossom IRL, DiBonaventura F, Hagen AEF et al.. (2026). "The dose-response effects of alcohol on positive and depressed affect in major depressive disorder.". Behaviour research and therapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2026.105065
  14. Huh E, Ju IG, Kim SH et al.. (2026). "Traditional herbal medicine Hyangsapyeongwi-san inhibits alcohol-induced gastric injury in mice by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.". Journal of ethnopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2026.121961
  15. (2004). "Toxicology and carcinogensis. Studies of urethane, ethanol, and urethane/ethanol (urethane, CAS No. 51-79-6; ethanol, CAS No. 64-17-5) in B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies).".
  16. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
  17. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
  18. European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
  19. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  20. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  21. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  22. Meanwell, Nicholas A. 2011. "Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 54 (8): 2529-2591.
  23. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of Synthetic Accessibility Score of Drug-Like Molecules Based on Molecular Complexity and Fragment Contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  24. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  25. Allison, John R., and Mark A. Lemley. 1998. "Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents." AIPLA Quarterly Journal 26 (3): 185-275.
  26. Patani, George A., and Edmond J. LaVoie. 1996. "Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design." Chemical Reviews 96 (8): 3147-3176.
  27. Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

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📚 RIFERIMENTI (Bibliografia complessiva, Chicago Author-Date) 79 elementi

Tutte le fonti scientifiche citate negli accordion sopra per il CAS 64-17-5.Formato: Chicago Manual of Style 17ª ed., sistema Author-Date.

🗄️ Banche dati scientifiche

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 64-17-5. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=64-17-5.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 64-17-5. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 64-17-5. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=64-17-5.

📐 Standard / Linee guida

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 Libri

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  3. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780471879558.
  4. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 Articoli scientifici (peer-reviewed)

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 Siti web

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014). n.d. "Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014): CAS 64-17-5."
  10. ECHA — Allegato VI del CLP (classificazione armonizzata, ATP 23; 2026-07-07) https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.
  11. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  12. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  13. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  14. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  15. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  16. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  17. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  18. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  19. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  20. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
  21. Heckert, N. A., and J. J. Filliben. 2003. "NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods." NIST Handbook 151. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
  22. Grubbs, Frank E. 1950. "Sample Criteria for Testing Outlying Observations." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (1): 27–58.
  23. Dixon, Wilfrid J. 1950. "Analysis of Extreme Values." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (4): 488–506.
  24. Snedecor, George W., and William G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
  25. Student [William Sealy Gosset]. 1908. "The Probable Error of a Mean." Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25.
  26. International Organization for Standardization. 2005. "ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and Symbols — Part 1: General Statistical Terms and Terms Used in Probability." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/40145.html.
  27. Thompson, Michael, Stephen L. R. Ellison, and Roger Wood. 2002. "Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 835–855.
  28. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2024. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Applicable as from 1 January 2025 (ECE/TRANS/352). Geneva: UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025-edition.
  29. International Air Transport Association. 2026. Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). 67th ed. Montreal: IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/.
  30. International Maritime Organization. 2024. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, 2024 Edition (Amendment 42-24). London: IMO. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx.
  31. United Nations. 2025. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations (Orange Book). 24th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.24. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-model-regulations.
  32. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2025. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284). 2025–2026 ed. Montreal: ICAO. https://www.icao.int/safety/DangerousGoods/Pages/technical-instructions.aspx.
  33. European Commission. 2014. "Commission Decision 2014/955/EU on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC." Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014D0955.
  34. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2020. "Rozporządzenie Ministra Klimatu z dnia 2 stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów." Dziennik Ustaw RP 2020 poz. 10. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20200000010. Norme nazionali — Polonia
  35. Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ). 2024. "Baza Danych O Odpadach (BDO) — System rejestracji firm utylizacyjnych." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. https://bdo.mos.gov.pl/. Norme nazionali — Polonia
  36. Polska — Sejm RP. 2012. "Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. o odpadach." Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21 (z późn. zm.). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20130000021. Norme nazionali — Polonia
  37. Furr, A. Keith, ed.. 2000. "CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety." CRC Press.
  38. Pohanish, Richard P.. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." Elsevier.
  39. Lewis, Richard J.. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." Wiley.
  40. NIOSH. 2024. "Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/.
  41. OSHA. 2024. "Occupational Chemical Database — Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOPER)." Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata.
  42. European Parliament and Council. 2008. "Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive)." Official Journal of the European Union L 312/3. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098.
  43. European Parliament and Council. 2009. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures." Official Journal of the European Union L 353. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1272.
  44. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2023. "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/standards/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025.
  45. IPCS INCHEM. 2024. "International Programme on Chemical Safety — Waste Management Guidelines." WHO/UNEP/ILO. https://www.inchem.org/.
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📜 Licenza e provenienza
COMPUTED — PubChem3D · 3D conformer computed by PubChem using OMEGA; not an experimental structure.
Modello
ethanol · 64-17-5
InChIKey
LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Licenza
CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Attribuzione
MolGod Scientific — ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
Scheda di licenza e provenienza
ethanol (CAS 64-17-5) →
Scheda molecolare MolGod
ethanol →
Dati di origine
PubChem CID 702 ↗
Informazioni sul modello
STL generato da MolGod · MolGod STL Exporter build 48804cd20b0d · generato il 2026-10-14
SHA-256 (STL)
40d9c173e2c0c5ce2dad2994ccf7665d770d3ca01bea9c06657fc2ae22b98bca
MD5 (STL)
d08778cd9d25bfaee342caf942ea737b
MolGod Identification Number
MG_787-078-128-48
Trasformazione
Mesh a sfere e bastoncini MolGod Scientific
Modifiche
Convertito in una mesh molecolare triangolata; coordinate atomiche e connettività invariate.
Wikimedia Commons
non ancora pubblicato
Modello di molecola gratuito da stampare
Scarica il modello, stampalo e usalo nella didattica. Quando pubblichi una foto, un materiale o un adattamento, la licenza CC BY-SA 4.0 International richiede di indicare “MolGod Scientific” come autore del modello, inserire un link all’originale e al testo della licenza, segnalare le modifiche apportate e condividere gli adattamenti con la stessa licenza. Un testo di attribuzione pronto all’uso si trova in questa sezione. Nessuna registrazione, nessun costo e nessun obbligo di recensione.

⚠️ Il nome e il logo MolGod.org, compreso il logo in rilievo sulla base, sono il nostro marchio. La licenza CC BY-SA 4.0 non copre i marchi (sezione 2(b)(2)). Senza il nostro consenso scritto non è consentito usare il logo MolGod.org per contrassegnare i propri prodotti, nella pubblicità o in modo da suggerire il nostro sostegno.

Questa licenza si applica alla mesh STL creata da MolGod, non automaticamente al materiale di origine di terzi.