α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene (CAS 5216-25-1) — Safety Data Sheet

Safety data sheet documentation for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene (CAS 5216-25-1), compiled to REACH Annex II with classification read against the harmonised entry in CLP Annex VI (H350, H361f, H312, H302). Two options: a working draft sent by e-mail immediately, or a signed card issued within 72 hours of complete input. The item supplied is a document — MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

Free, and generated automatically from the sources listed on this page. No person has reviewed it, and it describes the substance in general — not your material, your process or your intended market.

REACH 2020/878
v4 · 07.09.2026
Download Safety Data Sheet (PDF)CAS 5216-25-1 · PDF · 176 KBWorking draft — not yet reviewed and approved.

Section 9 — physicochemical properties: 3 of 22 established.

We show what is established and name what is not. Classification and identity are complete on every card; section 9 is where public data is thin.

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  1. €0Audit the sheet you already haveSend us your existing sheet for this substance and we tell you what is wrong with it. One per company. If it turns out to be sound, you buy nothing.Start the free audit →
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Documentation available for this substance: safety data sheet · CLP label · certificate of analysis on request · specification. Languages: the official language of your destination market, produced per card.

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What you receive — and what this is not

What you receive

  • A digital PDF safety data sheet in the sixteen-section structure of REACH Annex II (Regulation 1907/2006).
  • Substance identification, hazard classification, physicochemical, toxicological and ecological information, and regulatory references.
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What this is not

  • Not a chemical substance, not a sample, not any physical goods.
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  • Not a substitute for your own regulatory assessment, nor for the safety data sheet supplied by the manufacturer or importer of the substance you actually hold.
  • Not adapted to a specific workplace, process or national annex unless you provide that information.

Where the available evidence does not support a value, the sheet states that the value is not established rather than estimating one. A field with no recorded source is marked as such.

What is in the buyer pack

Everything your compliance officer will ask for, in one file.

  • The product page as PDF — the record as published, so what you forward matches what you read.
  • The safety data sheet at your entitlement level — sixteen sections in the order set by REACH Annex II, for this substance, in the language you select.
  • The CLP label artwork — generated from the same classification as the sheet, so the two cannot disagree.
  • The specification, and the certificate of analysis where batch data exists.
  • sources.txt — every citation with the date it was read.
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Your European buyer is going to forward this to somebody who was not on the call. The pack exists so that what they forward is complete, self-explanatory and traceable — rather than four attachments and a sentence beginning “I think this is everything”.

These switch the language of this page. Single substances. Mixtures on enquiry. One document, one language — additional languages are priced separately. Every version, including the Chinese one, is written to EU law — (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) Annex II and (EU) 2020/878 — and translated from it. The Chinese version is a reference translation, not a legally valid document for the Chinese market: an SDS for China must be compiled separately to GB/T 16483 and GB/T 17519.

🧬 3D分子可视化器
正在加载分子...
3D模型4-Chlorobenzotrichloride,CAS 5216-25-1,分子式C7H4Cl4, 摩尔质量 229.9 g/mol

数据转录自法规登记册和专业文献,并注明来源与版本。不能替代供应商的安全数据表。未记录来源的字段已作相应标注。

📊 物理化学数据 — CAS 5216-25-1
📊 物理化学性质

快速参考

化学式: C7H4Cl4
分子量: 229.9 g/mol
CAS号: 5216-25-1
🔬 高级属性

化学标识符

SMILES: C1=CC(=CC=C1C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl

最后更新: 2026-08-25

化学概述: 4-Chlorobenzotrichloride
分子式C7H4Cl4[1]
分子量229.9 g/mol[1]
沸点245 °C[2]
LogP(亲脂性)4.6[1]
IUPAC名称1-chloro-4-(trichloromethyl)benzene[1]
SMILESC1=CC(=CC=C1C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl[1]
InChIKeyLVZPKYYPPLUECL-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

同义词: 4-CHLOROBENZOTRICHLORIDE · 5216-25-1 · 1-Chloro-4-(trichloromethyl)benzene · Benzene, 1-chloro-4-(trichloromethyl)- · p-Chlorophenyltrichloromethane

数据来源: PubChem (NLM/NIH)
最后更新: 2026-08-25

📚 科学参考文献(芝加哥作者-日期格式) (2 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: 分子式 · 分子量 · LogP(亲脂性) · IUPAC名称 · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. NIST. Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗ applies to: 沸点

科学研究

[1]PubMed1984
Khalepo AI, Veselovskaia KA, Lapina LM et al.. (1984). "[Determination of the MPEL for alpha, alpha, alpha-trichloro-4-chlorotoluene in the air of work areas].". Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabol
📚 科学参考文献(芝加哥作者-日期格式) 1 refs · 1 baz

MOLECULE 按CAS号参考文献(实时来自13+数据库)

来源: db:pubmed (1)

  1. db:pubmed Khalepo AI, Veselovskaia KA, Lapina LM et al.. (1984). "[Determination of the MPEL for alpha, alpha, alpha-trichloro-4-chlorotoluene in the air of work areas].". Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevaniia.
物质监管状态
该物质受监管要求约束: 危险废物管理(BDO登记册). 详细信息请参见“法规状态(REACH/ECHA/CLP)”章节及安全数据表。 监管信息——不限制在本店购买。
🧮 化学计量计算器
🧪 化学数据
CAS号
5216-25-1
分子式
C7H4Cl4
摩尔质量
229.9 g/mol
IUPAC名称 (EN)
1-chloro-4-(trichloromethyl)benzene
SMILES
C1=CC(=CC=C1C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl
InChIKey
LVZPKYYPPLUECL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Temp. wrzenia
245.1

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-08-25

🔍 外部标识符
10 / 16个ID系统63%
数据库标识符操作
CAS Registry Number5216-25-1打开 →
PubChem CID21277[1]打开 →
InChIKeyLVZPKYYPPLUECL-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]打开 →
InChIInChI=1S/C7H4Cl4/c8-6-3-1-5(2-4-6)7(9,10)11/h1-4…[1]
SMILESC1=CC(=CC=C1C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl[1]
EC Number226-009-1[2]打开 →
ChEMBLCHEMBL2137820[3]打开 →
ChemSpider20002[4]打开 →
UNII (FDA)1UP9GJU33S打开 →
WikiData QIDQ22338118打开 →

来源:PubChem (NIH)、Wikidata SPARQL、KEGG、ChEMBL (EBI)、CompTox CTX (EPA)。

📚 科学参考文献(芝加哥作者-日期格式) (4 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ applies to: EC Number
  3. ChEMBL. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), bioactivity database. ↗ applies to: ChEMBL
  4. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ applies to: ChemSpider
📡 光谱学 — CAS 5216-25-1
📊 光谱(NMR、IR、MS、UV-Vis) (1)

可用光谱类型: IR

红外光谱 (KBr, 4000-400 cm⁻¹)

440个数据点 · 来源: NIST WebBook · NIST ↗ · 📥 JCAMP-DX
🎓 谱图解析指南(供学生使用)
如何解读IR光谱
  • 3200-3600 cm⁻¹ — O-H 伸缩 (宽峰 = 氢键)
  • 2850-3000 cm⁻¹ — C-H 伸缩 (sp³)
  • 1650-1750 cm⁻¹ — C=O 伸缩 (酮、醛、酯)
  • 1400-1600 cm⁻¹ — 芳香环振动
  • 1000-1300 cm⁻¹ — C-O 伸缩 (醚、醇)
  • 无吸收=无官能团→与参考谱图比较

来源: LibreTexts ↗, Silverstein (Spectrometric ID) ↗

📚 科学参考文献(芝加哥作者-日期格式) (7 来源)
  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2024. "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69." Gaithersburg, MD: NIST. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  2. Spectral Database for Organic Structure Determination (SDBS). 2024. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  3. Ulrich, Eldon L., Hideo Akutsu, John F. Doreleijers, Yoko Harano, Yannis E. Ioannidis, Jundong Lin, Miron Livny, et al. 2008. "BioMagResBank." Nucleic Acids Research 36 (D1): D402–D408. [DOI ↗]
  4. Horai, Hisayuki, Masanori Arita, Shigehiko Kanaya, Yoshito Nihei, Tasuku Ikeda, Kazuhiro Suwa, Yuya Ojima, et al. 2010. "MassBank: A Public Repository for Sharing Mass Spectral Data for Life Sciences." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 45 (7): 703–714. [DOI ↗]
  5. Linstrom, P.J., and W.G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗
  6. McDonald, M. Shane, Mike McAvoy, and Ajit Bhalerao. 1988. "JCAMP-DX: A Standard Form for Exchange of Infrared Spectra in Computer Readable Form." Applied Spectroscopy 42 (1): 151–162. [DOI ↗]
  7. PubChem. 2024. "PubChem Compound Database." National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
结构性质

正在加载结构数据...

❓ 常见问题 (3)
What is 5216-25-1?
5216-25-1 (CAS 5216-25-1) is a chemical compound. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
有帮助吗?
What is the CAS number of 5216-25-1?
The CAS number for 5216-25-1 is 5216-25-1. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
有帮助吗?
How should 5216-25-1 be stored?
5216-25-1 should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
有帮助吗?
➕ 建议问题
下载结构文件

来自PubChem数据库(NIH)的分子结构文件。兼容Avogadro、PyMOL、Jmol和ChemDraw等程序。

来源:PubChem,美国国家医学图书馆(NIH)。 CID: 21277

🔄 浓度单位转换器 实时

输入4-Chlorobenzotrichloride浓度(任意单位),其余将自动计算。

分子量: 229.9 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ 转换公式及引用(每个公式)
转换分子式准确度来源
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 参考文献(8个权威来源)
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
相似分子结构

正在加载相似结构...

🧪 溶液制备向导 WIZARD
① 选择浓度
② 目标体积
③ 溶剂

计算依据: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

计算化学

正在加载计算数据...

🛡️ 安全 — CAS 5216-25-1
数据限制说明。 本页安全信息仅供参考,不能替代完整的安全数据表(SDS)。使用产品前,请查阅制造商当前的安全数据表以及GHS/CLP指南。CLP分类适用于纯散装物质,不适用于商业制剂。

GHS/CLP分类——(EC) No 1272/2008法规 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021)。

⚠️ 危险 (Danger)
GHS07 — 刺激性/有害
GHS07 刺激性/有害
GHS08 — 健康危害
GHS08 健康危害

🚨 危险说明(H)

  • H350 — 可能致癌(说明接触途径――如已确证无其他接触途径造成这一危害)
  • H361f — 怀疑对生育能力造成伤害
  • H312 — 皮肤接触有害
  • H302 — 吞咽有害
  • H335 — 可引起呼吸道刺激
  • H372 — 长期或反复接触会对器官造成伤害(说明已知的所有受影响器官)( 说明接触途径――如已确证无其他接触途径造成这一危害)
  • H315 — 造成皮肤刺激

🛡 防范说明(P)

  • P203 — 使用前取得、阅读并遵循所有安全说明书。
  • P260 — 不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/气雾/蒸气/喷雾。

✓ 根据CLP法规(EC) 1272/2008附件VI的统一分类(官方、具有约束力的分类)。 索引号:602-093-00-9。

参考文献(芝加哥格式): European Chemicals Agency. "α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene; p-chlorobenzotrichloride, Index No. 602-093-00-9." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

翻译:CLP 法规 (EC) 1272/2008,附件 III 和 IV。数据:PubChem/NLM。

📚 综合科学参考文献 — Chicago Author-Date 10 来源

从所有Safety Hub选项卡收集的参考文献。CAS号: 5216-25-1 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS,法规
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Pierwsza pomoc, Toksykologia
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Pierwsza pomoc, PPE, Toksykologia
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] PPE
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Utylizacja, Regulacje
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Magazynowanie
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Magazynowanie
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. [↗] Utylizacja
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Toksykologia

具有自身参考文献的选项卡(紧急情况、个人防护装备、储存、废物)在其各自章节中包含额外的书目条目。

📈 分析统计(t检验·RSD·Grubbs·Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

粘贴一系列重复测量结果(CSV或每行一个数字)。计算器将计算平均值、标准差和95%置信区间,并检测异常值(Grubbs + Dixon Q)。

分隔符:逗号、空格、制表符、换行。至少3个测量值。
📐 统计公式
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — 算术平均值
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — 样本方差
  • s = √s² — 标准差
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — 相对标准差
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs检验
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

来源:ICH Q2(R2) 分析方法验证 · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 缓冲液配方计算器 唯一

从 20 种常用缓冲体系列表中选择 → 输入目标 pH → 获得精确配方,包括称量质量。

步骤 1:选择缓冲体系

📜 配方历史记录(最近 10 条)
药物状态

Prekliniczny

I期
II期
III期
已批准

临床前——无人体研究数据。

ChEMBL CHEMBL2137820 ↗

📅 项目规划器——实验室实验管理器 新品

规划您的整个实验室项目:添加实验(含试剂、重复次数和持续时间)。您将获得甘特图、购物清单(含商店链接!)、预算(含10%余量)和GHS风险矩阵。

🧪 溶解性和溶剂兼容性
分子
4-Chlorobenzotrichloride
分子式
C7H4Cl4
logP (XLogP3)
4.60
摩尔质量(g/mol)
229.9
极性
疏水性(非极性)

⚠️ GC估算(Hoftyzer-Van Krevelen)。该CAS无文献HSP数据——精度±2 MPa½。请实验验证。

Solvent compatibility table not available for this substance.
The Hansen parameters fall outside the range of the method, so the distance Ra cannot be calculated, and the database holds no solubility measurement to put in its place. Rather than eleven ratings with nothing behind them, we show none. Base the solvent choice on the safety data sheet and on experimental data.
📚 溶剂科学参考文献(芝加哥作者-日期格式)——点击展开

11 solvents · 54 full citations (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — below.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia obwodowa (n-Heksan NIE jest kancerogenem IARC)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
溶解性理论(应用于相容性预测):
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP三元组(dD, dP, dH)+ Ra公式。
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solwatochromia.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution dla dD/dP/dH z SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — 250+溶剂的完整表格数据集(ε、μ、供体数、受体数)。
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 5216-25-1 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

完整参考文献位于页面底部的参考文献折叠面板——芝加哥格式手册第17版作者-日期格式。

⚗️ 检查反应兼容性
2 0 0
健康: 2/4
易燃性: 0/4
反应性: 0/4
根据NFPA 704 / 由H代码计算

检查4-Chlorobenzotrichloride是否与另一种试剂兼容

📦 储存兼容性矩阵
酸类 碱 氧化剂 易燃 毒性 Gazy
酸类 ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
碱 ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
氧化剂 ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
易燃 ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
毒性 ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ 可一起储存 · ⚠ 谨慎 · ✗ 禁止一起储存 · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

兼容性数据来源: Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 实验室计算器(8个)
稀释(C₁V₁=C₂V₂)
摩尔浓度(M=n/V)
pH缓冲液(Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Beer-Lambert(A=εcl)
质量→摩尔
浓度%→M
ppm→mg/L
温度 C↔F↔K

已验证的配方: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 光谱数据库
📋 实验室方案生成器

方案基于以下内容生成: GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ 标签生成器(QR码)
Α, Α,Α,4-Tetrachlorotoluene• 4-chlorobenzotrichloride / Aaatct• IUPAC: 1-chloro-4-(trichloromethyl)benzene• CAS: 5216-25-1• EC: 226-009-1• 分子式: C7H4Cl4• 摩尔质量: 229.9 g/mol危险GHS危险说明:H350 H361f H312 H302 H335 H372 H315P203: 使用前取得、阅读并遵循所有安全说明书。P260: 不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/气雾/蒸气/喷雾。仅供实验室使用!Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX London[email protected]molgod.org批号: 净含量:
Deskryptory Lipinskiego (struktura)
正在加载ADMET预测…
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📚 科学文献概览 — CAS 5216-25-1
🎯 相关研究主题(TF-IDF) 7 标签
📊 自动提取的主题 来自CAS的1篇出版物的摘要 5216-25-1. 算法: TF-IDF (Salton & Buckley 1988) — 词频 × 逆文档频率.
alpha 2 determination mpel 1 mpel alpha 1 alpha alpha 1 alpha alpha-trichloro- 1 alpha-trichloro- -chlorotoluene 1 -chlorotoluene areas 1
🔍 排名详情(TF-IDF)
Tag TF DF IDF Score
alpha 2 1 1 2
determination mpel 1 1 1 1.4
mpel alpha 1 1 1 1.4
alpha alpha 1 1 1 1.4
alpha alpha-trichloro- 1 1 1 1.4
alpha-trichloro- -chlorotoluene 1 1 1 1.4
-chlorotoluene areas 1 1 1 1.4

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For α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene (CAS 5216-25-1) the documentation obligation begins before the first shipment. This page sets out what the safety data sheet has to establish.

α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene (CAS 5216-25-1) at a glance

  • Substance – α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene
  • CAS number – 5216-25-1
  • EC number – 226-009-1
  • CLP Annex VI index number – 602-093-00-9
  • Also known as – p-chlorobenzotrichloride
  • Hazard statements – H350 (may cause cancer); H361f; H312 (harmful in contact with skin); H302 (harmful if swallowed); H335 (may cause respiratory irritation); H372 (causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure)
  • Hazard classes – Carc. 1B, Repr. 2, Acute Tox. 4 *, Acute Tox. 4 *, STOT SE 3, STOT RE 1
  • Label pictograms – GHS07, GHS08
  • Signal word – Danger
  • Entry current as of – CLP00
  • CMR classification – yes, classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction
  • Documentation issued – safety data sheet in REACH Annex II structure; working draft or signed card
  • What is supplied – a document. MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

Identifiers that must agree

Three identifiers accompany this substance, and all must align: the CAS number 5216-25-1, the Annex VI index number 602-093-00-9, and the name as listed in the register. Incongruent identifiers represent the subtlest flaw in a documentation set, as each individual document appears correct until a cross-check reveals they describe distinct entities.

Where is regulatory status recorded for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene?

Section 15 records regulatory status for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene: whether it appears on the candidate list, whether it is subject to authorisation or restriction, and any national provisions. Downstream users ask this question routinely, and a sheet that answers it saves an exchange of emails per customer.

How do I check if my SDS for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene is still valid?

An existing sheet for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene can be checked against the register without commitment. The outcome worth having is the specific one: which section diverges, what the register says instead, and whether that divergence would stop a shipment.

What is the CLP classification of α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene?

The harmonised classification for CAS 5216-25-1 carries 7 hazard statements: H350, H361f, H312, H302, H335, H372, H315. In plain terms this means may cause cancer; H361f; harmful in contact with skin; harmful if swallowed. A harmonised entry is binding across the Union — an importer may not soften it, and a self-classification that diverges from it will not survive an enforcement check.

Can I import α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene into the EU?

An import of CAS 5216-25-1 succeeds or fails on whether the accompanying sheet matches the register. Among substances listed in CLP Annex VI the recurring failure is a classification carried over from a supplier outside the Union, where the same substance may be classified differently. Index 602-093-00-9 is the binding reference, and it is in regulated consignments that the discrepancy surfaces.

Which GHS pictograms apply to α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene?

The label for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene carries GHS07 (exclamation mark), GHS08 (health hazard), with the signal word Danger. These are not chosen by the supplier: CLP Annex VI states them for CAS 5216-25-1, and the precedence rules in Annex I decide which pictogram is dropped when two would say the same thing. A label showing a different set from the register is wrong even if every hazard statement on it is correct.

How is α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene classified for road, sea and air transport?

The transport classification for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene falls under section 14 and varies depending on the mode of transport: ADR for road, IMDG for sea, and IATA for air. A document that prints all three classifications without specifying which one applies places the responsibility on the shipper to select the correct one, and it is the shipper who faces penalties for making an incorrect choice.

Accidental release and containment

A spill involving substance with CAS number 5216-25-1 must be managed according to Section 6, which should clearly specify the required containment materials and personal protective equipment necessary for personnel approaching the spill site. An operational sheet outlining the cleanup process without detailing the appropriate attire for workers is considered incomplete.

What do customs check when importing α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene?

When a consignment of α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene is stopped at the border, the document examined first is rarely the invoice. It is section 14 of the safety data sheet and its agreement with the transport papers. A missing packing group, an absent UN number or a proper shipping name that contradicts the classification of CAS 5216-25-1 will hold the pallet regardless of how complete the remaining fifteen sections are.

What happens if a consignment of α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene is refused?

Refusals related to α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene typically arise from three main causes: outdated classification due to amendments, inconsistencies between transport data and shipping documents, and language barriers where the receiving authority does not accept the provided documentation. These issues are not apparent to a reader who perceives the document as professionally presented.

What must the label for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene contain?

The supply label for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene is generated from the same classification that drives the safety data sheet: pictograms selected by precedence, one signal word derived from the highest hazard class present, and the hazard statements H350, H361f, H312… reproduced in full. Where the container is too small to carry the complete set at a legible size, there are lawful ways to handle it and unlawful ones that look identical to a non-specialist.

Target organ toxicity in the sheet

Specific target organ toxicity (H372) obliges the sheet to state the route of exposure and, where established, the organ affected. This is one of the few places where a generic phrase is treated as a defect rather than as caution: an unspecified organ leaves the downstream user unable to build an exposure scenario.

Is α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene classified as a CMR substance?

CAS 5216-25-1 is classified as a CMR substance (H350). That status changes the obligations attached to every shipment: workplace exposure documentation, restrictions on supply to the general public, and substitution pressure from downstream users who must justify continued use. A safety data sheet for a CMR substance is read more closely than any other, because the classification itself invites scrutiny.

Other names for this substance

The same substance appears in trade and in the literature under several names: p-chlorobenzotrichloride. A safety data sheet has to carry the name used in the harmonised entry, but a purchase order, a customs declaration and a certificate of analysis may each use a different one. Where the names diverge, CAS 5216-25-1 is the identifier that reconciles them — and a document set that relies on trade names alone will eventually be read as describing three different materials.

What is the EC number for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene?

Alongside CAS 5216-25-1, this substance carries EC number 226-009-1 and Annex VI index 602-093-00-9. European documentation is built around the EC number as often as around the CAS: registration dossiers, the candidate list and customs systems key on it. A safety data sheet quoting only one of the two forces every downstream reader to look up the other.

Questions about documentation for α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene

What hazard statements apply to CAS 5216-25-1?

The harmonised entry lists H350, H361f, H312, H302. These are binding across the Union and may not be softened by a self-classification.

In which language must the sheet be supplied?

In an official language of each Member State where α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene is placed on the market, unless that State has stated otherwise.

Can I check whether my existing sheet is still valid?

Yes. A section-by-section reading against Annex II and the current harmonised entry establishes that in one pass, and a sheet that passes is reported as passing.

Do I need a safety data sheet to import α, α,α,4-tetrachlorotoluene into the EU?

Yes. A sheet compiled to Annex II of REACH must exist before the first consignment moves, and it must be held by the entity placing the substance on the Union market.

MolGod.org issues documentation and does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances. CAS 5216-25-1 identifies the subject of this document.

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SDS Working Draft

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  • For internal drafting and supplier review. Unsigned; supplier-specific fields may need completing.

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Recommended when the document leaves your company

Expert-Reviewed SDS

€249.99

  • Everything in the Working Draft
  • Reviewed by a competent person under Annex II, section by section
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  • Five rounds of corrections applied to your instructions
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Best for

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If you are unsure, read down the left column and stop at the first line that describes your situation.
What the document is for Working Draft
€49.99
Expert-Reviewed
€249.99
Internal drafting and review YesYes
Checking a sheet a supplier sent you YesYes
Sent to your customer Not written for thisYes
Travels with an export shipment Not written for thisYes
Read by an inspector or authority Not written for thisYes
Adapted to your company, grade and identified use NoYes
Signed and dated by the reviewer NoYes
When you get it Immediately after paymentWithin 72 hours of complete input

Nothing stops you sending a draft to anyone. "Not written for this" means exactly that: it carries no signature and no fields adapted to your company, so it will not answer the questions the recipient is about to ask.

What the signature means

Who prepares the document
The document is generated by the MolGod engine from ECHA CLP Annex VI and the cited public sources, then read section by section by a qualified scientific reviewer with a degree in chemistry or a related scientific field.
What the review covers
The sheet is read section by section against the REACH Annex II structure. GHS classification and transport entries are checked against the sources cited in the document, and the sheet is adapted to the company, product grade and identified use you provide.
What is NOT verified
We do not test your material and we cannot confirm what is physically in your container: composition, concentration, impurities or manufacturing route. Those come from you and are reproduced as supplied.
What the signature is — and is not
The signature records that a qualified scientific reviewer read the document. It is not a government approval, not an ECHA approval, and not a legal certification — no such certification exists for safety data sheets in the EU. A signature does not by itself make a document legally valid or make your business compliant.
What you receive
A PDF in the 16-section REACH Annex II structure, signed and dated, with version information and a list of anything we could not establish. Five rounds of corrections are included.
Delivery
Within 72 hours of receiving complete input from you. The clock pauses whenever we are waiting on an answer.
Refunds
Full refund before review begins. If the evidence is insufficient, you choose a refund, store credit or a gap report. See the refund policy.

No fabricated-data guarantee. If the available evidence is insufficient to support a defensible document for this CAS number and your product specification, we will not invent the missing values. You may choose a refund, store credit or a documented gap report.

Not sure which one fits? Ask for a free screening of a sheet you already hold.

📄 分析证书(CoA) CAS 5216-25-1 无

数据库中无此产品的证书。

📚 科学参考文献(芝加哥作者-日期格式)——点击展开

批次管理与实验室认证标准——13个独立来源(ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG)。

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [链接 ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [链接 ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [链接 ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [链接 ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [链接 ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [链接 ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [链接 ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [链接 ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [链接 ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [链接 ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [链接 ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
数据来自PubChem来源: PubChem (NIH) · ChEMBL
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📚 参考文献(综合书目,芝加哥作者-日期格式) 78 条目

以上折叠面板中针对CAS号5216-25-1引用的所有科学来源。格式: 《芝加哥格式手册》第17版,作者-日期系统.

🗄️ 科学数据库

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 5216-25-1. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=5216-25-1.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 5216-25-1. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 5216-25-1. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=5216-25-1.

📐 标准/指南

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 书籍

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  3. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  4. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 科学文章(同行评审)

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 网站

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. ECHA — Zalacznik VI do CLP (klasyfikacja zharmonizowana, ATP 23; 2026-07-07) https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  12. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  13. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  14. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  15. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  16. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  17. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  18. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  19. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
  20. Heckert, N. A., and J. J. Filliben. 2003. "NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods." NIST Handbook 151. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
  21. Grubbs, Frank E. 1950. "Sample Criteria for Testing Outlying Observations." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (1): 27–58.
  22. Dixon, Wilfrid J. 1950. "Analysis of Extreme Values." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (4): 488–506.
  23. Snedecor, George W., and William G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
  24. Student [William Sealy Gosset]. 1908. "The Probable Error of a Mean." Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25.
  25. International Organization for Standardization. 2005. "ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and Symbols — Part 1: General Statistical Terms and Terms Used in Probability." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/40145.html.
  26. Thompson, Michael, Stephen L. R. Ellison, and Roger Wood. 2002. "Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 835–855.
  27. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2024. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Applicable as from 1 January 2025 (ECE/TRANS/352). Geneva: UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025-edition.
  28. International Air Transport Association. 2026. Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). 67th ed. Montreal: IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/.
  29. International Maritime Organization. 2024. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, 2024 Edition (Amendment 42-24). London: IMO. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx.
  30. United Nations. 2025. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations (Orange Book). 24th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.24. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-model-regulations.
  31. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2025. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284). 2025–2026 ed. Montreal: ICAO. https://www.icao.int/safety/DangerousGoods/Pages/technical-instructions.aspx.
  32. European Commission. 2014. "Commission Decision 2014/955/EU on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC." Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014D0955.
  33. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2020. "Rozporządzenie Ministra Klimatu z dnia 2 stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów." Dziennik Ustaw RP 2020 poz. 10. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20200000010.
  34. Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ). 2024. "Baza Danych O Odpadach (BDO) — System rejestracji firm utylizacyjnych." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. https://bdo.mos.gov.pl/.
  35. Polska — Sejm RP. 2012. "Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. o odpadach." Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21 (z późn. zm.). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20130000021.
  36. Furr, A. Keith, ed.. 2000. "CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety." CRC Press.
  37. Pohanish, Richard P.. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." Elsevier.
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  39. NIOSH. 2024. "Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/.
  40. OSHA. 2024. "Occupational Chemical Database — Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOPER)." Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata.
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  42. European Parliament and Council. 2009. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures." Official Journal of the European Union L 353. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1272.
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  46. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q7%20Guideline.pdf.
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  49. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  50. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
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📜 许可与来源
模型
4-Chlorobenzotrichloride · 5216-25-1
许可协议
CC BY 4.0 International (来源权利 未确定 — 尚未授予)
署名
MolGod Scientific
许可与来源记录
4-Chlorobenzotrichloride (CAS 5216-25-1) →
MolGod 分子记录
4-Chlorobenzotrichloride →
源数据
PubChem CID 21277 ↗
SHA-256 (STL)
57850c9d72baaacb8437b784351d51614dcf5fed688ad306ccf371b83865a75c
Wikimedia Commons
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本许可适用于 MolGod 创建的 STL 网格,不自动适用于第三方源材料。