0. — etichetta CAS 124-38-9
0. — label CAS 124-38-9

Carbon Dioxide (CAS 124-38-9)

0.1mg/mL Carbon Dioxide Impurity Analysis. CAS 124-38-9.

Free, and generated automatically from the sources listed on this page. No person has reviewed it, and it describes the substance in general — not your material, your process or your intended market.

REACH 2020/878
v7 · 05.11.2026

Sezione 9 — proprietà chimico-fisiche: 10 su 22 stabilite.

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🧬 Visualizzatore di molecole 3D
Caricamento molecola...
Modello 3D Carbon Dioxide, CAS 124-38-9, formula molecolare CO2, massa molare 44.009 g/mol

Viste del modello

  • Carbon Dioxide (CAS 124-38-9) – modello 3D a sfere e bastoncini, MolGod Viewer
    modello 3D a sfere e bastoncini
  • Carbon Dioxide (CAS 124-38-9) – modello 3D scheletrico, MolGod Viewer
    modello 3D scheletrico
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  • Carbon Dioxide (CAS 124-38-9) – struttura 2D, MolGod Viewer
    struttura 2D

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🖨️ Modello per la stampa 3D e licenzaPREDICTED MODEL · NOT VERIFIED
PREDICTED MODEL — NOT VERIFIED
computed by MolGod Scientific · experimental feature (beta) · may contain errors

No source 3-D conformer was available to MolGod for this substance. MolGod Scientific computed this geometry from the structural formula with RDKit 2026.03.6 (ETKDGv3 conformer generation, MMFF94 force-field optimisation; lowest-energy converged conformer of a fixed-seed set). It is not a measured structure, it does not come from PubChem, and it has not been compared with experimental data. It shows one possible conformation.

Methods and references
  1. RDKit: Open-source cheminformatics, version 2026.03.6. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.22140358 (all versions: doi:10.5281/zenodo.591637)
  2. Riniker S, Landrum GA. Better Informed Distance Geometry: Using What We Know To Improve Conformation Generation. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2015, 55, 2562-2574. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00654
  3. Wang S, Witek J, Landrum GA, Riniker S. Improving Conformer Generation for Small Rings and Macrocycles Based on Distance Geometry and Experimental Torsional-Angle Preferences. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2020, 60, 2044-2058. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00025
  4. Halgren TA. Merck molecular force field. I. Basis, form, scope, parameterization, and performance of MMFF94. J. Comput. Chem. 1996, 17, 490-519. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199604)17:5/6<490::AID-JCC1>3.0.CO;2-P
  5. Tosco P, Stiefl N, Landrum G. Bringing the MMFF force field to the RDKit: implementation and validation. J. Cheminform. 2014, 6, 37. doi:10.1186/s13321-014-0037-3
  6. Heller SR, McNaught A, Pletnev I, Stein S, Tchekhovskoi D. InChI, the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier. J. Cheminform. 2015, 7, 23. doi:10.1186/s13321-015-0068-4
  7. Kim S, Chen J, Cheng T, et al. PubChem 2025 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025, 53, D1516-D1525. doi:10.1093/nar/gkae1059 Compound record: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/280
Carbon Dioxide (CAS 124-38-9), CO2 - 3D ball-and-stick molecular model, engraved element symbols (C O), MolGod STL previewScarica immagine

MG-STL-124-38-9-ENGRAVED · 53,926 △ · 3 MB · SHA-256 371cdd49f2fce6ac

Scarica il modello 3D · ENGRAVED · C O

Carbon Dioxide (CAS 124-38-9), CO2 - 3D ball-and-stick molecular model, MolGod STL previewScarica immagine

MG-STL-124-38-9-NORMAL · 1,344 △ · 66 KB · SHA-256 45e51a44271da4ea

Scarica il modello 3D

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📊 Dati chimico-fisici — CAS 124-38-9
📊 Proprietà fisico-chimiche

Riferimento rapido

Formula: CO2
MW: 44.009 g/mol
CAS: 124-38-9
Aspetto: Gas incolore
Odore: Inodore

Proprietà dettagliate

Integrazione della tabella «Proprietà fisico-chimiche (database)» qui sotto — i valori già mostrati non vengono ripetuti.

Proprietà Valore Unità Conditions Source
Indice di rifrazione (nD) 1.0004[1] 0 °C, D-line CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
🔬 Proprietà avanzate

Identificatori chimici

SMILES: C(=O)=O

Fonti dei dati: CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024) (ISBN 9781032655628)

Ultimo aggiornamento: 2026-09-02

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (1 sources)
  1. Rumble, J.R., ed. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. ↗ si applica a: Indice di rifrazione (nD)
Panoramica chimica: Carbon Dioxide
Formula molecolareCO2[1]
Peso molecolare44.009 g/mol[1]
Punto di fusione-56.6 °C[1][2]
Punto di ebollizione-78.5 °C[1][2]
Densità1.562 g/cm³[2]
LogP (lipofilia)0.83[2]
pKa6.35[2]
Nome IUPACcarbon dioxide[1]
SMILESC(=O)=O[1]
InChIKeyCURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

Sinonimi: carbon dioxide · carbonic anhydride · 124-38-9 · carbonic acid gas · Carbonic acid anhydride

Fonti dei dati: PubChem (NLM/NIH), CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Ultimo aggiornamento: 2026-09-02

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (2 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ si applica a: Formula molecolare · Peso molecolare · Punto di fusione · Punto di ebollizione · Nome IUPAC · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. Rumble, J.R., ed. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. ↗ si applica a: Punto di fusione · Punto di ebollizione · Densità · LogP (lipofilia) · pKa

RICERCA SCIENTIFICA

[1]Doaj2026
Confined spaces in space: Cerebral implications of chronic elevations of inspired carbon dioxide and implications for long‐duration space…
Jay M. J. R. Carr, Philip N. Ainslie, Trevor Day. (2026). "Confined spaces in space: Cerebral implications of chronic elevations of inspired carbon dioxide and implications for long‐duration space tra
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[2]Europe PMC2026
Ruthenium-Based Defective MOFs as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Formate.
et al.. (2026). "Ruthenium-Based Defective MOFs as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Formate.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c13124
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[3]Europe PMC2026
Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis in carbon dioxide valorization.
et al.. (2026). "Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis in carbon dioxide valorization.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s44296-026-00100-3
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[4]Europe PMC2026
Mesoporous Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework Flakes as a Promising Platform for Electrosynthesis of Ethylene from Carbon Dioxide.
et al.. (2026). "Mesoporous Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework Flakes as a Promising Platform for Electrosynthesis of Ethylene from Carbon Dioxide.". https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.70323
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[5]Europe PMC2026
Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Ni-based catalysts: a comprehensive review of coke suppression strategies.
(2026). "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Ni-based catalysts: a comprehensive review of coke suppression strategies.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra03680e
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[6]Europe PMC2026
Room-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor Based on Co-Ferrite Nanoparticles.
(2026). "Room-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor Based on Co-Ferrite Nanoparticles.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c11563
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[7]Europe PMC2026
Carbon Dioxide-Based Biodegradable Polycarbonate Macrodiols: Synthesis, Structure, and Performance.
et al.. (2026). "Carbon Dioxide-Based Biodegradable Polycarbonate Macrodiols: Synthesis, Structure, and Performance.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00138
Vai allo studio completo ↗
[8]Europe PMC2026
Phase Behaviour of Binary Mixtures Involving Near-Critical and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-A Review.
(2026). "Phase Behaviour of Binary Mixtures Involving Near-Critical and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-A Review.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31040614
Vai allo studio completo ↗
📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) 20 refs · 2 baz

MOLECULE Bibliografia per-CAS (live da 13+ banche dati)

Fonti: db:doaj (8) · db:Europe PMC (12)

  1. db:doaj Jay M. J. R. Carr, Philip N. Ainslie, Trevor Day. (2026). "Confined spaces in space: Cerebral implications of chronic elevations of inspired carbon dioxide and implications for long‐duration space travel". Experimental Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP091659 →
  2. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Ruthenium-Based Defective MOFs as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Formate.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c13124 →
  3. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis in carbon dioxide valorization.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s44296-026-00100-3 →
  4. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Mesoporous Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework Flakes as a Promising Platform for Electrosynthesis of Ethylene from Carbon Dioxide.". https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.70323 →
  5. db:Europe PMC (2026). "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Ni-based catalysts: a comprehensive review of coke suppression strategies.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra03680e →
  6. db:Europe PMC (2026). "Room-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor Based on Co-Ferrite Nanoparticles.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c11563 →
  7. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Carbon Dioxide-Based Biodegradable Polycarbonate Macrodiols: Synthesis, Structure, and Performance.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00138 →
  8. db:Europe PMC (2026). "Phase Behaviour of Binary Mixtures Involving Near-Critical and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-A Review.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31040614 →
  9. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "The Evolving Role of Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal in Acute Respiratory Failure: A Narrative Review.". https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.105631 →
  10. db:doaj YANG Kaibo, LIU Ming, YAN Junjie. (2026). "Thermodynamic Analysis of Carbon Capture Coal-Fired Cogeneration System Integrated With Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage". 发电技术. https://doi.org/10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.260416 →
  11. db:doaj Yijia Lv, Farah Rafiq, Xinxin Peng et al.. (2026). "Recent progress in dual-atoms catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction". Environmental Functional Materials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.efmat.2026.02.002 →
  12. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Selective electrosynthesis of urea from nitrate and carbon dioxide with low overpotential.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68497-y →
  13. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Atomically dispersed metal-incorporated, moldable heterogeneous catalyst with coordination geometry-verified ligands for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140942 →
  14. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Direct Electrosynthesis of Glycolate From Carbon Dioxide.". https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.2505348 →
  15. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methanol on Copper-Based Catalysts: Mechanistic Insights and Industrial Prospects.". https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202514994 →
  16. db:doaj Akira Yamaguchi, Hisanobu Taga, Masahiro Miyauchi. (2026). "Investigation of the role of the anion during electrochemical CO2 reduction on copper sulfide (CuS) using the potential-step method". Materials Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ma00736h →
  17. db:doaj Qincong Li, Ting Zhou, Menglu Wei et al.. (2026). "Nearly 100% selective CO2 photoreduction to CO via Fe-modified amino acid-functionalized UiO-66". Metals Advances. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metadv.2026.02.035 →
  18. db:doaj Shiding Zhang, Yuhua Wang, Yitong Wang et al.. (2025). "Enhanced Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Carbon Monoxide Via 2D g-C3N4 Modifying Homologous Perovskite CsPbBr3/CsPb2Br5 Heterojunction". Engineered Science. https://doi.org/10.30919/es1810 →
  19. db:doaj Mahmoud N. Almakhadmeh, Mohamed N. Almubarak, Sagheer A. Onaizi. (2024). "CO2 capture and conversion into valuable chemicals using graphitic carbon nitride: A review". Environmental Functional Materials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.efmat.2024.10.001 →
  20. db:doaj Kalyanasundaram Geetha Thanuja, Subburamu Karthikeyan, Dananjeyan Balachandar et al.. (2022). "Biochar Addition in Flooded Paddy Soil for Ameliorating the Effects of Elevated Carbon dioxide (eCO2)". Madras Agricultural Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.000617 →
Stato normativo della sostanza
Questa sostanza è soggetta a requisiti normativi: gestione dei rifiuti pericolosi (BDO — norma nazionale, Polonia); trasporto di merci pericolose (ADR/RID/IMDG). Dettagli nella sezione "Stato normativo (REACH/ECHA/CLP)" e nella scheda SDS. Informazione normativa — non limita l'acquisto nel negozio.
🧮 Calcolatore stechiometrico
🧪 Dati chimici
Numero CAS
124-38-9
Formula molecolare
CO2
Massa molare
44.009 g/mol
Nome IUPAC (EN)
carbon dioxide
SMILES
C(=O)=O
InChIKey
CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📚 Related literature (20 articoli)

Matched automatically from public bibliographic databases by text similarity. Not curated for this substance, and not part of the safety data sheet.

Mahmoud N. Almakhadmeh, Mohamed N. Almubarak, Sagheer A. Onaizi · (2024) · Environmental Functional Materials
Filtra:
Ordina:
📈 Cronologia delle pubblicazioni
2022
2024
2025
2026
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Density
1.53

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-09-02

🔍 Identificatori esterni
14 su 16 sistemi ID88%
DatabaseIdentificatoreAzioni
CAS Registry Number124-38-9Apri →
PubChem CID280[1]Apri →
InChIKeyCURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]Apri →
InChIInChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3[1]
SMILESC(=O)=O[1]
EC Number204-696-9[2]Apri →
ChEMBLCHEMBL1231871[3]Apri →
DrugBankDB09157Apri →
KEGG CompoundD00004Apri →
HMDBHMDB0001967Apri →
ChemSpider274[4]Apri →
MeSH UID (NLM)D002245Apri →
UNII (FDA)142M471B3JApri →
WikiData QIDQ1997Apri →

Fonti: PubChem (NIH), Wikidata SPARQL, KEGG, ChEMBL (EBI), CompTox CTX (EPA).

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (4 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ si applica a: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ si applica a: EC Number
  3. ChEMBL. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), bioactivity database. ↗ si applica a: ChEMBL
  4. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ si applica a: ChemSpider
📡 Spettroscopia — CAS 124-38-9
📊 Spettri (NMR, IR, MS, UV-Vis) (1)

Tipi di spettri disponibili: IR

Spettro IR (KBr, 4000-400 cm⁻¹)

440 punti dati · Fonte: NIST WebBook · NIST ↗ · 📥 JCAMP-DX
🎓 Guida all'interpretazione degli spettri (per studenti)
Come leggere uno spettro IR
  • 3200-3600 cm⁻¹ — stiramento O-H (picco allargato = legame a idrogeno)
  • 2850-3000 cm⁻¹ — stiramento C-H (sp³)
  • 1650-1750 cm⁻¹ — stiramento C=O (chetoni, aldeidi, esteri)
  • 1400-1600 cm⁻¹ — vibrazioni dell'anello aromatico
  • 1000-1300 cm⁻¹ — stiramento C-O (eteri, alcoli)
  • Nessun assorbimento = gruppo funzionale assente → confrontare con un riferimento

Fonti: LibreTexts ↗, Silverstein (Spectrometric ID) ↗

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (7 sources)
  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2024. "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69." Gaithersburg, MD: NIST. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  2. Spectral Database for Organic Structure Determination (SDBS). 2024. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  3. Ulrich, Eldon L., Hideo Akutsu, John F. Doreleijers, Yoko Harano, Yannis E. Ioannidis, Jundong Lin, Miron Livny, et al. 2008. "BioMagResBank." Nucleic Acids Research 36 (D1): D402–D408. [DOI ↗]
  4. Horai, Hisayuki, Masanori Arita, Shigehiko Kanaya, Yoshito Nihei, Tasuku Ikeda, Kazuhiro Suwa, Yuya Ojima, et al. 2010. "MassBank: A Public Repository for Sharing Mass Spectral Data for Life Sciences." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 45 (7): 703–714. [DOI ↗]
  5. Linstrom, P.J., and W.G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗
  6. McDonald, M. Shane, Mike McAvoy, and Ajit Bhalerao. 1988. "JCAMP-DX: A Standard Form for Exchange of Infrared Spectra in Computer Readable Form." Applied Spectroscopy 42 (1): 151–162. [DOI ↗]
  7. PubChem. 2024. "PubChem Compound Database." National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
Proprietà strutturali
ParametroValoreUnità
Formula molecolareCO2
Massa molare44.009g/mol
Massa esatta43.989829239Da
Massa monoisotopica43.989829239Da
Superficie polare topologica (TPSA)34.1000Ų
XLogP30.9000
Indice di complessità18.3
Donatori di legami a idrogeno0
Accettori di legami a idrogeno2
Legami rotabili0
Atomi pesanti3
Centri stereogenici (atomi)0
Centri stereogenici (legami)0
Volume 3D31.9000ų
Numero di conformeri 3D1
RMSD del modello di conformero0.4000Å
Rotori 3D effettivi0
Accettori di legami a idrogeno (3D)0
Donatori di legami a idrogeno (3D)0
Anelli (3D)0
Centri idrofobici (3D)0
Quadrupolo sterico 3D (X/Y/Z)1.39 / 0.54 / 0.54Ų

Fonte: Proprietà calcolate PubChem, CID 280

❓ Domande frequenti (6)
What is Carbon Dioxide?
Carbon Dioxide (CAS 124-38-9) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CO2 and a molecular weight of 44.009 g/mol. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
Utile?
What is the CAS number of Carbon Dioxide?
The CAS number for Carbon Dioxide is 124-38-9. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
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What is the chemical formula of Carbon Dioxide?
The molecular formula of Carbon Dioxide is CO2. Its molecular weight is 44.009 g/mol.
Utile?
What is the density of Carbon Dioxide?
The density of Carbon Dioxide is 1.53.
Utile?
Is Carbon Dioxide hazardous?
Carbon Dioxide has no harmonised EU classification (CLP Annex VI). The supplier's self-classification (not legally binding) lists: H280, H336. Read the safety data sheet before use and follow the handling precautions it states.
Utile?
How should Carbon Dioxide be stored?
Carbon Dioxide should be stored as its safety data sheet directs — typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
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Scarica i file di struttura

File di struttura molecolare dal database PubChem (NIH). Compatibili con i programmi: Avogadro, PyMOL, Jmol, ChemDraw.

Fonte: PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH). CID: 280

🔄 Convertitore di unità di concentrazione LIVE

Inserisci la concentrazione Carbon Dioxide in qualsiasi unità — il resto verrà calcolato automaticamente.

MW: 44.009 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ Formule di conversione + citazioni (per formula)
ConversionFormulaAccuratezzaSource
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 Bibliografia (8 fonti autorevoli)
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811e2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
Strutture molecolari simili

Caricamento di strutture simili...

🧪 Procedura guidata di preparazione della soluzione WIZARD
① Seleziona la concentrazione
② Volume finale
③ Solvente

Calcoli secondo: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

Chimica computazionale

Descrittori molecolari

ParametroValoreUnità
XLogP3 (lipofilia)0.90
lipofilo (preferisce la fase organica)
Superficie polare topologica (TPSA)34.10Ų
Indice di complessità18.3
Carica formale0
molecola neutra

Caratteristiche farmacoforiche 3D

ParametroValoreUnità
Accettori di legami a idrogeno (3D)0
Donatori di legami a idrogeno (3D)0
Anelli (3D)0
Centri idrofobici (3D)0
Centri anionici (3D)0
Centri cationici (3D)0

Forma e volume

ParametroValoreUnità
Volume 3D31.90ų
Legami rotabili0
Atomi pesanti3

Fonte: Proprietà calcolate PubChem, CID 280

🛡️ Sicurezza — CAS 124-38-9
Avviso sulle limitazioni dei dati. Le informazioni sulla sicurezza contenute in questa pagina hanno carattere informativo e non sostituiscono la scheda di dati di sicurezza (SDS) completa. Prima di utilizzare il prodotto, consultare la scheda di dati di sicurezza aggiornata del produttore e le linee guida GHS/CLP. La classificazione CLP riguarda la sostanza pura bulk, non i preparati commerciali.

Classificazione GHS/CLP — Regolamento (CE) n. 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).

⚠ Attenzione (Warning)
GHS04 — Gas sotto pressione
GHS04 Gas sotto pressione
GHS07 — Irritante / nocivo
GHS07 Irritante / nocivo

🚨 Indicazioni di pericolo (H)

  • H280 — Contiene gas sotto pressione; può esplodere se riscaldato.
  • H336 — Può provocare sonnolenza o vertigini.

🛡 Consigli di prudenza (P)

  • P501 — Smaltire il prodotto/recipiente in …

⚠ Classificazione basata sul consenso delle fonti (PubChem / notifiche dei fornitori) — non verificata rispetto alla classificazione armonizzata dell'allegato VI (CLP). L'ambito dei pericoli può essere più ampio della classificazione ufficiale; prima dell'uso verificare con la scheda di dati di sicurezza aggiornata del fornitore.

Traduzioni: Regolamento CLP (CE) 1272/2008, Allegato III e IV. Dati: PubChem/NLM.

📚 Riferimenti scientifici consolidati — Chicago Author-Date 10 sources

Riferimenti raccolti da tutte le schede del Safety Hub. CAS: 124-38-9 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Normative
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Primo soccorso, Tossicologia
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Primo soccorso, DPI, Tossicologia
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] DPI
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Smaltimento, Normative
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Stoccaggio
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Stoccaggio
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. Norme nazionali — Polonia [↗] Smaltimento
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Tossicologia

Le schede con riferimenti propri (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) contengono ulteriori voci bibliografiche all'interno delle rispettive sezioni.

📈 Statistica analitica (t-test · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

Incolla una serie di misure replicate (CSV oppure un numero per riga). Il calcolatore calcolerà la media, la deviazione standard e il 95% CI, e rileverà gli outlier (Grubbs + Dixon Q).

Separatore: virgola, spazio, tab, nuova riga. Min 3 misurazioni.
📐 Formule statistiche
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — media aritmetica
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — varianza campionaria
  • s = √s² — deviazione standard
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — deviazione standard relativa
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — test di Grubbs
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

Fonte: ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 Calcolatore di ricette per tamponi UNIQUE
Bibliografia: Valori di pKa da Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

Scegli un tampone dall'elenco di 20 sistemi popolari → inserisci il pH target → otterrai una ricetta esatta con le masse da pesare.

Passo 1: Scegli un sistema tampone

📜 Cronologia delle ricette (ultime 10)
Stato farmacologico

Badania kliniczne Faza 3

Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Approvato

Fase III — studi comparativi multicentrici su un'ampia popolazione.

ChEMBL CHEMBL1231871 ↗

🚚 Classificazione di trasporto (ADR / IATA / IMDG) UN 1013
Numero UN
UN 1013
Carbon dioxide
Non-flammable gas
Source: ADR 2025 Tabela A (adr_dangerous_goods.json)

🛣️ ADR Trasporto stradale

Classe:
2.2
Gruppo di imballaggio:
-
Nome di spedizione:
Carbon dioxide
Codice galleria:
(E)
Limited Quantity (L):
120

✈️ IATA Trasporto aereo

Classe:
2.2
Istruzioni di imballaggio:
200
Quantità max (PAX):
75 kg
Quantità max (CAO):
150 kg

🚢 IMDG Trasporto marittimo

Classe:
2.2
EmS Code:
F-C, S-V

Fonti: ADR 2025 ↗ · IATA DGR ↗ · IMDG Code ↗

📅 Project Planner — Gestore degli esperimenti di laboratorio NOVITÀ

Pianifica l'intero progetto di laboratorio: aggiungi esperimenti con reagenti, repliche e durata. Otterrai un diagramma di Gantt, una lista degli acquisti (con link al negozio!), un budget con un margine del 10% e una matrice dei rischi GHS.

🧪 Solubilità e compatibilità con i solventi
Molecola
Carbon Dioxide
Formula
CO2
logP
0.83
Massa (g/mol)
44.009
Polarità
Moderata

⚠️ Stima HSP (letteratura / group contribution). Dati indicativi — non sostituiscono le prove sperimentali.

Ra < R₀ = buona miscibilità · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = al limite · oltre = scarsa (R₀ — raggio della sfera di Hansen di questa molecola) Per questa molecola R₀ = 7..

Solvente Compat. Ra Visuale GC-MS HPLC Applications Riferimenti
Water (H₂O)1.5 g/L (misurato)37.9
✗ NoA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)− Scarsa13.9
✗ NoA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)− Scarsa17.7
✗ NoA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetone+ Buona4.3
✗ NoB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)− Scarsa11.7
✗ NoB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSO− Scarsa12.3
✗ NoN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THF+ Buona3.2
✗ NoB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)+ Buona5.0
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)+ Buona5.3
✓ YesN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexane~ Media8.6
✓ YesA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene~ Media7.7
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 Riferimenti scientifici per i solventi (Chicago Author-Date) — clicca per espandere

11 solventi · 54 citazioni complete (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — di seguito.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia periferica (l'n-esano NON è un cancerogeno secondo la IARC)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
Teoria della solubilità (applicata nella previsione della compatibilità):
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — Tripletta HSP (dD, dP, dH) + formula Ra.
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solvatochromism.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution for dD/dP/dH from SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — Set tabulare completo di 250+ solventi (ε, μ, donicità, numeri di accettore).
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 124-38-9 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Bibliografia completa nell'accordion RIFERIMENTI (in fondo alla pagina) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

⚗️ Verifica la compatibilità della reazione
1 0 0
Salute: 1/4
Infiammabilità: 0/4
Reattività: 0/4
Secondo NFPA 704 / calcolato dai codici H

Verifica se Carbon Dioxide è compatibile con un altro reagente

📦 Matrice di compatibilità di stoccaggio
Acidi Bases Ossidanti Infiammabile Tossico Gazy
Acidi ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Bases ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
Ossidanti ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Infiammabile ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
Tossico ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ Conservabili insieme · ⚠ Attenzione · ✗ NON conservare insieme · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

Dati di compatibilità da: Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 Calcolatori da laboratorio (8)
Dilution (C₁V₁=C₂V₂)
Molarità (M=n/V)
Tampone pH (Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Beer-Lambert (A=εcl)
Massa → Moli
Concentration % → M
ppm → mg/L
Temperatura C↔F↔K

Formule verificate: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 Database di spettri spettroscopici
📋 Generatore di protocolli di laboratorio

Protocollo generato sulla base di: GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ Generatore di etichette (QR)
Carbon Dioxide• carbonic anhydride / carbonic acid gas• IUPAC: carbon dioxide• CAS: 124-38-9• EC: 204-696-9• Formula: CO2• Massa: 44.009 g/molATTENZIONEINDICAZIONI DI PERICOLO GHS:(autoclassificazione dei fornitori — non vincolante)H280: Contiene gas sotto pressione; può esplodere se riscaldato.P501: Smaltire il prodotto/recipiente in …Solo per uso di laboratorio!Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX Londonpure@molgod.orgmolgod.orgN. lotto: Massa netta:
⏳ Consulente di stabilità & durata di conservazione Arrhenius
Metodologia: Arrhenius equation k = A·exp(-Ea/RT). Citazione: Connors KA et al. 1986 · ICH Q1A(R2)

Inserisci le condizioni di conservazione → l'algoritmo di Arrhenius prevedrà la concentrazione residua, il tempo di dimezzamento e la raccomandazione d'uso.

❄️ Raccomandazioni di conservazione
Temperature:
5-25°C
Container:
Steel cylinder
Incompatible:
Alkali metals
🧪 Assistente di preparazione della soluzione (Smart Prep)

Inserisci cosa vuoi preparare — genererò una SOP

Esempi qui sotto — clicca per inserire:
Ricette predefinite:
📚 Panoramica della letteratura scientifica — CAS 124-38-9
⭐ Risultati principali (letteratura scientifica) 20 publications
🏆 CAS 124-38-9 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% citazioni · 20% recency · 20% topic · 15% historical · 15% open access.
  1. #1
    et al. (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 9.95 Meccanismo Citazioni: 4 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  2. #2
    et al. (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 9.28 Industria Citazioni: 2 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  3. #3
    Jay M. J. R. Carr, Philip N. Ainslie, Trevor Day (2026) · Experimental Physiology
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 9.15 Farmacologia Citazioni: 4 Open Access DOI ↗
  4. #4
    Mahmoud N. Almakhadmeh, Mohamed N. Almubarak, Sagheer A. Onaizi (2024) · Environmental Functional Materials
    Perché è importante: Recente (2024) · open access
    SCORE 8.79 Meccanismo Citazioni: 6 Open Access DOI ↗
  5. #5
    et al. (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 8.75 Meccanismo Citazioni: 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  6. #6
    et al. (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.85 Meccanismo Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  7. #7
    (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.85 Meccanismo Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  8. #8
    et al. (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.85 Meccanismo Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  9. #9
    Yijia Lv, Farah Rafiq, Xinxin Peng et al. (2026) · Environmental Functional Materials
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.85 Industria Open Access DOI ↗
  10. #10
    et al. (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Meccanismo Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  11. #11
    (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Industria Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  12. #12
    Shiding Zhang, Yuhua Wang, Yitong Wang et al. (2025) · Engineered Science
    Perché è importante: Recente (2025) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Meccanismo Open Access DOI ↗
  13. #13
    Akira Yamaguchi, Hisanobu Taga, Masahiro Miyauchi (2026) · Materials Advances
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Meccanismo Open Access DOI ↗
  14. #14
    Qincong Li, Ting Zhou, Menglu Wei et al. (2026) · Metals Advances
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Industria Open Access DOI ↗
  15. #15
    (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 6.25 Meccanismo Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  16. #16
    et al. (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 6.25 Farmacologia Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  17. #17
    YANG Kaibo, LIU Ming, YAN Junjie (2026) · 发电技术
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 6.25 Meccanismo Open Access DOI ↗
  18. #18
    Kalyanasundaram Geetha Thanuja, Subburamu Karthikeyan, Dananjeyan Balachandar et al. (2022) · Madras Agricultural Journal
    Perché è importante: Open access
    SCORE 5.85 Meccanismo Open Access DOI ↗
  19. #19
    et al. (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026)
    SCORE 5.6 Meccanismo DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  20. #20
    et al. (2026)
    Perché è importante: Recente (2026)
    SCORE 4.8 Meccanismo DOI ↗ PubMed ↗

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0.1mg/mL Carbon Dioxide Impurity Analysis — CAS 124-38-9. Prepared from the supplier’s public catalogue; not verified against their internal data.

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📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) — fare clic per espandere

Standard di gestione dei lotti e di certificazione di laboratorio — 13 fonti indipendenti (ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG).

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [link ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [link ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [link ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [link ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [link ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [link ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [link ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [link ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [link ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [link ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [link ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [link ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📜 Brevetti (metadati pubblici) nessun dato

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📚 Riferimenti (Chicago Author-Date) — fare clic per espandere
  1. Jay M. J. R. Carr, Philip N. Ainslie, Trevor Day. (2026). "Confined spaces in space: Cerebral implications of chronic elevations of inspired carbon dioxide and implications for long‐duration space travel". Experimental Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP091659
  2. et al.. (2026). "Ruthenium-Based Defective MOFs as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Formate.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c13124
  3. et al.. (2026). "Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis in carbon dioxide valorization.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s44296-026-00100-3
  4. et al.. (2026). "Mesoporous Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework Flakes as a Promising Platform for Electrosynthesis of Ethylene from Carbon Dioxide.". https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.70323
  5. (2026). "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Ni-based catalysts: a comprehensive review of coke suppression strategies.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra03680e
  6. (2026). "Room-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor Based on Co-Ferrite Nanoparticles.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c11563
  7. et al.. (2026). "Carbon Dioxide-Based Biodegradable Polycarbonate Macrodiols: Synthesis, Structure, and Performance.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00138
  8. (2026). "Phase Behaviour of Binary Mixtures Involving Near-Critical and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-A Review.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31040614
  9. et al.. (2026). "The Evolving Role of Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal in Acute Respiratory Failure: A Narrative Review.". https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.105631
  10. YANG Kaibo, LIU Ming, YAN Junjie. (2026). "Thermodynamic Analysis of Carbon Capture Coal-Fired Cogeneration System Integrated With Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage". 发电技术. https://doi.org/10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.260416
  11. Yijia Lv, Farah Rafiq, Xinxin Peng et al.. (2026). "Recent progress in dual-atoms catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction". Environmental Functional Materials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.efmat.2026.02.002
  12. et al.. (2026). "Selective electrosynthesis of urea from nitrate and carbon dioxide with low overpotential.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68497-y
  13. et al.. (2026). "Atomically dispersed metal-incorporated, moldable heterogeneous catalyst with coordination geometry-verified ligands for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140942
  14. et al.. (2026). "Direct Electrosynthesis of Glycolate From Carbon Dioxide.". https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.2505348
  15. et al.. (2026). "Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methanol on Copper-Based Catalysts: Mechanistic Insights and Industrial Prospects.". https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202514994
  16. Akira Yamaguchi, Hisanobu Taga, Masahiro Miyauchi. (2026). "Investigation of the role of the anion during electrochemical CO2 reduction on copper sulfide (CuS) using the potential-step method". Materials Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ma00736h
  17. Qincong Li, Ting Zhou, Menglu Wei et al.. (2026). "Nearly 100% selective CO2 photoreduction to CO via Fe-modified amino acid-functionalized UiO-66". Metals Advances. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metadv.2026.02.035
  18. Shiding Zhang, Yuhua Wang, Yitong Wang et al.. (2025). "Enhanced Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Carbon Monoxide Via 2D g-C3N4 Modifying Homologous Perovskite CsPbBr3/CsPb2Br5 Heterojunction". Engineered Science. https://doi.org/10.30919/es1810
  19. Mahmoud N. Almakhadmeh, Mohamed N. Almubarak, Sagheer A. Onaizi. (2024). "CO2 capture and conversion into valuable chemicals using graphitic carbon nitride: A review". Environmental Functional Materials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.efmat.2024.10.001
  20. Kalyanasundaram Geetha Thanuja, Subburamu Karthikeyan, Dananjeyan Balachandar et al.. (2022). "Biochar Addition in Flooded Paddy Soil for Ameliorating the Effects of Elevated Carbon dioxide (eCO2)". Madras Agricultural Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.000617
  21. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
  22. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
  23. European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
  24. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  25. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  26. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  27. Meanwell, Nicholas A. 2011. "Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 54 (8): 2529-2591.
  28. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of Synthetic Accessibility Score of Drug-Like Molecules Based on Molecular Complexity and Fragment Contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  29. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  30. Allison, John R., and Mark A. Lemley. 1998. "Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents." AIPLA Quarterly Journal 26 (3): 185-275.
  31. Patani, George A., and Edmond J. LaVoie. 1996. "Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design." Chemical Reviews 96 (8): 3147-3176.
  32. Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

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📚 RIFERIMENTI (Bibliografia complessiva, Chicago Author-Date) 78 elementi

Tutte le fonti scientifiche citate negli accordion sopra per il CAS 124-38-9.Formato: Chicago Manual of Style 17ª ed., sistema Author-Date.

🗄️ Banche dati scientifiche

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 124-38-9. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=124-38-9.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 124-38-9. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 124-38-9. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=124-38-9.

📐 Standard / Linee guida

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 Libri

  1. Rumble, John R., ed. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 105th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  3. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  4. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780471879558.
  5. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  6. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 Articoli scientifici (peer-reviewed)

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 Siti web

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  10. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  11. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  12. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  13. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  14. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  15. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  16. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  17. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  18. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
  19. Heckert, N. A., and J. J. Filliben. 2003. "NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods." NIST Handbook 151. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
  20. Grubbs, Frank E. 1950. "Sample Criteria for Testing Outlying Observations." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (1): 27–58.
  21. Dixon, Wilfrid J. 1950. "Analysis of Extreme Values." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (4): 488–506.
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  23. Student [William Sealy Gosset]. 1908. "The Probable Error of a Mean." Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25.
  24. International Organization for Standardization. 2005. "ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and Symbols — Part 1: General Statistical Terms and Terms Used in Probability." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/40145.html.
  25. Thompson, Michael, Stephen L. R. Ellison, and Roger Wood. 2002. "Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 835–855.
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  27. International Air Transport Association. 2026. Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). 67th ed. Montreal: IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/.
  28. International Maritime Organization. 2024. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, 2024 Edition (Amendment 42-24). London: IMO. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx.
  29. United Nations. 2025. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations (Orange Book). 24th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.24. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-model-regulations.
  30. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2025. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284). 2025–2026 ed. Montreal: ICAO. https://www.icao.int/safety/DangerousGoods/Pages/technical-instructions.aspx.
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  32. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2020. "Rozporządzenie Ministra Klimatu z dnia 2 stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów." Dziennik Ustaw RP 2020 poz. 10. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20200000010. Norme nazionali — Polonia
  33. Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ). 2024. "Baza Danych O Odpadach (BDO) — System rejestracji firm utylizacyjnych." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. https://bdo.mos.gov.pl/. Norme nazionali — Polonia
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  39. OSHA. 2024. "Occupational Chemical Database — Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOPER)." Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata.
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📥 Scarica BibTeX📥 Scarica RISImportazione in Zotero/Mendeley/EndNote/Papers.
📜 Licenza e provenienzaPREDICTED MODEL · NOT VERIFIED
PREDICTED MODEL — NOT VERIFIED
computed by MolGod Scientific · experimental feature (beta) · may contain errors

No source 3-D conformer was available to MolGod for this substance. MolGod Scientific computed this geometry from the structural formula with RDKit 2026.03.6 (ETKDGv3 conformer generation, MMFF94 force-field optimisation; lowest-energy converged conformer of a fixed-seed set). It is not a measured structure, it does not come from PubChem, and it has not been compared with experimental data. It shows one possible conformation.

Methods and references
  1. RDKit: Open-source cheminformatics, version 2026.03.6. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.22140358 (all versions: doi:10.5281/zenodo.591637)
  2. Riniker S, Landrum GA. Better Informed Distance Geometry: Using What We Know To Improve Conformation Generation. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2015, 55, 2562-2574. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00654
  3. Wang S, Witek J, Landrum GA, Riniker S. Improving Conformer Generation for Small Rings and Macrocycles Based on Distance Geometry and Experimental Torsional-Angle Preferences. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2020, 60, 2044-2058. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00025
  4. Halgren TA. Merck molecular force field. I. Basis, form, scope, parameterization, and performance of MMFF94. J. Comput. Chem. 1996, 17, 490-519. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199604)17:5/6<490::AID-JCC1>3.0.CO;2-P
  5. Tosco P, Stiefl N, Landrum G. Bringing the MMFF force field to the RDKit: implementation and validation. J. Cheminform. 2014, 6, 37. doi:10.1186/s13321-014-0037-3
  6. Heller SR, McNaught A, Pletnev I, Stein S, Tchekhovskoi D. InChI, the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier. J. Cheminform. 2015, 7, 23. doi:10.1186/s13321-015-0068-4
  7. Kim S, Chen J, Cheng T, et al. PubChem 2025 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025, 53, D1516-D1525. doi:10.1093/nar/gkae1059 Compound record: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/280
Modello
Carbon Dioxide · 124-38-9
InChIKey
CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Licenza
CC BY-SA 4.0 International (diritti sulla fonte indeterminati — non ancora concessa)
Attribuzione
MolGod Scientific — Carbon Dioxide (CAS 124-38-9)
Scheda di licenza e provenienza
Carbon Dioxide (CAS 124-38-9) →
Scheda molecolare MolGod
Carbon Dioxide →
Dati di origine
PubChem CID 280 ↗
Informazioni sul modello
STL generato da MolGod · MolGod STL Exporter build 48804cd20b0d · generato il 2026-10-14
SHA-256 (STL)
45e51a44271da4ea9a4fbbf9d13fe4e42f4a96d94a510b79c931b1489c38e62b
MD5 (STL)
ceda148ca2f062a2c7e02981a4778b4b
Identificativo del modello
MG-STL-124-38-9
Trasformazione
Mesh a sfere e bastoncini MolGod Scientific
Modifiche
PREDICTED geometry computed by MolGod Scientific (RDKit), NOT verified; rendered as a triangulated mesh.
Wikimedia Commons
non ancora pubblicato
Modello di molecola gratuito da stampare
Scarica il modello, stampalo e usalo nella didattica. Quando pubblichi una foto, un materiale o un adattamento, la licenza CC BY-SA 4.0 International richiede di indicare “MolGod Scientific” come autore del modello, inserire un link all’originale e al testo della licenza, segnalare le modifiche apportate e condividere gli adattamenti con la stessa licenza. Un testo di attribuzione pronto all’uso si trova in questa sezione. Nessuna registrazione, nessun costo e nessun obbligo di recensione.

Questa licenza si applica alla mesh STL creata da MolGod, non automaticamente al materiale di origine di terzi.