cadmium-pyrophoric-CAS-7440-43-9-—-Safety-Data-Sheet CAS_NUMBER 7440-43-9 (zh_CN)

cadmium (pyrophoric) (CAS 7440-43-9) — Safety Data Sheet

IARC第1组 — 对人类致癌的物质
CAS: 7440-43-9 | IARC来源
EU · SVHCUK · SVHCCA · DSL (toxic)AU · AICSMolGod评分：主要

Safety data sheet documentation for cadmium (pyrophoric) (CAS 7440-43-9), compiled to REACH Annex II with classification read against the harmonised entry in CLP Annex VI (H250, H350, H341, H361fd). Two options: a working draft sent by e-mail immediately, or a signed card issued within 72 hours of complete input. The item supplied is a document — MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

Free, and generated automatically from the sources listed on this page. No person has reviewed it, and it describes the substance in general — not your material, your process or your intended market.

REACH 2020/878
v4 · 07.09.2026
下载安全数据表 (PDF)CAS 7440-43-9 · PDF · 189 KB工作草稿 — 尚未经过审核和批准。

第 9 部分 — 理化特性：已确定 8 项，共 22 项。

我们展示已确定的内容，并指明尚未确定的内容。每张卡片上的分类和标识信息都是完整的；公开数据较少的是第9部分。

本页出售的是该物质的文件，而非物质本身。请选择您所需的级别。

  1. €0审核您现有的文件将您现有的该物质文件发给我们，我们会告诉您其中有哪些问题。每家公司限一次。如果文件没有问题，您无需购买任何东西。开始免费审核 →
  2. €49.99工作草案完整的十六部分文件，附参考文献，结账后可立即下载。在文书工作尚未定稿时的合适选择。
  3. €249.99签署版文件同一份文件经审核并签署，在收到完整资料后 72 小时内出具 — 以备官方询问由谁对其负责之时。

该物质可提供的文件： 安全数据表 · CLP 标签 · 分析证书（应要求提供） · 规格书。语言：您目标市场的官方语言，按每份文件单独制作。

此处不显示等级、纯度、物理形态、包装、最小起订量和交货期，因为 MolGod 不供应该物料 — 这些是关于卖方的信息，而本页没有卖方。它们会出现在我们为供应商搭建的店铺中，在那里有人能对其负责。

先查看成品文件完整价目表 →

您将收到的内容 — 以及这不是什么

您将收到的内容

  • 一份数字 PDF 安全数据表，采用 REACH 附件 II（法规 1907/2006）规定的十六部分结构。
  • 物质标识、危害分类、理化、毒理学和生态学信息以及法规参考。
  • 如该物质在 CLP 附件 VI 中有统一分类条目，则依据该条目核对分类。
  • 版本号、编制日期，以及每个附有来源的数值所依据的来源。
  • 通过电子邮件交付，不寄送任何实物。

这不是什么

  • 不是化学物质，不是样品，也不是任何实物商品。
  • 这不是认证。欧盟不存在针对安全数据表的官方认证制度。
  • 不构成法律批准，也不保证在任何司法管辖区合规。
  • 不能替代您自己的法规评估，也不能替代您实际持有物质的制造商或进口商提供的安全数据表。
  • 除非您提供相关信息，否则不针对特定工作场所、工艺或国家附录进行调整。

当现有证据不足以支持某一数值时，数据表会注明该数值未确定，而不是进行估算。没有记录来源的字段会被如实标注。

买方资料包包含哪些内容

您的合规专员会要求的一切，集中在一个文件中。

  • PDF 格式的产品页面 — 与发布内容一致的记录，确保您转发的内容与您阅读的内容相符。
  • 与您权限级别相应的安全数据表 — 按 REACH 附件 II 规定顺序排列的十六个部分，针对该物质，采用您选择的语言。
  • CLP 标签设计稿 — 与安全数据表基于同一分类生成，因此两者不可能互相矛盾。
  • 规格书，以及在有批次数据时提供的分析证书。
  • sources.txt — 每条引用均注明查阅日期。
  • 我们无法确定事项的明确清单 — 相关字段标注为“不可用”，而不是用估计值填充。这是文件中诚实的部分，我们不会把它藏在脚注里。

您的欧洲买方会把这些资料转发给没有参加通话的人。资料包的意义在于，让其转发的内容完整、不言自明且可追溯 — 而不是四个附件加一句以 “我想就这些了” 开头的话。

SKU: SDS-7440-43-9 Category: Tags: , , , , , , , , , , , ,

这些选项用于切换本页面的语言。 Single substances. Mixtures on enquiry. One document, one language — additional languages are priced separately. Every version, including the Chinese one, is written to EU law — (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) Annex II and (EU) 2020/878 — and translated from it. The Chinese version is a reference translation, not a legally valid document for the Chinese market: an SDS for China must be compiled separately to GB/T 16483 and GB/T 17519.

🧬 3D分子可视化器
正在加载分子...
3D模型Cadmium，CAS 7440-43-9，分子式Cd, 摩尔质量 112.41 g/mol

数据转录自法规登记册和专业文献，并注明来源与版本。不能替代供应商的安全数据表。未记录来源的字段已作相应标注。

📊 物理化学数据 — CAS 7440-43-9
📊 物理化学性质

快速参考

化学式： Cd
分子量： 112.41 g/mol
CAS号： 7440-43-9
外观： 银白色金属
气味： 无味
🔬 高级属性

化学标识符

SMILES: [Cd]

最后更新： 2026-08-25

化学概述: Cadmium
分子式Cd[1]
分子量112.41 g/mol[1]
熔点321.11 °C[1]
沸点765 °C[1]
密度8.69 g/cm³[1]
SMILES[Cd][1]
InChIKeyBDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

同义词: CADMIUM · 7440-43-9 · Cadmium, elemental · Colloidal cadmium · Kadmium

数据来源： PubChem (NLM/NIH)
最后更新： 2026-08-25

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (1 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: 分子式 · 分子量 · 熔点 · 沸点 · 密度 · SMILES · InChIKey

科学研究

[1]Europe PMC2026
Silicon mitigates combined cadmium and microplastics toxicity in rice by regulating glyoxalase system, and phytochelatin-mediated cadmium detoxification.
et al.. (2026). "Silicon mitigates combined cadmium and microplastics toxicity in rice by regulating glyoxalase system, and phytochelatin-mediated cadmium detoxification.". https://doi.org/10.1186/s12
查看完整研究 ↗
[2]Europe PMC2026
Acidocalcisome deficiency impairs polyphosphate-mediated cadmium sequestration and causes persistent photosynthetic impairment in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
et al.. (2026). "Acidocalcisome deficiency impairs polyphosphate-mediated cadmium sequestration and causes persistent photosynthetic impairment in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.". https://doi.org/10.1016/
查看完整研究 ↗
[3]Europe PMC2026
Maternal Cadmium Exposure Impairs Lactational Performance and Milk Quality in Mice.
et al.. (2026). "Maternal Cadmium Exposure Impairs Lactational Performance and Milk Quality in Mice.". https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15100754
查看完整研究 ↗
[4]Europe PMC2026
Cadmium-tolerant root microbes reduce cadmium accumulation in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.
et al.. (2026). "Cadmium-tolerant root microbes reduce cadmium accumulation in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.". https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21229
查看完整研究 ↗
[5]Europe PMC2026
Bioactive metabolites from endophytic Fusarium equiseti isolated from Hyoscyamus muticus mitigate cadmium toxicity in biological models.
et al.. (2026). "Bioactive metabolites from endophytic Fusarium equiseti isolated from Hyoscyamus muticus mitigate cadmium toxicity in biological models.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-59146-x
查看完整研究 ↗
[6]Europe PMC2026
Integrated Physio-Biochemistry and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of 24-Epibrassinolide in Alleviating Cadmium Stress in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus…
et al.. (2026). "Integrated Physio-Biochemistry and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of 24-Epibrassinolide in Alleviating Cadmium Stress in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.).". https://doi
查看完整研究 ↗
[7]Europe PMC2026
Subchronic Cadmium-Induced Xenobiotic Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats: Antioxidant and Reproductive Protection by Standardized Silymarin with Molecular Docking…
et al.. (2026). "Subchronic Cadmium-Induced Xenobiotic Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats: Antioxidant and Reproductive Protection by Standardized Silymarin with Molecular Docking Insights.". https://doi.or
查看完整研究 ↗
[8]Europe PMC2026
Microbial intervention by Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5-1 alleviates cadmium toxicity in pea cultivation.
et al.. (2026). "Microbial intervention by Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5-1 alleviates cadmium toxicity in pea cultivation.". https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2026.2689808
查看完整研究 ↗
📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） 18 refs · 3 baz

MOLECULE 按CAS号参考文献（实时来自13+数据库）

来源： db:Europe PMC (14) · db:doaj (5) · db:arxiv (1)

  1. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Silicon mitigates combined cadmium and microplastics toxicity in rice by regulating glyoxalase system, and phytochelatin-mediated cadmium detoxification.". https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08561-3 →
  2. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Acidocalcisome deficiency impairs polyphosphate-mediated cadmium sequestration and causes persistent photosynthetic impairment in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111555 →
  3. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Maternal Cadmium Exposure Impairs Lactational Performance and Milk Quality in Mice.". https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15100754 →
  4. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Cadmium-tolerant root microbes reduce cadmium accumulation in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.". https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21229 →
  5. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Bioactive metabolites from endophytic Fusarium equiseti isolated from Hyoscyamus muticus mitigate cadmium toxicity in biological models.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-59146-x →
  6. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Subchronic Cadmium-Induced Xenobiotic Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats: Antioxidant and Reproductive Protection by Standardized Silymarin with Molecular Docking Insights.". https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16030103 →
  7. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Microbial intervention by Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5-1 alleviates cadmium toxicity in pea cultivation.". https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2026.2689808 →
  8. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Influence of Ultrafine Bubbles (UFBs) on Cadmium Toxicity in Polypedilum nubifer (Chironomidae).". https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2026010 →
  9. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Protective effect of Commiphora gileadensis against cadmium toxicity in male rats.". https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i5.58 →
  10. db:Europe PMC (2026). "Nano-formulated curcumin restores hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disturbance in cadmium-induced female reproductive toxicity.". https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i5.5 →
  11. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances the cadmium stress tolerance of Medicago sativa in association with regulation of the aminolevulinic acid pathway.". https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08798-y →
  12. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Application of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles for the Magnetic Removal of Algae That Bind Cadmium.". https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16060361 →
  13. db:doaj M. B. Yessenaliyeva, R. S. Dossymbekova, Z. B. Tungushbayeva et al.. (2026). "Dose-dependent hematological effects of cadmium in Wistar rats: peripheral blood indices as early biomarkers of toxicity". Brazilian Journal of Biology. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.303122 →
  14. db:doaj Haodong Wang, Zhi Lu, Gongyin Chen et al.. (2026). "Lycopene-mediated mitigation of cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in broilers is associated with restoring mitochondrial homeostasis". Poultry Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107251 →
  15. db:doaj ASM Aljohani, S Al Dakhil, AS Soliman et al.. (2026). "The efficacy of sap obtained from Commiphora gileadensis against cadmium-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rats". Veterinární Medicína. https://doi.org/10.17221/86/2025-VETMED →
  16. db:doaj Zihao Zhang, Zihao Zhang, Yutao Lu et al.. (2026). "Neurotoxic mechanisms of cadmium in neurodegenerative diseases". Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2026.1899381 →
  17. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Exogenous γ-polyglutamic acid alleviates cadmium stress in rice through redox regulation and modulation of cadmium accumulation.". https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.70721 →
  18. db:arxiv Arash Dehzangi, John Armstrong, Chris Schaake et al.. (2025). "Study on P-Type Doping of Mid-Wave and Long-Wave Infrared Mercury Cadmium Telluride". arXiv (2504.17711v1).
物质监管状态
清单： EU/SVHC, UK / SVHC, CA / DSL (toxic), AU/AICS. 监管信息——不限制在本店购买。
🧮 化学计量计算器
🧪 化学数据
CAS号
7440-43-9
分子式
Cd
摩尔质量
112.41 g/mol
SMILES
[Cd]
InChIKey
BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📚 Related literature (20 篇文章)

Matched automatically from public bibliographic databases by text similarity. Not curated for this substance, and not part of the safety data sheet.

Sean M. Hays, Monica Nordberg, Janice W. Yager et al. · (2008) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
Yan Song, Yibana Wang, Weifeng Mao et al. · (2017) · PLoS ONE
James K. Ellis, Toby J. Athersuch, Laura Thomas et al. · (2012) · BMC Medicine
Haiyun Wu, Qilin Liao, Steven N. Chillrud et al. · (2016) · Scientific Reports
Anna Winiarska‐Mieczan · (2013) · Biological Trace Element Research
筛选：
排序：
📈 出版时间线
1984
2008
2012
2013
2015
2016
2017
2019
2020
2022
2026
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Density
8.65

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-08-25

🔍 外部标识符
12 / 16个ID系统75%
数据库标识符操作
CAS Registry Number7440-43-9打开 →
PubChem CID23973[1]打开 →
InChIKeyBDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]打开 →
InChIInChI=1S/Cd[1]
SMILES[Cd][1]
EC Number231-152-8[2]打开 →
DrugBankDB14085打开 →
KEGG CompoundC01413打开 →
ChemSpider22410[3]打开 →
MeSH UID (NLM)D002104打开 →
UNII (FDA)00BH33GNGH打开 →
WikiData QIDQ1091打开 →

来源：PubChem (NIH)、Wikidata SPARQL、KEGG、ChEMBL (EBI)、CompTox CTX (EPA)。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (3 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ applies to: EC Number
  3. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ applies to: ChemSpider

Further reading

Publications thematically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value shown on this card.

扩展参考文献 (4)

  1. ★★★★☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 付费墙（可能） ✓ 已验证 Hays SM; Nordberg M; Yager JW et al.. 2008. "Biomonitoring Equivalents (BE) dossier for cadmium (Cd) (CAS No. 7440-43-9)." Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11]
  2. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. 2012. "Cadmium 7440‐43‐9." Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials: 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471701343.sdp04675.pub2. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11] CC0 (metadata)
  3. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ✓ 已验证 Hays, Sean M., Nordberg, Monica, Yager, Janice W., Aylward, Lesa L.. 2008. "Biomonitoring Equivalents (BE) dossier for cadmium (Cd) (CAS No. 7440-43-9)." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 51 (3): S49-S56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.05.008. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11] CC0 (metadata)
  4. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. 2004. "Cadmium 7440-43-9." Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471701343.sdp04675. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11] CC0 (metadata)
📡 光谱学 — CAS 7440-43-9
📊 光谱数据库 — 内联数据 8 来源

光谱按需从9个来源获取。每个光谱都存储在我们的数据库中 — 下次打开时无需向外部API发出请求。无需搜索即可为每个光谱下载JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG。

IR IR (Infrared) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ 点击加载光谱
🔗 来源
— 点
📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
MS (NIST) Mass Spectrum (EI) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ 点击加载光谱
🔗 来源
— 点
📚 NIST Standard Reference Database 1A
UV-Vis UV/Visible Absorption — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ 点击加载光谱
🔗 来源
— 点
📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
MS (MoNA) MoNA — MassBank of North America
CC-BY 4.0
▶ 点击加载光谱
🔗 来源
— 点
📚 MassBank of North America (UC Davis) DOI: 10.1002/jms.1777
IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) SDBS — Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (Japan AIST)
Free for non-commercial

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) →
📚 SDBSWeb: https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp (AIST, Japan)
JP Monograph Japanese Pharmacopoeia — Monographs
Reference only

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 JP Monograph →
📚 Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th Edition (2021)
WHO INN WHO — International Nonproprietary Names
WHO Model Lists (free)

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 WHO INN →
📚 WHO INN Programme
DOAJ DOAJ — Directory of Open Access Journals
OA journal index (mixed)

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 DOAJ →
📚 DOAJ — doaj.org

数据仅获取一次（JCAMP-DX 解析器），并保存在插件的本地数据库中。不重复下载，再次打开时不查询 NIST。遵守许可（仅发布深层链接和自有可视化）。

🔬 交互式光谱（实时 — NIST / MoNA / NMRShiftDB / SDBS） (2)

数据从多个来源实时获取（优先级链）。每个光谱下可下载JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG。

IR — 傅里叶变换红外光谱

正在加载 IR — 傅里叶变换红外光谱…

MS — 质谱（EI 70eV）

正在加载 MS — 质谱（EI 70eV）…

结构性质

正在加载结构数据...

❓ 常见问题 (10)
What are the physicochemical properties of Cadmium?
Physicochemical properties of Cadmium are available in the chemical data section on the product page.
有帮助吗？
What is Cadmium?
Cadmium (CAS 7440-43-9) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Cd and a molecular weight of 112.41 g/mol. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
有帮助吗？
What is the CAS number of Cadmium?
The CAS number for Cadmium is 7440-43-9. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
有帮助吗？
What is the chemical formula of Cadmium?
The molecular formula of Cadmium is Cd. Its molecular weight is 112.41 g/mol.
有帮助吗？
What is the density of Cadmium?
The density of Cadmium is 8.65.
有帮助吗？
What is 7440-43-9?
7440-43-9 (CAS 7440-43-9) is a chemical compound. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
有帮助吗？
What is the CAS number of 7440-43-9?
The CAS number for 7440-43-9 is 7440-43-9. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
有帮助吗？
Is Cadmium hazardous?
Cadmium is classified as hazardous (signal word: Danger); its pictograms and hazard statements are set out in section 2 of its safety data sheet. Read the safety data sheet before use and follow the handling precautions it states.
有帮助吗？
How should Cadmium be stored?
Cadmium should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
有帮助吗？
How should 7440-43-9 be stored?
7440-43-9 should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
有帮助吗？
➕ 建议问题
下载结构文件

来自PubChem数据库（NIH）的分子结构文件。兼容Avogadro、PyMOL、Jmol和ChemDraw等程序。

来源：PubChem，美国国家医学图书馆（NIH）。 CID: 23973

🔄 浓度单位转换器 实时

输入Cadmium浓度（任意单位），其余将自动计算。

分子量： 112.41 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ 转换公式及引用（每个公式）
转换分子式准确度来源
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 参考文献（8个权威来源）
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
相似分子结构

正在加载相似结构...

🧪 溶液制备向导 WIZARD
① 选择浓度
② 目标体积
③ 溶剂

计算依据： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

计算化学

正在加载计算数据...

🛡️ 安全 — CAS 7440-43-9
数据限制说明。 本页安全信息仅供参考，不能替代完整的安全数据表（SDS）。使用产品前，请查阅制造商当前的安全数据表以及GHS/CLP指南。CLP分类适用于纯散装物质，不适用于商业制剂。

GHS/CLP分类——(EC) No 1272/2008法规 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021)。

⚠️ 危险 (Danger)
GHS02 — 易燃
GHS02 易燃
GHS06 — 毒性
GHS06 毒性
GHS08 — 健康危害
GHS08 健康危害
GHS09 — 环境危害
GHS09 环境危害

🚨 危险说明（H）

  • H250 — 暴露在空气中会自燃
  • H350 — 可能致癌(说明接触途径――如已确证无其他接触途径造成这一危害)
  • H341 — 怀疑会导致遗传性缺陷(说明接触途径――如已确证无其他接触途径造成这一危害)
  • H361fd — Suspected of damaging fertility. Suspected of damaging the unborn child
  • H330 — 吸入致命
  • H372 — 长期或反复接触会对器官造成伤害(说明已知的所有受影响器官)( 说明接触途径――如已确证无其他接触途径造成这一危害)
  • H410 — 对水生生物毒性极大并具有长期持续影响

🛡 防范说明（P）

  • P203 — 使用前取得、阅读并遵循所有安全说明书。
  • P273 — 避免释放到环境中。

✓ 根据CLP法规(EC) 1272/2008附件VI的统一分类（官方、具有约束力的分类）。 索引号：048-011-00-X。

参考文献（芝加哥格式）： European Chemicals Agency. "cadmium (pyrophoric), Index No. 048-011-00-X." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

⚠ IARC — 组 1: 对人类致癌. (IARC/WHO对致癌性证据的独立评估 — 补充上述CLP分类。)
参考文献（芝加哥格式）： IARC. n.d. IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans: CAS 7440-43-9. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications/.
来自本地MOL-GOD列表（快照）的分类 — 未与当前IARC列表核实。 验证

翻译：CLP 法规 (EC) 1272/2008，附件 III 和 IV。数据：PubChem/NLM。

📚 综合科学参考文献 — Chicago Author-Date 10 来源

从所有Safety Hub选项卡收集的参考文献。CAS号： 7440-43-9 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS，法规
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. 急救、毒理学
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] 急救、个人防护装备、毒理学
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] 个人防护装备
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] 处置、法规
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] 储存
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] 储存
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. 国家规定——波兰 [↗] 废物处置
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] 毒理学

具有自身参考文献的选项卡（紧急情况、个人防护装备、储存、废物）在其各自章节中包含额外的书目条目。

📈 分析统计（t检验·RSD·Grubbs·Q-Dixon） ICH Q2

粘贴一系列重复测量结果（CSV或每行一个数字）。计算器将计算平均值、标准差和95%置信区间，并检测异常值（Grubbs + Dixon Q）。

分隔符：逗号、空格、制表符、换行。至少3个测量值。
📐 统计公式
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — 算术平均值
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — 样本方差
  • s = √s² — 标准差
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — 相对标准差
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs检验
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

来源：ICH Q2(R2) 分析方法验证 · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 缓冲液配方计算器 唯一
参考文献： pKa值来自 Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

从 20 种常用缓冲体系列表中选择 → 输入目标 pH → 获得精确配方，包括称量质量。

步骤 1：选择缓冲体系

📜 配方历史记录（最近 10 条）
🚚 运输分类（ADR / IATA / IMDG）

UN 2570 — 请在 ADR 2025（表 A）中核实运输类别。数据表第 14 部分给出了 UN 编号，但没有经确认的 ADR 类别。

来源: Karta SDS sek.14 (UN bez potwierdzonej klasy)

来源： ADR 2025 ↗ · IATA DGR ↗ · IMDG Code ↗

📅 项目规划器——实验室实验管理器 新品

规划您的整个实验室项目：添加实验（含试剂、重复次数和持续时间）。您将获得甘特图、购物清单（含商店链接！）、预算（含10%余量）和GHS风险矩阵。

🧪 溶解性和溶剂兼容性
分子
Cadmium
分子式
Cd
logP (XLogP3)
—
摩尔质量（g/mol）
112.41
极性
—

⚠️ 离子/无机化合物——汉森参数（δD/δP/δH）不适用：溶解由晶格能和离子溶剂化控制，而非分子间内聚力。HSP模块和汉森球已省略。HSP相关列（相容性/Ra/可视化）标记为“n/a”——请基于实验数据选择溶剂。

该物质暂无溶剂相容性表。
Hansen 参数超出该方法的范围，因此无法计算距离 Ra，且数据库中也没有可替代的溶解度实测数据。与其给出十一项毫无依据的评级，我们选择不显示。请依据安全数据表和实验数据选择溶剂。
📚 溶剂科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

11 种溶剂 · 54 条完整引用（NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS）— 见下文。

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — 周围神经病变（正己烷并非 IARC 致癌物）
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
溶解性理论（应用于相容性预测）：
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP三元组（dD, dP, dH）+ Ra公式。
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solvatochromism.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution for dD/dP/dH from SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — 250+溶剂的完整表格数据集（ε、μ、供体数、受体数）。
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 7440-43-9 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

完整参考文献位于页面底部的参考文献折叠面板——芝加哥格式手册第17版作者-日期格式。

⚗️ 检查反应兼容性
4 0 0
健康： 4/4
易燃性： 0/4
反应性： 0/4
根据NFPA 704 / 由H代码计算

检查Cadmium是否与另一种试剂兼容

📦 储存兼容性矩阵
酸类 碱 氧化剂 易燃 毒性 Gazy
酸类 ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
碱 ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
氧化剂 ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
易燃 ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
毒性 ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ 可一起储存 · ⚠ 谨慎 · ✗ 禁止一起储存 · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

兼容性数据来源： Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 实验室计算器（8个）
稀释（C₁V₁=C₂V₂）
摩尔浓度（M=n/V）
pH缓冲液（Henderson-Hasselbalch）
Beer-Lambert（A=εcl）
质量→摩尔
浓度%→M
ppm→mg/L
温度 C↔F↔K

已验证的配方： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 光谱数据库
📋 实验室方案生成器

方案基于以下内容生成： GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ 标签生成器（QR码）
Cadmium• Cadmium, elemental / Colloidal cadmium• CAS: 7440-43-9• EC: 231-152-8• 分子式: Cd• 摩尔质量: 112.41 g/mol危险GHS危险说明：H250 H350 H341 H361fd H330 H372 H410 H400P203: 使用前取得、阅读并遵循所有安全说明书。P273: 避免释放到环境中。仅供实验室使用！Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX London[email protected]molgod.org批号: 净含量:
🧪 溶液配制助手（Smart Prep）

输入您要制备的内容——我将生成SOP

示例如下——点击插入：
预设配方：
📚 科学文献概览 — CAS 7440-43-9
⭐ 关键发现（科学文献） 20 出版物
🏆 CAS 7440-43-9 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30%引用·20%近期性·20%主题·15%历史·15%开放获取.
  1. #1
    Yan Song, Yibana Wang, Weifeng Mao et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE
    重要性： 391 次引用 · open access
    SCORE 12.13 机制 引用： 391 Open Access DOI ↗
  2. #2
    Gwendolyn H. Parker, Caroline E. Gillie, Julie Miller et al. (2022) · Toxicology Reports
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 11.74 机制 引用： 91 Open Access DOI ↗
  3. #3
    Małgorzata Ćwieląg‐Drabek, Agata Piekut, Klaudia Gut et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 10.99 机制 引用： 81 Open Access DOI ↗
  4. #4
    Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca, Mario Maresca, Gabriele Morucci et al. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 10.88 机制 引用： 94 Open Access DOI ↗
  5. #5
    Haiyun Wu, Qilin Liao, Steven N. Chillrud et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports
    重要性： 132 次引用 · open access
    SCORE 10.42 机制 引用： 132 Open Access DOI ↗
  6. #6
    Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca, Gabriele Morucci, Matteo Becatti et al. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 9.88 机制 引用： 43 Open Access DOI ↗
  7. #7
    James K. Ellis, Toby J. Athersuch, Laura Thomas et al. (2012) · BMC Medicine
    重要性： 142 次引用 · open access
    SCORE 9.32 机制 引用： 142 Open Access DOI ↗
  8. #8
    Anna Winiarska‐Mieczan (2013) · Biological Trace Element Research
    重要性： 103 次引用 · open access
    SCORE 9.2 机制 引用： 103 Open Access DOI ↗
  9. #9
    Shen Ke, Xiyu Cheng, Jieying Zhang et al. (2015) · BMC Public Health
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 9.08 机制 引用： 59 Open Access DOI ↗
  10. #10
    Robert J. Davies‐Colley, Peter O. Nelson, Kenneth Williamson (1984) · Environmental Science & Technology
    重要性： 135 次引用 · open access
    SCORE 8.65 机制 引用： 135 Open Access DOI ↗
  11. #11
    Daisley BA; Monachese M; Trinder M et al. (2019) · Gut microbes
    重要性： 必引文献（经典）
    SCORE 8.24 机制 MUST-CITE 引用： 69 DOI ↗
  12. #12
    et al. (2026) · BMC Plant Biology
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 7.15 药理学 引用： 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  13. #13
    et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 分析 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  14. #14
    et al. (2026) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 药理学 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  15. #15
    et al. (2026) · Biology
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  16. #16
    et al. (2026) · PeerJ
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  17. #17
    et al. (2026) · Journal of Xenobiotics
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 药理学 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  18. #18
    et al. (2026) · Plant Signaling & Behavior
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 药理学 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  19. #19
    et al. (2026) · Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 药理学 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  20. #20
    Hays SM; Nordberg M; Yager JW et al. (2008) · Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 103 次引用
    SCORE 6.05 机制 MUST-CITE 引用： 103 DOI ↗

为什么本页可以核查

标识

CAS、EC 和分子式，已在买方使用的各标识符系统中完成解析。页面显示已解析的系统数量，让您看到该物质的表征程度，而不是凭假设。

数据

每个理化数值都标明其来源及该来源的查阅日期。任何一条都可以打开查看。

分类

如有统一分类条目，则以其为准并注明索引号。自我分类单独列出并加以标注。

法规

名录、限制、授权和候选清单状态均逐一列明。凡状态尚未确定之处，本页会如实说明 — 从不声明不适用任何限制。

文件

有哪些文件、经过何种级别的审核、提供哪些语言，以及每份文件的出具时间。

供应商

谁在销售，以及其公开发布的自身信息。

本页内容均不构成认证。它是一份可供您审核的记录。

Two guarantees, both with their limits stated

The Gap Report Guarantee

If the available evidence cannot support a defensible document for your CAS number and product specification, we will not invent the missing values. You receive a documented gap report and choose: a refund, store credit, or the report on its own.

A visible gap is worth more than a plausible number, because the plausible number is the one that fails when somebody checks it.

The Re-issue Promise

If a signed card is rejected by an authority or by a customer’s compliance officer on one of the points we checked and reported as passed, we re-issue it corrected at no charge and credit the original fee.

This covers the checks we performed and named. It does not cover registration status, tonnage, or your role in the supply chain — those are not ours to hold, and a guarantee that pretended otherwise would be worth nothing.

A safety data sheet for cadmium (pyrophoric), CAS 7440-43-9, in the sixteen-section structure required across the European Union. The deliverable is the document itself.

cadmium (pyrophoric) (CAS 7440-43-9) at a glance

  • Substance – cadmium (pyrophoric)
  • CAS number – 7440-43-9
  • EC number – 231-152-8
  • CLP Annex VI index number – 048-011-00-X
  • Hazard statements – H250; H350 (may cause cancer); H341 (suspected of causing genetic defects); H361fd; H330 (fatal if inhaled); H372 (causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure)
  • Hazard classes – Pyr. Sol. 1, Carc. 1B, Muta. 2, Repr. 2, Acute Tox. 2 *, STOT RE 1
  • Label pictograms – GHS02, GHS06, GHS08, GHS09
  • Signal word – Danger
  • Entry current as of – CLP00
  • CMR classification – yes, classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction
  • Documentation issued – safety data sheet in REACH Annex II structure; working draft or signed card
  • What is supplied – a document. MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

Aquatic hazard and disposal

Aquatic hazard classification (H410) for CAS 7440-43-9 reaches beyond the label. It governs the environmental section of the safety data sheet, the disposal route stated in section 13, and in several Member States the reporting threshold for storage. Consignments carrying an aquatic hazard also attract marine pollutant marking when moved by sea.

Target organ toxicity in the sheet

Specific target organ toxicity (H372) obliges the sheet to state the route of exposure and, where established, the organ affected. This is one of the few places where a generic phrase is treated as a defect rather than as caution: an unspecified organ leaves the downstream user unable to build an exposure scenario.

What must the label for cadmium (pyrophoric) contain?

The supply label for cadmium (pyrophoric) is generated from the same classification that drives the safety data sheet: pictograms selected by precedence, one signal word derived from the highest hazard class present, and the hazard statements H250, H350, H341… reproduced in full. Where the container is too small to carry the complete set at a legible size, there are lawful ways to handle it and unlawful ones that look identical to a non-specialist.

What is the CLP classification of cadmium (pyrophoric)?

The harmonised classification for CAS 7440-43-9 carries 7 hazard statements: H250, H350, H341, H361fd, H330, H372, H410. In plain terms this means H250; may cause cancer; suspected of causing genetic defects; H361fd. A harmonised entry is binding across the Union — an importer may not soften it, and a self-classification that diverges from it will not survive an enforcement check.

Is cadmium (pyrophoric) a controlled substance?

Storage requirement on record: Annex XVII entry 23: cadmium and its compounds restricted in plastics, brazing fillers, jewellery; CMR Cat. 1B. None of this appears in the CLP classification, so a sheet built from Annex VI alone will be silent on it.

Is cadmium (pyrophoric) on the SVHC candidate list?

Yes — cadmium (pyrophoric) appears on the candidate list of substances of very high concern (added 2012-12-19, reason: CMR). That triggers duties that classification alone does not: notification to ECHA above the tonnage threshold, and an obligation to inform recipients where the substance is present in an article above 0.1 % by weight. Outside the Union the same substance appears on AICS (AU), DSL — toxic (CA). Exporters are read against the list of the destination, not of the origin.

How do I check if my SDS for cadmium (pyrophoric) is still valid?

If a sheet for cadmium (pyrophoric) is already in circulation, the useful first question is not whether to replace it but whether it is wrong, and if so in which section. Defects repeat across a catalogue, so three documents usually reveal what three hundred need.

What happens if a consignment of cadmium (pyrophoric) is refused?

When a shipment of cadmium (pyrophoric) is detained, the expense is typically not the document itself. It is the storage costs, demurrage fees, and the delay incurred by the customer. This financial calculation underscores the importance of verifying the documentation prior to dispatch rather than after receiving a notification from the border.

Is cadmium (pyrophoric) classified as a CMR substance?

CAS 7440-43-9 is classified as a CMR substance (H350). That status changes the obligations attached to every shipment: workplace exposure documentation, restrictions on supply to the general public, and substitution pressure from downstream users who must justify continued use. A safety data sheet for a CMR substance is read more closely than any other, because the classification itself invites scrutiny.

How is cadmium (pyrophoric) classified for road, sea and air transport?

Section 14 for CAS 7440-43-9 carries the UN number, proper shipping name, class, packing group and environmental hazard where these apply. Where the substance is not dangerous for carriage, the section says so explicitly rather than being left empty — an empty section 14 reads as an omission, not as an absence of hazard.

Identifiers that must agree

This substance is identified by three specific codes: the CAS number 7440-43-9, the Annex VI index number 048-011-00-X, and the name listed in the register. It is essential that these identifiers match, as any discrepancy represents the most subtle error in documentation. While individual documents may appear correct on their own, cross-verification can reveal that they refer to different entities.

What is the EC number for cadmium (pyrophoric)?

Alongside CAS 7440-43-9, this substance carries EC number 231-152-8 and Annex VI index 048-011-00-X. European documentation is built around the EC number as often as around the CAS: registration dossiers, the candidate list and customs systems key on it. A safety data sheet quoting only one of the two forces every downstream reader to look up the other.

Documentation demand on the EU market

CAS 7440-43-9 has a recorded presence on the European trading market, which means documentation for it is requested routinely rather than exceptionally. Substances that move in commerce attract repeat scrutiny: the same sheet is read by successive customers, carriers and authorities, and a defect that survives the first reading rarely survives the tenth.

Which GHS pictograms apply to cadmium (pyrophoric)?

The label for cadmium (pyrophoric) carries GHS02 (flame), GHS06 (skull and crossbones), GHS08 (health hazard), GHS09 (environment), with the signal word Danger. These are not chosen by the supplier: CLP Annex VI states them for CAS 7440-43-9, and the precedence rules in Annex I decide which pictogram is dropped when two would say the same thing. A label showing a different set from the register is wrong even if every hazard statement on it is correct.

Accidental release and containment

Emergency procedures for cadmium (pyrophoric) are designed for immediate action during an incident, with section 6 focusing on efficiency: outlining what should be evacuated, what materials are appropriate for containment, and which substances must not be used in the process.

Questions about documentation for cadmium (pyrophoric)

What hazard statements apply to CAS 7440-43-9?

The harmonised entry lists H250, H350, H341, H361fd. These are binding across the Union and may not be softened by a self-classification.

In which language must the sheet be supplied?

In an official language of each Member State where cadmium (pyrophoric) is placed on the market, unless that State has stated otherwise.

Can I check whether my existing sheet is still valid?

Yes. A section-by-section reading against Annex II and the current harmonised entry establishes that in one pass, and a sheet that passes is reported as passing.

Do I need a safety data sheet to import cadmium (pyrophoric) into the EU?

Yes. A sheet compiled to Annex II of REACH must exist before the first consignment moves, and it must be held by the entity placing the substance on the Union market.

MolGod.org issues documentation and does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances. CAS 7440-43-9 identifies the subject of this document.

您需要哪个版本？

SDS 工作草稿

€49.99

  • 自动交付 付款后，通过电子邮件发送
  • 完整的 REACH 附件 II 16 节结构
  • 对照 ECHA CLP 附件 VI 的分类
  • 附参考文献的公开来源数据
  • 未解决的缺口会被标注，绝不靠猜测填补
  • 用于内部起草和供应商审查。未签署；供应商特定字段可能需要补充。

最适合

  • 在确定之前查看文件将包含的内容
  • 将供应商发给您的文件与登记册比对
  • 找出您现有数据表中的缺漏
  • 在出口决策前准备内部档案
  • 您经手但尚未销售的物质
文件需提供给公司外部时推荐使用

专家审核版 SDS

€249.99

  • 包含工作草稿的全部内容
  • 由合格人员审核 依照附件 II，逐节进行
  • 根据您的公司、产品等级和已确定用途进行调整
  • 已核对目标市场和语言
  • 按您要求的运输方式审核运输部分
  • 五轮修改 按您的要求执行
  • 收到完整资料后 72 小时内。

最适合

  • 任何从贵公司发出的文件
  • 索取该数据表的客户或分销商
  • 随出口货物附带的文件
  • 可能被检查员或主管机构查阅的数据表
  • 替换已被客户拒收的数据表
如不确定，请从上往下阅读左列，停在第一条符合您情况的描述处。
文件用途 工作草稿
€49.99		 专家审核版
€249.99
内部起草与审查 YesYes
核查供应商发给您的数据表 YesYes
发送给您的客户 并非为此编写Yes
随出口货物一同寄运 并非为此编写Yes
供检查员或主管机关审阅 并非为此编写Yes
根据您的公司、等级和已确定用途进行调整 NoYes
由审核人签名并注明日期 NoYes
何时收到 付款后立即收到完整资料后 72 小时内

您可以将草稿发送给任何人。“并非为此编写”的意思正是如此：它没有签名，也没有针对贵公司调整的字段，因此无法回答收件方即将提出的问题。

签名的含义

文件由谁编制
The document is generated by the MolGod engine from ECHA CLP Annex VI and the cited public sources, then read section by section by a qualified scientific reviewer with a degree in chemistry or a related scientific field.
审核范围
我们依照 REACH 附件 II 的结构逐节审阅该数据表。GHS 分类和运输条目将根据文件中引用的来源进行核对，并根据您提供的公司、产品等级和已识别用途对数据表进行调整。
不予核实的内容
我们不检测您的物料，也无法确认您容器中实际装有什么：成分、浓度、杂质或生产路线。这些信息由您提供，并按您提供的内容如实转载。
签名意味着什么 — 以及不意味着什么
The signature records that a qualified scientific reviewer read the document. It is not a government approval, not an ECHA approval, and not a legal certification — no such certification exists for safety data sheets in the EU. A signature does not by itself make a document legally valid or make your business compliant.
您将收到的内容
一份采用 REACH 附件 II 的 16 部分结构的 PDF，已签名并注明日期，附版本信息以及我们无法确定的所有事项清单。包含五轮修改。
交付
在收到您提供的完整资料后 72 小时内。在我们等待答复期间，计时暂停。
退款
审核开始前可全额退款。如证据不足，您可选择退款、商店抵用金或缺漏报告。详见退款政策。

保证不编造数据。 如果现有证据不足以支撑针对该 CAS 号和您的产品规格的可靠文件，我们不会编造缺失数值。您可以选择退款、商店抵用金或一份有据可查的缺漏报告。

将物质或混合物投放市场的供应商仍有责任确保最终的安全数据表与该物料、其已识别用途及其在供应链中的法律角色相符。

不确定哪一种适合？针对您已有的数据表申请免费筛查。

Related products

📋 Status prawny (REACH / TSCA / UK)
JurysdykcjaListaStatusSunset
EUSVHClisted—
UKSVHClisted—
CADSL (toxic)restricted—
AUAICSrestricted—
📄 分析证书（CoA） CAS 7440-43-9 无

数据库中无此产品的证书。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

批次管理与实验室认证标准——13个独立来源（ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG）。

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [链接 ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [链接 ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [链接 ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [链接 ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [链接 ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [链接 ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [链接 ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [链接 ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [链接 ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [链接 ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [链接 ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📜 专利（公开元数据） 无数据

目前未在Crossref/OpenAlex中找到该物质的公开专利元数据。数据将在下次缓存刷新（24小时）后自动更新。

📚 参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开
  1. et al.. (2026). "Silicon mitigates combined cadmium and microplastics toxicity in rice by regulating glyoxalase system, and phytochelatin-mediated cadmium detoxification.". https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08561-3
  2. et al.. (2026). "Acidocalcisome deficiency impairs polyphosphate-mediated cadmium sequestration and causes persistent photosynthetic impairment in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111555
  3. et al.. (2026). "Maternal Cadmium Exposure Impairs Lactational Performance and Milk Quality in Mice.". https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15100754
  4. et al.. (2026). "Cadmium-tolerant root microbes reduce cadmium accumulation in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.". https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21229
  5. et al.. (2026). "Bioactive metabolites from endophytic Fusarium equiseti isolated from Hyoscyamus muticus mitigate cadmium toxicity in biological models.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-59146-x
  6. et al.. (2026). "Subchronic Cadmium-Induced Xenobiotic Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats: Antioxidant and Reproductive Protection by Standardized Silymarin with Molecular Docking Insights.". https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16030103
  7. et al.. (2026). "Microbial intervention by Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5-1 alleviates cadmium toxicity in pea cultivation.". https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2026.2689808
  8. et al.. (2026). "Influence of Ultrafine Bubbles (UFBs) on Cadmium Toxicity in Polypedilum nubifer (Chironomidae).". https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2026010
  9. et al.. (2026). "Protective effect of Commiphora gileadensis against cadmium toxicity in male rats.". https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i5.58
  10. (2026). "Nano-formulated curcumin restores hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disturbance in cadmium-induced female reproductive toxicity.". https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i5.5
  11. et al.. (2026). "Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances the cadmium stress tolerance of Medicago sativa in association with regulation of the aminolevulinic acid pathway.". https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08798-y
  12. et al.. (2026). "Application of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles for the Magnetic Removal of Algae That Bind Cadmium.". https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16060361
  13. M. B. Yessenaliyeva, R. S. Dossymbekova, Z. B. Tungushbayeva et al.. (2026). "Dose-dependent hematological effects of cadmium in Wistar rats: peripheral blood indices as early biomarkers of toxicity". Brazilian Journal of Biology. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.303122
  14. Haodong Wang, Zhi Lu, Gongyin Chen et al.. (2026). "Lycopene-mediated mitigation of cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in broilers is associated with restoring mitochondrial homeostasis". Poultry Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107251
  15. ASM Aljohani, S Al Dakhil, AS Soliman et al.. (2026). "The efficacy of sap obtained from Commiphora gileadensis against cadmium-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rats". Veterinární Medicína. https://doi.org/10.17221/86/2025-VETMED
  16. Zihao Zhang, Zihao Zhang, Yutao Lu et al.. (2026). "Neurotoxic mechanisms of cadmium in neurodegenerative diseases". Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2026.1899381
  17. et al.. (2026). "Exogenous γ-polyglutamic acid alleviates cadmium stress in rice through redox regulation and modulation of cadmium accumulation.". https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.70721
  18. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
  19. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
  20. European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
  21. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  22. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  23. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  24. Meanwell, Nicholas A. 2011. "Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 54 (8): 2529-2591.
  25. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of Synthetic Accessibility Score of Drug-Like Molecules Based on Molecular Complexity and Fragment Contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  26. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  27. Allison, John R., and Mark A. Lemley. 1998. "Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents." AIPLA Quarterly Journal 26 (3): 185-275.
  28. Patani, George A., and Edmond J. LaVoie. 1996. "Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design." Chemical Reviews 96 (8): 3147-3176.
  29. Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/patents/7440-43-9?status=active&limit=10

📊 X射线衍射（PXRD） 低质量 30%

7440-43-9的晶体学数据已与COD验证（0个衍射峰）。以下2θ值可在实验室中通过PXRD鉴定多晶型。

晶系 空间群 晶胞参数（Å） 密度（g/cm³）
— P 63/m m c a=2.979 b=2.979 c=5.618 α=90.00° β=90.00° γ=120.00° 8.648 (calculated)
科学参考文献 (芝加哥作者-日期格式)
  1. International Centre for Diffraction Data. 2024. PDF-4+ 2024. Newtown Square, PA: ICDD. 🔓
  2. Allen, Frank H. 2002. "The Cambridge Structural Database: a quarter of a million crystal structures and rising." Acta Crystallographica B 58 (3): 380–388. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768102003890
  3. Grazulis, Saulius, Adriana Merkys, Antanas Vaitkus, and Daniel Chateigner. 2012. "Computing stoichiometric molecular composition from crystal structures." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45 (6): 1241–1248. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889812042185 开放获取
  4. Cullity, B. D., and Stuart R. Stock. 2001. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  5. Jenkins, Ron, and Robert L. Snyder. 1996. Introduction to X-Ray Powder Diffractometry. New York: Wiley-Interscience. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118520949
  6. Giacovazzo, Carmelo, Hugo L. Monaco, Giuseppe Artioli, Davide Viterbo, Marco Milanesio, Gastone Gilli, Paola Gilli, Giuseppe Zanotti, Giampiero Ferraris, and Mario Catti. 2011. Fundamentals of Crystallography. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  7. Dinnebier, Robert E., and Simon J. L. Billinge, eds. 2008. Powder Diffraction: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847558237
  8. United States Pharmacopeia. 2024. "Chapter <941> Characterization of Crystalline and Partially Crystalline Solids by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)." USP-NF. Rockville, MD: USP. 🔓
常见问题解答——关于PXRD
How is a PXRD pattern calculated from a CIF file without access to ICDD?
The pymatgen library (Python) offers XRDCalculator, which simulates a PXRD pattern from a CIF structural model: from the structure to the pattern through the structure factors F(hkl). Alternatively: VESTA (GUI), Mercury (CCDC), PowderCell. Calculated patterns are accurate for the model but may differ from experimental ones (preferred orientation effects, crystallite size, strain).
How does SCXRD differ from PXRD?
SCXRD (Single Crystal XRD) uses a single crystal and gives full three-dimensional structural data (atomic coordinates, bond lengths). PXRD uses a powder and gives a diffraction pattern. SCXRD is more accurate, but requires a good crystal. PXRD is faster, cheaper, and is used for phase identification, analysis of mixtures and quality control.
How does temperature affect a PXRD pattern?
As the temperature rises, thermal expansion of the lattice increases — peaks shift towards lower 2θ. Phase transitions (enantiotropy) cause step changes in the pattern. Variable-temperature PXRD (VT-PXRD) maps the phase diagram — it identifies the temperatures of polymorphic transitions. Crucial for compounds with thermolabile polymorphs.
What is d-spacing and how is it interpreted?
d-spacing is the distance between parallel lattice planes of a crystal, expressed in angstroms (Å). The larger the d, the smaller the 2θ angle. Peaks with a large d (low 2θ) identify long-period structures; peaks at high 2θ — closely packed planes. d-spacing is a structural constant — it does not depend on the instrument.
数据来自PubChem来源： PubChem (NIH)
📤 将此分子嵌入您的网站

有博客、论坛或科学网站吗？ 将交互式3D分子嵌入到您的网站上——每位读者都能看到它，下方还有指向我们商店的链接，他们可以在那里购买试剂。

🔗 HTML iframe代码 （最简单——随处可用）

复制并粘贴到您网站的HTML编辑器中：

根据您的布局调整 width 和 height。

⚙ WordPress Shortcode （适用于其他使用MOL-GOD的商店）

🌐 直接链接 （用于电子邮件、聊天、LinkedIn、Twitter）

LinkedIn Twitter/X Facebook
QR code CAS 7440-43-9

📱 QR code （用于印刷在传单/标签/目录上）

将其放置在产品目录、瓶标或传单上。客户扫描后，即可在手机上看到3D分子，并附有指向您商店的链接。

⬇ 下载PNG

🖼 Open Graph image （用于社交媒体元标签）

分享链接时，Facebook/LinkedIn/Discord会自动获取图像预览：

Preview
📋 许可证： 嵌入内容保留反向链接至 MolGod （必需——商店是数据来源）。 化学数据来源于 PubChem (CC0 — 公共领域). 嵌入内容免费用于教育、商业和业余用途。
📚 参考文献（综合书目，芝加哥作者-日期格式） 79 条目

以上折叠面板中针对CAS号7440-43-9引用的所有科学来源。格式： 《芝加哥格式手册》第17版，作者-日期系统.

🗄️ 科学数据库

  1. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 7440-43-9. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine.
  2. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 7440-43-9. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=7440-43-9.
  3. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 7440-43-9. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  4. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  5. ECHA. n.d. C&L Inventory and REACH Registration: CAS 7440-43-9. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

📐 标准/指南

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 书籍

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  3. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  4. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📘 专著

  1. IARC. n.d. IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans: CAS 7440-43-9. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications/.

📄 科学文章（同行评审）

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 网站

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  10. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  11. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  12. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  13. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  14. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  15. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  16. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  17. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  18. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
  19. Heckert, N. A., and J. J. Filliben. 2003. "NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods." NIST Handbook 151. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
  20. Grubbs, Frank E. 1950. "Sample Criteria for Testing Outlying Observations." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (1): 27–58.
  21. Dixon, Wilfrid J. 1950. "Analysis of Extreme Values." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (4): 488–506.
  22. Snedecor, George W., and William G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
  23. Student [William Sealy Gosset]. 1908. "The Probable Error of a Mean." Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25.
  24. International Organization for Standardization. 2005. "ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and Symbols — Part 1: General Statistical Terms and Terms Used in Probability." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/40145.html.
  25. Thompson, Michael, Stephen L. R. Ellison, and Roger Wood. 2002. "Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 835–855.
  26. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2024. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Applicable as from 1 January 2025 (ECE/TRANS/352). Geneva: UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025-edition.
  27. International Air Transport Association. 2026. Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). 67th ed. Montreal: IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/.
  28. International Maritime Organization. 2024. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, 2024 Edition (Amendment 42-24). London: IMO. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx.
  29. United Nations. 2025. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations (Orange Book). 24th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.24. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-model-regulations.
  30. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2025. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284). 2025–2026 ed. Montreal: ICAO. https://www.icao.int/safety/DangerousGoods/Pages/technical-instructions.aspx.
  31. European Commission. 2014. "Commission Decision 2014/955/EU on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC." Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014D0955.
  32. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2020. "Rozporządzenie Ministra Klimatu z dnia 2 stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów." Dziennik Ustaw RP 2020 poz. 10. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20200000010. 国家规定——波兰
  33. Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ). 2024. "Baza Danych O Odpadach (BDO) — System rejestracji firm utylizacyjnych." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. https://bdo.mos.gov.pl/. 国家规定——波兰
  34. Polska — Sejm RP. 2012. "Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. o odpadach." Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21 (z późn. zm.). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20130000021. 国家规定——波兰
  35. Furr, A. Keith, ed.. 2000. "CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety." CRC Press.
  36. Pohanish, Richard P.. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." Elsevier.
  37. Lewis, Richard J.. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." Wiley.
  38. NIOSH. 2024. "Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/.
  39. OSHA. 2024. "Occupational Chemical Database — Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOPER)." Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata.
  40. European Parliament and Council. 2008. "Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive)." Official Journal of the European Union L 312/3. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098.
  41. European Parliament and Council. 2009. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures." Official Journal of the European Union L 353. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1272.
  42. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2023. "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/standards/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025.
  43. IPCS INCHEM. 2024. "International Programme on Chemical Safety — Waste Management Guidelines." WHO/UNEP/ILO. https://www.inchem.org/.
  44. European Parliament and Council. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 on Shipments of Waste." Official Journal of the European Union L 190: 1–98. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006R1013.
  45. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q7%20Guideline.pdf.
  46. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  47. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/trs957-annex3.
  48. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  49. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  50. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q6A%20Guideline.pdf.
  51. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q10%20Guideline.pdf.
  52. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-211.
  53. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-process-validation-finished-products-information-data-be-provided-regulatory-submissions-revision-1_en.pdf.
  54. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  55. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  56. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. https://picscheme.org/en/publications.
  57. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. https://ipecamericas.org/sites/default/files/IPECPQGGMPGuide2017.pdf.
📥 下载BibTeX📥 下载RIS导入到Zotero/Mendeley/EndNote/Papers。
📜 许可与来源
模型
Cadmium · 7440-43-9
InChIKey
BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
许可与来源记录
Cadmium (CAS 7440-43-9) →
MolGod 分子记录
Cadmium →
源数据
PubChem CID 23973 ↗
模型信息
尚未发布

本许可适用于 MolGod 创建的 STL 网格，不自动适用于第三方源材料。