sodium-CAS-7440-23-5-—-Safety-Data-Sheet CAS_NUMBER 7440-23-5 (zh_CN)

sodium (CAS 7440-23-5) — Safety Data Sheet

Safety data sheet documentation for sodium (CAS 7440-23-5), compiled to REACH Annex II with classification read against the harmonised entry in CLP Annex VI (H260, H314, EUH014). Two options: a working draft sent by e-mail immediately, or a signed card issued within 72 hours of complete input. The item supplied is a document — MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

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REACH 2020/878
v4 · 07.09.2026
下载安全数据表 (PDF)CAS 7440-23-5 · PDF · 167 KB工作草稿 — 尚未经过审核和批准。

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SKU: SDS-7440-23-5 Category: Tags: , , , , , , , , ,

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🧬 3D分子可视化器
正在加载分子...
3D模型Sodium，CAS 7440-23-5，分子式Na, 摩尔质量 22.9897693 g/mol

数据转录自法规登记册和专业文献，并注明来源与版本。不能替代供应商的安全数据表。未记录来源的字段已作相应标注。

📊 物理化学数据 — CAS 7440-23-5
📊 物理化学性质

快速参考

化学式： Na
分子量： 22.9898 g/mol
CAS号： 7440-23-5
外观： 轻质银白色金属；体心立方结构；新切面有光泽；暴露于空气中会失去光泽，变得暗淡发灰；常温下质软，-20 °C时相当硬
🔬 高级属性

化学标识符

SMILES: [Na]

最后更新： 2026-08-25

化学概述: Sodium
分子式Na[1]
分子量22.9897693 g/mol[1]
熔点97.79 °C[1][2]
沸点882.78 °C[1][2]
密度0.97 g/cm³[1]
SMILES[Na][1]
InChIKeyKEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

同义词: SODIUM · 7440-23-5 · Natrium · sodium atom · Sodium metal

数据来源： PubChem (NLM/NIH)
最后更新： 2026-08-25

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (2 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: 分子式 · 分子量 · 熔点 · 沸点 · 密度 · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. NIST. Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗ applies to: 熔点 · 沸点

科学研究

[1]PubMed2026
Disorders of Sodium.
Alindogan A, Joseph R. (2026). "Disorders of Sodium.". Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2025.02.003
查看完整研究 ↗
[2]PubMed2026
Sodium Correction Rates and Associated Outcomes Among Patients With Severe Hyponatremia : A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Mark DG, Alavi M, Nugent JR et al.. (2026). "Sodium Correction Rates and Associated Outcomes Among Patients With Severe Hyponatremia : A Retrospective Cohort Study.". Annals of internal medicine. http
查看完整研究 ↗
[3]PubMed2026
Targeting Arrhythmogenic Late Sodium Current by FHF1(A)-Derivative FixR in Heart Failure Cardiomyocytes.
Hegyi B, Angsutararux P, Chakouri N et al.. (2026). "Targeting Arrhythmogenic Late Sodium Current by FHF1(A)-Derivative FixR in Heart Failure Cardiomyocytes.". Circulation research. https://doi.org/10
查看完整研究 ↗
[4]PubMed2026
Neuronal and astrocytic sodium-calcium exchanger differentially regulates calcium and sodium overload during ischemic stroke.
Hamzei Taj S, Thapaliya PK, Rakers C et al.. (2026). "Neuronal and astrocytic sodium-calcium exchanger differentially regulates calcium and sodium overload during ischemic stroke.". JCI insight. https
查看完整研究 ↗
[5]PubMed2026
Elevator mechanism dynamics in a sodium-coupled dicarboxylate transporter.
Kinz-Thompson CD, Lopez-Redondo ML, Mulligan C et al.. (2026). "Elevator mechanism dynamics in a sodium-coupled dicarboxylate transporter.". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the Unit
查看完整研究 ↗
[6]PubMed2025
The mechanism of action of digoxin requires the sodium-dependent inactivation of the sodium-calcium exchanger.
Scranton K, John S, Angelini M et al.. (2025). "The mechanism of action of digoxin requires the sodium-dependent inactivation of the sodium-calcium exchanger.". Science advances. https://doi.org/10.11
查看完整研究 ↗
[7]PubMed2025
Necrosis by sodium overload-associated genes TRPM4 and SLC9A1: biological roles and clinical implications in breast cancer progression.
Zhu Y, Guo Y, Su Y et al.. (2025). "Necrosis by sodium overload-associated genes TRPM4 and SLC9A1: biological roles and clinical implications in breast cancer progression.". Frontiers in immunology. h
查看完整研究 ↗
[8]PubMed2025
Sodium disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism to execute NECSO.
Qiao Y, Wang J, Wang B et al.. (2025). "Sodium disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism to execute NECSO.". Nature communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67181-x
查看完整研究 ↗
📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） 9 refs · 2 baz

MOLECULE 按CAS号参考文献（实时来自13+数据库）

来源： db:pubmed (8) · db:core (1)

  1. db:pubmed Alindogan A, Joseph R. (2026). "Disorders of Sodium.". Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2025.02.003 →
  2. db:pubmed Mark DG, Alavi M, Nugent JR et al.. (2026). "Sodium Correction Rates and Associated Outcomes Among Patients With Severe Hyponatremia : A Retrospective Cohort Study.". Annals of internal medicine. https://doi.org/10.7326/ANNALS-25-03676 →
  3. db:pubmed Hegyi B, Angsutararux P, Chakouri N et al.. (2026). "Targeting Arrhythmogenic Late Sodium Current by FHF1(A)-Derivative FixR in Heart Failure Cardiomyocytes.". Circulation research. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.126.328204 →
  4. db:pubmed Hamzei Taj S, Thapaliya PK, Rakers C et al.. (2026). "Neuronal and astrocytic sodium-calcium exchanger differentially regulates calcium and sodium overload during ischemic stroke.". JCI insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.200411 →
  5. db:pubmed Kinz-Thompson CD, Lopez-Redondo ML, Mulligan C et al.. (2026). "Elevator mechanism dynamics in a sodium-coupled dicarboxylate transporter.". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2500723123 →
  6. db:pubmed Scranton K, John S, Angelini M et al.. (2025). "The mechanism of action of digoxin requires the sodium-dependent inactivation of the sodium-calcium exchanger.". Science advances. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ady9596 →
  7. db:pubmed Zhu Y, Guo Y, Su Y et al.. (2025). "Necrosis by sodium overload-associated genes TRPM4 and SLC9A1: biological roles and clinical implications in breast cancer progression.". Frontiers in immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1623511 →
  8. db:pubmed Qiao Y, Wang J, Wang B et al.. (2025). "Sodium disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism to execute NECSO.". Nature communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67181-x →
  9. db:core Tsige-Tamirat, Haileyesus, Laborde, Laurent, Péniguel, Christophe et al.. (2022). "A Review of Models for the Sodium Boiling Phenomena in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Subassemblies". https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051066 →
物质监管状态
该物质受监管要求约束： 危险废物管理（BDO——波兰国家规定）; 危险货物运输（ADR/RID/IMDG）. 详细信息请参见“法规状态（REACH/ECHA/CLP）”章节及安全数据表。 监管信息——不限制在本店购买。
🧮 化学计量计算器
🧪 化学数据
CAS号
7440-23-5
分子式
Na
摩尔质量
22.9897693 g/mol
SMILES
[Na]
InChIKey
KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Temp. wrzenia
882.9
Temp. topnienia
97.8
Density
0.97

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-08-25

🔍 外部标识符
5 / 16个ID系统31%
数据库标识符操作
CAS Registry Number7440-23-5打开 →
PubChem CID5360545[1]打开 →
InChIKeyKEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]打开 →
InChIInChI=1S/Na[1]
SMILES[Na][1]

来源：PubChem (NIH)、Wikidata SPARQL、KEGG、ChEMBL (EBI)、CompTox CTX (EPA)。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (1 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES

Further reading

Publications thematically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value shown on this card.

扩展参考文献 (5)

  1. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. "High Conductivity Zr-Rich Sodium Fluorochloride Catholytes for All Solid-State Sodium Batteries.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c03723.s001. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11] CC0 (metadata)
  2. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. "Interfacial Reactivity Benchmarking of the Sodium Ion Conductors Na3PS4 and Sodium Alumina for Protected Sodium Metal Anodes and Sodium All-Solid-State Batteries.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b10119.s001. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11] CC0 (metadata)
  3. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. "Ultrastable All-Solid-State Sodium Rechargeable Batteries.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01432.s001. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11] CC0 (metadata)
  4. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. "Amorphization of Sodium Cobalt Oxide Active Materials for High-Capacity All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01872.s001. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11] CC0 (metadata)
  5. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. "Hard Carbon Anode with a Sodium Carborane Electrolyte for Fast-Charging All-Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02307.s001. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11] CC0 (metadata)
⚛ 原子可视化 — 钠
Na
钠
Sodium
Z = 11 | 碱金属
原子质量
22.99 u
熔点
97.79 °C
沸点
882.94 °C
密度
0.971 g/cm³
电负性
0.93
族 / 周期
1 / 3
11 质子数
12 中子
K: 2e⁻ L: 8e⁻ M: 1e⁻
[Ne] 3s¹
📡 光谱学 — CAS 7440-23-5
📊 光谱数据库 — 内联数据 8 来源

光谱按需从9个来源获取。每个光谱都存储在我们的数据库中 — 下次打开时无需向外部API发出请求。无需搜索即可为每个光谱下载JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG。

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Public domain (US Federal)
▶ 点击加载光谱
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— 点
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MS (NIST) Mass Spectrum (EI) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
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🔗 来源
— 点
📚 NIST Standard Reference Database 1A
UV-Vis UV/Visible Absorption — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
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🔗 来源
— 点
📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
MS (MoNA) MoNA — MassBank of North America
CC-BY 4.0
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🔗 来源
— 点
📚 MassBank of North America (UC Davis) DOI: 10.1002/jms.1777
IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) SDBS — Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (Japan AIST)
Free for non-commercial

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) →
📚 SDBSWeb: https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp (AIST, Japan)
JP Monograph Japanese Pharmacopoeia — Monographs
Reference only

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 JP Monograph →
📚 Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th Edition (2021)
WHO INN WHO — International Nonproprietary Names
WHO Model Lists (free)

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 WHO INN →
📚 WHO INN Programme
DOAJ DOAJ — Directory of Open Access Journals
OA journal index (mixed)

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 DOAJ →
📚 DOAJ — doaj.org

数据仅获取一次（JCAMP-DX 解析器），并保存在插件的本地数据库中。不重复下载，再次打开时不查询 NIST。遵守许可（仅发布深层链接和自有可视化）。

🔬 交互式光谱（实时 — NIST / MoNA / NMRShiftDB / SDBS） (2)

数据从多个来源实时获取（优先级链）。每个光谱下可下载JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG。

IR — 傅里叶变换红外光谱

正在加载 IR — 傅里叶变换红外光谱…

MS — 质谱（EI 70eV）

正在加载 MS — 质谱（EI 70eV）…

结构性质

正在加载结构数据...

❓ 常见问题 (3)
What is Sodium?
Sodium (CAS 7440-23-5) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Na and a molecular weight of 22.9897693 g/mol.
有帮助吗？
What is the CAS number of Sodium?
The CAS number for Sodium is 7440-23-5.
有帮助吗？
What is the chemical formula of Sodium?
The molecular formula of Sodium is Na.
有帮助吗？
➕ 建议问题
下载结构文件

来自PubChem数据库（NIH）的分子结构文件。兼容Avogadro、PyMOL、Jmol和ChemDraw等程序。

来源：PubChem，美国国家医学图书馆（NIH）。 CID: 5360545

🔄 浓度单位转换器 实时

输入Sodium浓度（任意单位），其余将自动计算。

分子量： 22.9897693 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ 转换公式及引用（每个公式）
转换分子式准确度来源
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 参考文献（8个权威来源）
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
相似分子结构

正在加载相似结构...

🧪 溶液制备向导 WIZARD
① 选择浓度
② 目标体积
③ 溶剂

计算依据： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

计算化学

正在加载计算数据...

🛡️ 安全 — CAS 7440-23-5
数据限制说明。 本页安全信息仅供参考，不能替代完整的安全数据表（SDS）。使用产品前，请查阅制造商当前的安全数据表以及GHS/CLP指南。CLP分类适用于纯散装物质，不适用于商业制剂。

GHS/CLP分类——(EC) No 1272/2008法规 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021)。

⚠️ 危险 (Danger)
GHS02 — 易燃
GHS02 易燃
GHS05 — 腐蚀性
GHS05 腐蚀性

🚨 危险说明（H）

  • H260 — 遇水放出可自燃的易燃气体
  • H314 — 造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤
  • EUH014

🛡 防范说明（P）

  • P223 — 不得与水接触。

✓ 根据CLP法规(EC) 1272/2008附件VI的统一分类（官方、具有约束力的分类）。 索引号：011-001-00-0。

参考文献（芝加哥格式）： European Chemicals Agency. "sodium, Index No. 011-001-00-0." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

翻译：CLP 法规 (EC) 1272/2008，附件 III 和 IV。数据：PubChem/NLM。

📚 综合科学参考文献 — Chicago Author-Date 10 来源

从所有Safety Hub选项卡收集的参考文献。CAS号： 7440-23-5 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS，法规
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. 急救、毒理学
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] 急救、个人防护装备、毒理学
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] 个人防护装备
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] 处置、法规
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] 储存
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] 储存
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. 国家规定——波兰 [↗] 废物处置
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] 毒理学

具有自身参考文献的选项卡（紧急情况、个人防护装备、储存、废物）在其各自章节中包含额外的书目条目。

📈 分析统计（t检验·RSD·Grubbs·Q-Dixon） ICH Q2

粘贴一系列重复测量结果（CSV或每行一个数字）。计算器将计算平均值、标准差和95%置信区间，并检测异常值（Grubbs + Dixon Q）。

分隔符：逗号、空格、制表符、换行。至少3个测量值。
📐 统计公式
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — 算术平均值
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — 样本方差
  • s = √s² — 标准差
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — 相对标准差
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs检验
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

来源：ICH Q2(R2) 分析方法验证 · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 缓冲液配方计算器 唯一
参考文献： pKa值来自 Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

从 20 种常用缓冲体系列表中选择 → 输入目标 pH → 获得精确配方，包括称量质量。

步骤 1：选择缓冲体系

📜 配方历史记录（最近 10 条）
🚚 运输分类（ADR / IATA / IMDG） UN 1428
UN编号
UN 1428
Sodium (metal)
来源: ADR 2025 Tabela A (adr_dangerous_goods.json)

🛣️ ADR 公路运输

类别:
4.3
包装组:
I
运输名称:
Sodium (metal)

来源： ADR 2025 ↗ · IATA DGR ↗ · IMDG Code ↗

📅 项目规划器——实验室实验管理器 新品

规划您的整个实验室项目：添加实验（含试剂、重复次数和持续时间）。您将获得甘特图、购物清单（含商店链接！）、预算（含10%余量）和GHS风险矩阵。

🧪 溶解性和溶剂兼容性
分子
Sodium
分子式
Na
logP (XLogP3)
—
摩尔质量（g/mol）
22.9897693
极性
—

⚠️ 离子/无机化合物——汉森参数（δD/δP/δH）不适用：溶解由晶格能和离子溶剂化控制，而非分子间内聚力。HSP模块和汉森球已省略。HSP相关列（相容性/Ra/可视化）标记为“n/a”——请基于实验数据选择溶剂。

该物质暂无溶剂相容性表。
Hansen 参数超出该方法的范围，因此无法计算距离 Ra，且数据库中也没有可替代的溶解度实测数据。与其给出十一项毫无依据的评级，我们选择不显示。请依据安全数据表和实验数据选择溶剂。
📚 溶剂科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

11 种溶剂 · 54 条完整引用（NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS）— 见下文。

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — 周围神经病变（正己烷并非 IARC 致癌物）
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
溶解性理论（应用于相容性预测）：
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP三元组（dD, dP, dH）+ Ra公式。
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solvatochromism.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution for dD/dP/dH from SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — 250+溶剂的完整表格数据集（ε、μ、供体数、受体数）。
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 7440-23-5 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

完整参考文献位于页面底部的参考文献折叠面板——芝加哥格式手册第17版作者-日期格式。

⚗️ 检查反应兼容性
0 0 1 W
健康： 0/4
易燃性： 0/4
反应性： 1/4
特殊： W
根据NFPA 704 / 由H代码计算

检查Sodium是否与另一种试剂兼容

📦 储存兼容性矩阵
酸类 碱 氧化剂 易燃 毒性 Gazy
酸类 ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
碱 ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
氧化剂 ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
易燃 ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
毒性 ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ 可一起储存 · ⚠ 谨慎 · ✗ 禁止一起储存 · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

兼容性数据来源： Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 实验室计算器（8个）
稀释（C₁V₁=C₂V₂）
摩尔浓度（M=n/V）
pH缓冲液（Henderson-Hasselbalch）
Beer-Lambert（A=εcl）
质量→摩尔
浓度%→M
ppm→mg/L
温度 C↔F↔K

已验证的配方： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 光谱数据库
📋 实验室方案生成器

方案基于以下内容生成： GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ 标签生成器（QR码）
Sodium• Natrium / sodium atom• CAS: 7440-23-5• EC: 231-132-9• 分子式: Na• 摩尔质量: 22.9897693 g/mol危险GHS危险说明：H260: 遇水放出可自燃的易燃气体H314: 造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤EUH014: 遇水剧烈反应P223: 不得与水接触。Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX London[email protected]molgod.org批号: 净含量:
🧪 溶液配制助手（Smart Prep）

输入您要制备的内容——我将生成SOP

示例如下——点击插入：
预设配方：
📚 科学文献概览 — CAS 7440-23-5
⭐ 关键发现（科学文献） 11 出版物
🏆 CAS 7440-23-5 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30%引用·20%近期性·20%主题·15%历史·15%开放获取.
  1. #1
    Liu Y; Hu X; Li J et al. (2022) · Nature communications
    重要性： 必引文献（经典）
    SCORE 8.89 机制 MUST-CITE 引用： 57 DOI ↗
  2. #2
    Tsige-Tamirat, Haileyesus, Laborde, Laurent, Péniguel, Christophe et al. (2022) · Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 8.56 机制 引用： 7 Open Access DOI ↗
  3. #3
    Muchaamba F; Stoffers H; Blase R et al. (2021) · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
    重要性： 必引文献（经典）
    SCORE 6.64 药理学 MUST-CITE 引用： 6 DOI ↗
  4. #4
    Scranton K, John S, Angelini M et al. (2025) · Science advances
    重要性： 近期（2025）
    SCORE 4.8 机制 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  5. #5
    Qiao Y, Wang J, Wang B et al. (2025) · Nature communications
    重要性： 近期（2025）
    SCORE 4.8 药理学 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  6. #6
    Kinz-Thompson CD, Lopez-Redondo ML, Mulligan C et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    重要性： 近期（2026）
    SCORE 4.8 机制 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  7. #7
    Alindogan A; Joseph R (2026) · Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 近期（2026） · 综述
    SCORE 4 综述 MUST-CITE DOI ↗
  8. #8
    Mark DG, Alavi M, Nugent JR et al. (2026) · Annals of internal medicine
    重要性： 近期（2026）
    SCORE 4 药理学 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  9. #9
    Hegyi B, Angsutararux P, Chakouri N et al. (2026) · Circulation research
    重要性： 近期（2026）
    SCORE 4 机制 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  10. #10
    Zhu Y, Guo Y, Su Y et al. (2025) · Frontiers in immunology
    重要性： 近期（2025）
    SCORE 4 药理学 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  11. #11
    Hamzei Taj S, Thapaliya PK, Rakers C et al. (2026) · JCI insight
    重要性： 近期（2026）
    SCORE 4 机制 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗

为什么本页可以核查

标识

CAS、EC 和分子式，已在买方使用的各标识符系统中完成解析。页面显示已解析的系统数量，让您看到该物质的表征程度，而不是凭假设。

数据

每个理化数值都标明其来源及该来源的查阅日期。任何一条都可以打开查看。

分类

如有统一分类条目，则以其为准并注明索引号。自我分类单独列出并加以标注。

法规

名录、限制、授权和候选清单状态均逐一列明。凡状态尚未确定之处，本页会如实说明 — 从不声明不适用任何限制。

文件

有哪些文件、经过何种级别的审核、提供哪些语言，以及每份文件的出具时间。

供应商

谁在销售，以及其公开发布的自身信息。

本页内容均不构成认证。它是一份可供您审核的记录。

Two guarantees, both with their limits stated

The Gap Report Guarantee

If the available evidence cannot support a defensible document for your CAS number and product specification, we will not invent the missing values. You receive a documented gap report and choose: a refund, store credit, or the report on its own.

A visible gap is worth more than a plausible number, because the plausible number is the one that fails when somebody checks it.

The Re-issue Promise

If a signed card is rejected by an authority or by a customer’s compliance officer on one of the points we checked and reported as passed, we re-issue it corrected at no charge and credit the original fee.

This covers the checks we performed and named. It does not cover registration status, tonnage, or your role in the supply chain — those are not ours to hold, and a guarantee that pretended otherwise would be worth nothing.

This page describes the regulatory documentation issued for sodium (CAS 7440-23-5). The item supplied is a document, not the substance.

sodium (CAS 7440-23-5) at a glance

  • Substance – sodium
  • CAS number – 7440-23-5
  • EC number – 231-132-9
  • CLP Annex VI index number – 011-001-00-0
  • Hazard statements – H260; H314 (causes severe skin burns and eye damage); EUH014
  • Hazard classes – Water-react. 1, Skin Corr. 1B
  • Label pictograms – GHS02, GHS05
  • Signal word – Danger
  • Entry current as of – CLP00
  • CMR classification – not classified as CMR in the harmonised entry
  • Documentation issued – safety data sheet in REACH Annex II structure; working draft or signed card
  • What is supplied – a document. MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

What must the label for sodium contain?

The supply label for sodium is generated from the same classification that drives the safety data sheet: pictograms selected by precedence, one signal word derived from the highest hazard class present, and the hazard statements H260, H314, EUH014 reproduced in full. Where the container is too small to carry the complete set at a legible size, there are lawful ways to handle it and unlawful ones that look identical to a non-specialist.

What happens if a consignment of sodium is refused?

When a shipment of sodium is detained, the expense is typically not the document itself. It is the storage costs, demurrage fees, and the delay incurred by the customer. This financial calculation underscores the importance of verifying the documentation prior to dispatch rather than after receiving a notification from the border.

Disposal route and waste classification

Section 13 for CAS 7440-23-5 outlines the disposal method and procedures for contaminated packaging. Laboratories are subject to audits to ensure their waste management practices align with the information provided in this section. Any ambiguity or lack of specificity in this section may result in findings against the laboratory rather than the supplier, as it is responsible for adhering to the declared waste stream.

What is the EC number for sodium?

Alongside CAS 7440-23-5, this substance carries EC number 231-132-9 and Annex VI index 011-001-00-0. European documentation is built around the EC number as often as around the CAS: registration dossiers, the candidate list and customs systems key on it. A safety data sheet quoting only one of the two forces every downstream reader to look up the other.

What is the CLP classification of sodium?

The harmonised classification for CAS 7440-23-5 carries 3 hazard statements: H260, H314, EUH014. In plain terms this means H260; causes severe skin burns and eye damage; EUH014. A harmonised entry is binding across the Union — an importer may not soften it, and a self-classification that diverges from it will not survive an enforcement check.

How is sodium classified for road, sea and air transport?

Transport classification for sodium sits in section 14 and differs by mode: ADR for road, IMDG for sea, IATA for air. A sheet that prints all three without stating which applies leaves the shipper to choose, and the shipper is the one penalised for choosing wrong.

What is the UN number for sodium?

For carriage, sodium is assigned UN 1428, transport class 4.3, packing group I. These entries belong in section 14 of the safety data sheet and must match the shipping papers exactly. A consignment where the sheet and the transport document disagree on the UN number is stopped before anyone reads the remaining fifteen sections.

Documentation demand on the EU market

CAS 7440-23-5 has a recorded presence on the European trading market, which means documentation for it is requested routinely rather than exceptionally. Substances that move in commerce attract repeat scrutiny: the same sheet is read by successive customers, carriers and authorities, and a defect that survives the first reading rarely survives the tenth.

Purity, certificates and what the sheet does not say

For CAS 7440-23-5, the differentiation between grades such as technical, reagent, and analytical is documented in the certificate of analysis and the relevant specifications rather than on the safety data sheet. This confusion between the two is the most frequent documentation error observed in laboratory procurement processes.

Why a correct sheet stops being correct

Classification under CLP moves with each Adaptation to Technical Progress. A sheet for CAS 7440-23-5 written before the amendment that touched its entry keeps stating a classification the register no longer holds. Nothing in the document announces this — it reads exactly as it did on the day it was issued, which is precisely why revision dates are checked before content.

Identifiers that must agree

CAS 7440-23-5 and index number 011-001-00-0 are not interchangeable and not decorative. The index number ties the entry to the harmonised classification; the CAS number ties it to the chemical literature. A file carrying one without the other forces every reader to reconstruct the link, and reconstruction is where errors enter.

Which SDS sections decide whether a shipment clears?

A document for CAS 7440-23-5 must follow a specific structure consisting of sixteen sections in the prescribed order, including the required subsections. This format has been established prior to the CLP and continues to be relevant after its implementation. Consequently, adherence to a sixteen-section layout does not necessarily indicate whether the classification information within is up-to-date or current.

Which GHS pictograms apply to sodium?

The label for sodium carries GHS02 (flame), GHS05 (corrosion), with the signal word Danger. These are not chosen by the supplier: CLP Annex VI states them for CAS 7440-23-5, and the precedence rules in Annex I decide which pictogram is dropped when two would say the same thing. A label showing a different set from the register is wrong even if every hazard statement on it is correct.

Who is responsible for REACH compliance for sodium?

Whoever brings sodium across the Union border carries the documentation duty, and it does not transfer back up the supply chain by contract. Section 1 has to name a contactable entity inside the Union: a foreign address there is treated as no address at all, and it is among the first things an inspector verifies because it takes seconds.

Where is regulatory status recorded for sodium?

The existence of additional obligations beyond classification for CAS 7440-23-5, such as inclusion in the candidate list, authorisation, or restrictions, should be addressed in section 15. As customers increasingly require a written statement regarding these obligations prior to placing an order, this section serves as the appropriate location to provide clarity on the matter.

Questions about documentation for sodium

In which language must the sheet be supplied?

In an official language of each Member State where sodium is placed on the market, unless that State has stated otherwise.

Can I check whether my existing sheet is still valid?

Yes. A section-by-section reading against Annex II and the current harmonised entry establishes that in one pass, and a sheet that passes is reported as passing.

Do I need a safety data sheet to import sodium into the EU?

Yes. A sheet compiled to Annex II of REACH must exist before the first consignment moves, and it must be held by the entity placing the substance on the Union market.

What is the CAS number of sodium?

CAS 7440-23-5. In CLP Annex VI the same substance carries index number 011-001-00-0, and both identifiers should appear in the documentation.

MolGod.org issues documentation and does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances. CAS 7440-23-5 identifies the subject of this document.

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€49.99		 专家审核版
€249.99
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核查供应商发给您的数据表 YesYes
发送给您的客户 并非为此编写Yes
随出口货物一同寄运 并非为此编写Yes
供检查员或主管机关审阅 并非为此编写Yes
根据您的公司、等级和已确定用途进行调整 NoYes
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何时收到 付款后立即收到完整资料后 72 小时内

您可以将草稿发送给任何人。“并非为此编写”的意思正是如此：它没有签名，也没有针对贵公司调整的字段，因此无法回答收件方即将提出的问题。

签名的含义

文件由谁编制
The document is generated by the MolGod engine from ECHA CLP Annex VI and the cited public sources, then read section by section by a qualified scientific reviewer with a degree in chemistry or a related scientific field.
审核范围
我们依照 REACH 附件 II 的结构逐节审阅该数据表。GHS 分类和运输条目将根据文件中引用的来源进行核对，并根据您提供的公司、产品等级和已识别用途对数据表进行调整。
不予核实的内容
我们不检测您的物料，也无法确认您容器中实际装有什么：成分、浓度、杂质或生产路线。这些信息由您提供，并按您提供的内容如实转载。
签名意味着什么 — 以及不意味着什么
The signature records that a qualified scientific reviewer read the document. It is not a government approval, not an ECHA approval, and not a legal certification — no such certification exists for safety data sheets in the EU. A signature does not by itself make a document legally valid or make your business compliant.
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Related products

📄 分析证书（CoA） CAS 7440-23-5 无

数据库中无此产品的证书。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

批次管理与实验室认证标准——13个独立来源（ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG）。

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [链接 ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [链接 ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [链接 ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [链接 ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [链接 ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [链接 ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [链接 ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [链接 ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [链接 ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [链接 ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [链接 ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📜 专利（公开元数据） 无数据

目前未在Crossref/OpenAlex中找到该物质的公开专利元数据。数据将在下次缓存刷新（24小时）后自动更新。

📚 参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开
  1. Alindogan A, Joseph R. (2026). "Disorders of Sodium.". Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2025.02.003
  2. Mark DG, Alavi M, Nugent JR et al.. (2026). "Sodium Correction Rates and Associated Outcomes Among Patients With Severe Hyponatremia : A Retrospective Cohort Study.". Annals of internal medicine. https://doi.org/10.7326/ANNALS-25-03676
  3. Hegyi B, Angsutararux P, Chakouri N et al.. (2026). "Targeting Arrhythmogenic Late Sodium Current by FHF1(A)-Derivative FixR in Heart Failure Cardiomyocytes.". Circulation research. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.126.328204
  4. Hamzei Taj S, Thapaliya PK, Rakers C et al.. (2026). "Neuronal and astrocytic sodium-calcium exchanger differentially regulates calcium and sodium overload during ischemic stroke.". JCI insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.200411
  5. Kinz-Thompson CD, Lopez-Redondo ML, Mulligan C et al.. (2026). "Elevator mechanism dynamics in a sodium-coupled dicarboxylate transporter.". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2500723123
  6. Scranton K, John S, Angelini M et al.. (2025). "The mechanism of action of digoxin requires the sodium-dependent inactivation of the sodium-calcium exchanger.". Science advances. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ady9596
  7. Zhu Y, Guo Y, Su Y et al.. (2025). "Necrosis by sodium overload-associated genes TRPM4 and SLC9A1: biological roles and clinical implications in breast cancer progression.". Frontiers in immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1623511
  8. Qiao Y, Wang J, Wang B et al.. (2025). "Sodium disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism to execute NECSO.". Nature communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67181-x
  9. Tsige-Tamirat, Haileyesus, Laborde, Laurent, Péniguel, Christophe et al.. (2022). "A Review of Models for the Sodium Boiling Phenomena in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Subassemblies". https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051066
  10. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
  11. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
  12. European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
  13. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  14. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  15. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  16. Meanwell, Nicholas A. 2011. "Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 54 (8): 2529-2591.
  17. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of Synthetic Accessibility Score of Drug-Like Molecules Based on Molecular Complexity and Fragment Contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  18. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  19. Allison, John R., and Mark A. Lemley. 1998. "Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents." AIPLA Quarterly Journal 26 (3): 185-275.
  20. Patani, George A., and Edmond J. LaVoie. 1996. "Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design." Chemical Reviews 96 (8): 3147-3176.
  21. Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/patents/7440-23-5?status=active&limit=10

数据来自PubChem来源： PubChem (NIH)
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📚 参考文献（综合书目，芝加哥作者-日期格式） 78 条目

以上折叠面板中针对CAS号7440-23-5引用的所有科学来源。格式： 《芝加哥格式手册》第17版，作者-日期系统.

🗄️ 科学数据库

  1. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 7440-23-5. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine.
  2. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 7440-23-5. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=7440-23-5.
  3. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 7440-23-5. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  4. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  5. ECHA. n.d. C&L Inventory and REACH Registration: CAS 7440-23-5. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

📐 标准/指南

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 书籍

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  3. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  4. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 科学文章（同行评审）

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 网站

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  10. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  11. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  12. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  13. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  14. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  15. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  16. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  17. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  18. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
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📜 许可与来源PREDICTED MODEL · NOT VERIFIED
PREDICTED MODEL — NOT VERIFIED
computed by MolGod Scientific · experimental feature (beta) · may contain errors

No source 3-D conformer was available to MolGod for this substance. MolGod Scientific computed this geometry from the structural formula with RDKit 2026.03.6 (no conformer embedding or force-field optimisation was needed: the substance consists of single-atom ions only, whose arrangement is a presentation convention). It is not a measured structure, it does not come from PubChem, and it has not been compared with experimental data. It shows one possible conformation.

Methods and references
  1. RDKit: Open-source cheminformatics, version 2026.03.6. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.22140358 (all versions: doi:10.5281/zenodo.591637)
  2. Heller SR, McNaught A, Pletnev I, Stein S, Tchekhovskoi D. InChI, the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier. J. Cheminform. 2015, 7, 23. doi:10.1186/s13321-015-0068-4
  3. Kim S, Chen J, Cheng T, et al. PubChem 2025 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025, 53, D1516-D1525. doi:10.1093/nar/gkae1059 Compound record: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5360545
模型
Sodium · 7440-23-5
InChIKey
KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
许可与来源记录
Sodium (CAS 7440-23-5) →
MolGod 分子记录
Sodium →
源数据
PubChem CID 5360545 ↗
模型信息
尚未发布

本许可适用于 MolGod 创建的 STL 网格，不自动适用于第三方源材料。