pentane-CAS-109-66-0-—-Safety-Data-Sheet CAS_NUMBER 109-66-0 (zh_CN)

pentane (CAS 109-66-0) — Safety Data Sheet

Safety data sheet documentation for pentane (CAS 109-66-0), compiled to REACH Annex II with classification read against the harmonised entry in CLP Annex VI (H225, H304, H336, H411). Two options: a working draft sent by e-mail immediately, or a signed card issued within 72 hours of complete input. The item supplied is a document — MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

Free, and generated automatically from the sources listed on this page. No person has reviewed it, and it describes the substance in general — not your material, your process or your intended market.

REACH 2020/878
v4 · 08.09.2026
下载安全数据表 (PDF)CAS 109-66-0 · PDF · 179 KB工作草稿 — 尚未经过审核和批准。

第 9 部分 — 理化特性：已确定 12 项，共 22 项。

我们展示已确定的内容，并指明尚未确定的内容。每张卡片上的分类和标识信息都是完整的；公开数据较少的是第9部分。

本页出售的是该物质的文件，而非物质本身。请选择您所需的级别。

  1. €0审核您现有的文件将您现有的该物质文件发给我们，我们会告诉您其中有哪些问题。每家公司限一次。如果文件没有问题，您无需购买任何东西。开始免费审核 →
  2. €49.99工作草案完整的十六部分文件，附参考文献，结账后可立即下载。在文书工作尚未定稿时的合适选择。
  3. €249.99签署版文件同一份文件经审核并签署，在收到完整资料后 72 小时内出具 — 以备官方询问由谁对其负责之时。

该物质可提供的文件： 安全数据表 · CLP 标签 · 分析证书（应要求提供） · 规格书。语言：您目标市场的官方语言，按每份文件单独制作。

此处不显示等级、纯度、物理形态、包装、最小起订量和交货期，因为 MolGod 不供应该物料 — 这些是关于卖方的信息，而本页没有卖方。它们会出现在我们为供应商搭建的店铺中，在那里有人能对其负责。

先查看成品文件完整价目表 →

您将收到的内容 — 以及这不是什么

您将收到的内容

  • 一份数字 PDF 安全数据表，采用 REACH 附件 II（法规 1907/2006）规定的十六部分结构。
  • 物质标识、危害分类、理化、毒理学和生态学信息以及法规参考。
  • 如该物质在 CLP 附件 VI 中有统一分类条目，则依据该条目核对分类。
  • 版本号、编制日期，以及每个附有来源的数值所依据的来源。
  • 通过电子邮件交付，不寄送任何实物。

这不是什么

  • 不是化学物质，不是样品，也不是任何实物商品。
  • 这不是认证。欧盟不存在针对安全数据表的官方认证制度。
  • 不构成法律批准，也不保证在任何司法管辖区合规。
  • 不能替代您自己的法规评估，也不能替代您实际持有物质的制造商或进口商提供的安全数据表。
  • 除非您提供相关信息，否则不针对特定工作场所、工艺或国家附录进行调整。

当现有证据不足以支持某一数值时，数据表会注明该数值未确定，而不是进行估算。没有记录来源的字段会被如实标注。

买方资料包包含哪些内容

您的合规专员会要求的一切，集中在一个文件中。

  • PDF 格式的产品页面 — 与发布内容一致的记录，确保您转发的内容与您阅读的内容相符。
  • 与您权限级别相应的安全数据表 — 按 REACH 附件 II 规定顺序排列的十六个部分，针对该物质，采用您选择的语言。
  • CLP 标签设计稿 — 与安全数据表基于同一分类生成，因此两者不可能互相矛盾。
  • 规格书，以及在有批次数据时提供的分析证书。
  • sources.txt — 每条引用均注明查阅日期。
  • 我们无法确定事项的明确清单 — 相关字段标注为“不可用”，而不是用估计值填充。这是文件中诚实的部分，我们不会把它藏在脚注里。

您的欧洲买方会把这些资料转发给没有参加通话的人。资料包的意义在于，让其转发的内容完整、不言自明且可追溯 — 而不是四个附件加一句以 “我想就这些了” 开头的话。

SKU: SDS-109-66-0 Category: Tags: , , , , , , , , , , ,

这些选项用于切换本页面的语言。 Single substances. Mixtures on enquiry. One document, one language — additional languages are priced separately. Every version, including the Chinese one, is written to EU law — (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) Annex II and (EU) 2020/878 — and translated from it. The Chinese version is a reference translation, not a legally valid document for the Chinese market: an SDS for China must be compiled separately to GB/T 16483 and GB/T 17519.

🧬 3D分子可视化器
正在加载分子...
3D模型Pentane，CAS 109-66-0，分子式C5H12, 摩尔质量 72.15 g/mol

数据转录自法规登记册和专业文献，并注明来源与版本。不能替代供应商的安全数据表。未记录来源的字段已作相应标注。

📊 物理化学数据 — CAS 109-66-0
📊 物理化学性质

快速参考

化学式： C5H12
分子量： 72.15 g/mol
CAS号： 109-66-0
外观： 无色液体 [注：高于97°F时为气体。可用作燃料。]
气味： 令人愉快
🔬 高级属性

化学标识符

SMILES: CCCCC

最后更新： 2026-08-25

化学概述: Pentane
分子式C5H12[1]
分子量72.15 g/mol[1]
熔点-129.8 °C[2]
沸点36.11 °C[2]
密度0.63 g/cm³
LogP（亲脂性）3.4[1]
IUPAC名称pentane[1]
SMILESCCCCC[1]
InChIKeyOFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

同义词: PENTANE · n-Pentane · 109-66-0 · Pentan · Skellysolve A

数据来源： PubChem (NLM/NIH)
最后更新： 2026-08-25

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (2 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: 分子式 · 分子量 · LogP（亲脂性） · IUPAC名称 · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. NIST. Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗ applies to: 熔点 · 沸点

科学研究

[1]PubMed1999
n-Pentane. CAS# 109-66-0.
Galvin JB, Marashi F. (1999). "n-Pentane. CAS# 109-66-0.". Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A. https://doi.org/10.1080/009841099157412
查看完整研究 ↗
[2]Europe PMC1998
Toxicology of n-pentane (CAS no. 109-66-0).
et al.. (1998). "Toxicology of n-pentane (CAS no. 109-66-0).". https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199811/12)18:6<431::aid-jat524>3.0.co;2-l
查看完整研究 ↗
📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） 2 refs · 2 baz

MOLECULE 按CAS号参考文献（实时来自13+数据库）

来源： db:pubmed (1) · db:Europe PMC (1)

  1. db:pubmed Galvin JB, Marashi F. (1999). "n-Pentane. CAS# 109-66-0.". Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A. https://doi.org/10.1080/009841099157412 →
  2. db:Europe PMC et al.. (1998). "Toxicology of n-pentane (CAS no. 109-66-0).". https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199811/12)18:6<431::aid-jat524>3.0.co;2-l →
物质监管状态
该物质受监管要求约束： 危险废物管理（BDO——波兰国家规定）; 危险货物运输（ADR/RID/IMDG）. 详细信息请参见“法规状态（REACH/ECHA/CLP）”章节及安全数据表。 监管信息——不限制在本店购买。
🧮 化学计量计算器
🧪 化学数据
CAS号
109-66-0
分子式
C5H12
摩尔质量
72.15 g/mol
IUPAC名称 (EN)
pentane
SMILES
CCCCC
InChIKey
OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📚 Related literature (20 篇文章)

Matched automatically from public bibliographic databases by text similarity. Not curated for this substance, and not part of the safety data sheet.

McKee R, Frank E, Heath J et al. · (1998) · Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
Joseph M. Anderson, Nicholas D. Measom, John A. Murphy et al. · (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Vasyl Ripenko, Vadym Sham, Vitalina Levchenko et al. · (2024) · Nature Synthesis
Marjan Goodarzi, Iskander Tlili, Hazim Moria et al. · (2020) · Alexandria Engineering Journal
筛选：
排序：
📈 出版时间线
1998
1999
2004
2012
2015
2018
2020
2021
2023
2024
2025
2026
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Temp. wrzenia
36.1
Temp. topnienia
-129.8
Density
0.628

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-08-25

🔍 外部标识符
14 / 16个ID系统88%
数据库标识符操作
CAS Registry Number109-66-0打开 →
PubChem CID8003[1]打开 →
InChIKeyOFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]打开 →
InChIInChI=1S/C5H12/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H2,1-2H3[1]
SMILESCCCCC[1]
EC Number203-692-4[2]打开 →
ChEMBLCHEMBL16102[3]打开 →
DrugBankDB03119打开 →
HMDBHMDB0029603打开 →
ChemSpider7712[4]打开 →
MeSH UID (NLM)C033353打开 →
UNII (FDA)4FEX897A91打开 →
NSC Number (NCI)72415打开 →
WikiData QIDQ150429打开 →

来源：PubChem (NIH)、Wikidata SPARQL、KEGG、ChEMBL (EBI)、CompTox CTX (EPA)。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (4 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ applies to: EC Number
  3. ChEMBL. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), bioactivity database. ↗ applies to: ChEMBL
  4. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ applies to: ChemSpider

Further reading

Publications thematically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value shown on this card.

扩展参考文献 (6)

  1. ★★★★½ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 付费墙（可能） ✓ 已验证 Xu W; Zheng Z; Bao G et al.. 2023. "Photocatalytic Three-Component Synthesis of 3-Heteroarylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-acetates." Organic letters. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11]
  2. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. 2015. "Pentane (all isomers) [MAK Value Documentation, 2007]." The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety: 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600418.mb0212isme4314. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-10] CC0 (metadata)
  3. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. 2015. "Pentane (all Isomers) [MAK Value Documentation, 2004]." The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600418.mb0212isme3914. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-10] CC0 (metadata)
  4. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. 2014. "Substance Overview for Pentane (all isomers)." The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety: 1-1. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600418.mbe0212ism. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-10] CC0 (metadata)
  5. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. 2006. "Pentane (all isomers)." The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600418.mbe0212ism.pub3. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-10] CC0 (metadata)
  6. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. 2004. "Pentane (all isomers)." Occupational Toxicants and MAK Values. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600418.mbe0212ism.pub2. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-10] CC0 (metadata)
📡 光谱学 — CAS 109-66-0
📊 光谱（NMR、IR、MS、UV-Vis） (1)

可用光谱类型： IR

红外光谱 (KBr, 4000-400 cm⁻¹)

440个数据点 · 来源： NIST WebBook · NIST ↗ · 📥 JCAMP-DX
🎓 谱图解析指南（供学生使用）
如何解读IR光谱
  • 3200-3600 cm⁻¹ — O-H 伸缩 (宽峰 = 氢键)
  • 2850-3000 cm⁻¹ — C-H 伸缩 (sp³)
  • 1650-1750 cm⁻¹ — C=O 伸缩 (酮、醛、酯)
  • 1400-1600 cm⁻¹ — 芳香环振动
  • 1000-1300 cm⁻¹ — C-O 伸缩 (醚、醇)
  • 无吸收=无官能团→与参考谱图比较

来源： LibreTexts ↗, Silverstein (Spectrometric ID) ↗

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (7 来源)
  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2024. "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69." Gaithersburg, MD: NIST. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  2. Spectral Database for Organic Structure Determination (SDBS). 2024. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  3. Ulrich, Eldon L., Hideo Akutsu, John F. Doreleijers, Yoko Harano, Yannis E. Ioannidis, Jundong Lin, Miron Livny, et al. 2008. "BioMagResBank." Nucleic Acids Research 36 (D1): D402–D408. [DOI ↗]
  4. Horai, Hisayuki, Masanori Arita, Shigehiko Kanaya, Yoshito Nihei, Tasuku Ikeda, Kazuhiro Suwa, Yuya Ojima, et al. 2010. "MassBank: A Public Repository for Sharing Mass Spectral Data for Life Sciences." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 45 (7): 703–714. [DOI ↗]
  5. Linstrom, P.J., and W.G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗
  6. McDonald, M. Shane, Mike McAvoy, and Ajit Bhalerao. 1988. "JCAMP-DX: A Standard Form for Exchange of Infrared Spectra in Computer Readable Form." Applied Spectroscopy 42 (1): 151–162. [DOI ↗]
  7. PubChem. 2024. "PubChem Compound Database." National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
结构性质

正在加载结构数据...

❓ 常见问题 (9)
What is Pentane?
Pentane (CAS 109-66-0) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C5H12 and a molecular weight of 72.15 g/mol. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
有帮助吗？
What is the CAS number of Pentane?
The CAS number for Pentane is 109-66-0. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
有帮助吗？
What is the chemical formula of Pentane?
The molecular formula of Pentane is C5H12. Its molecular weight is 72.15 g/mol.
有帮助吗？
What is the melting point of Pentane?
The melting point of Pentane is -129.7575.
有帮助吗？
What is the boiling point of Pentane?
The boiling point of Pentane is 36.0869.
有帮助吗？
What is the density of Pentane?
The density of Pentane is 0.627.
有帮助吗？
What are the physicochemical properties of Pentane?
Physicochemical properties of Pentane are available in the chemical data section on the product page.
有帮助吗？
Is Pentane hazardous?
Pentane is classified as hazardous (signal word: Danger); its pictograms and hazard statements are set out in section 2 of its safety data sheet. Read the safety data sheet before use and follow the handling precautions it states.
有帮助吗？
How should Pentane be stored?
Pentane should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
有帮助吗？
➕ 建议问题
下载结构文件

来自PubChem数据库（NIH）的分子结构文件。兼容Avogadro、PyMOL、Jmol和ChemDraw等程序。

来源：PubChem，美国国家医学图书馆（NIH）。 CID: 8003

🔄 浓度单位转换器 实时

输入Pentane浓度（任意单位），其余将自动计算。

分子量： 72.15 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ 转换公式及引用（每个公式）
转换分子式准确度来源
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 参考文献（8个权威来源）
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
相似分子结构

正在加载相似结构...

🧪 溶液制备向导 WIZARD
① 选择浓度
② 目标体积
③ 溶剂

计算依据： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

计算化学

正在加载计算数据...

🛡️ 安全 — CAS 109-66-0
数据限制说明。 本页安全信息仅供参考，不能替代完整的安全数据表（SDS）。使用产品前，请查阅制造商当前的安全数据表以及GHS/CLP指南。CLP分类适用于纯散装物质，不适用于商业制剂。

GHS/CLP分类——(EC) No 1272/2008法规 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021)。

⚠️ 危险 (Danger)
GHS02 — 易燃
GHS02 易燃
GHS07 — 刺激性/有害
GHS07 刺激性/有害
GHS08 — 健康危害
GHS08 健康危害
GHS09 — 环境危害
GHS09 环境危害

🚨 危险说明（H）

  • H225 — 高度易燃液体和蒸气
  • H304 — 吞咽并进入呼吸道可能致命
  • H336 — 可引起昏睡或眩晕
  • H411 — 对水生生物有毒并具有长期持续影响
  • EUH066

🛡 防范说明（P）

  • P210 — 远离热源、热表面、火花、明火和其他点火源。禁止吸烟。

✓ 根据CLP法规(EC) 1272/2008附件VI的统一分类（官方、具有约束力的分类）。 索引号：601-006-00-1。

参考文献（芝加哥格式）： European Chemicals Agency. "pentane, Index No. 601-006-00-1." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

翻译：CLP 法规 (EC) 1272/2008，附件 III 和 IV。数据：PubChem/NLM。

📚 综合科学参考文献 — Chicago Author-Date 10 来源

从所有Safety Hub选项卡收集的参考文献。CAS号： 109-66-0 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS，法规
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. 急救、毒理学
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] 急救、个人防护装备、毒理学
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] 个人防护装备
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] 处置、法规
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] 储存
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] 储存
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. 国家规定——波兰 [↗] 废物处置
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] 毒理学

具有自身参考文献的选项卡（紧急情况、个人防护装备、储存、废物）在其各自章节中包含额外的书目条目。

📈 分析统计（t检验·RSD·Grubbs·Q-Dixon） ICH Q2

粘贴一系列重复测量结果（CSV或每行一个数字）。计算器将计算平均值、标准差和95%置信区间，并检测异常值（Grubbs + Dixon Q）。

分隔符：逗号、空格、制表符、换行。至少3个测量值。
📐 统计公式
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — 算术平均值
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — 样本方差
  • s = √s² — 标准差
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — 相对标准差
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs检验
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

来源：ICH Q2(R2) 分析方法验证 · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 缓冲液配方计算器 唯一
参考文献： pKa值来自 Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

从 20 种常用缓冲体系列表中选择 → 输入目标 pH → 获得精确配方，包括称量质量。

步骤 1：选择缓冲体系

📜 配方历史记录（最近 10 条）
药物状态

Prekliniczny

I期
II期
III期
已批准

临床前——无人体研究数据。

ChEMBL CHEMBL16102 ↗

🚚 运输分类（ADR / IATA / IMDG） UN 1265
UN编号
UN 1265
Pentanes
Flammable
来源: ADR 2025 Tabela A (adr_dangerous_goods.json)

🛣️ ADR 公路运输

类别:
3
包装组:
II
运输名称:
Pentanes
隧道代码:
(D/E)

✈️ IATA 航空运输

类别:
3
包装说明:
353 / 364
最大数量（PAX）:
1 L
最大数量 (CAO):
30 L

🚢 IMDG 海运

类别:
3
EmS Code:
F-E, S-D

来源： ADR 2025 ↗ · IATA DGR ↗ · IMDG Code ↗

📅 项目规划器——实验室实验管理器 新品

规划您的整个实验室项目：添加实验（含试剂、重复次数和持续时间）。您将获得甘特图、购物清单（含商店链接！）、预算（含10%余量）和GHS风险矩阵。

🧪 溶解性和溶剂兼容性
分子
Pentane
分子式
C5H12
logP (XLogP3)
3.40
摩尔质量（g/mol）
72.15
极性
疏水性（非极性）

⚠️ GC估算（Hoftyzer-Van Krevelen）。该CAS无文献HSP数据——精度±2 MPa½。请实验验证。

Ra < R₀ = 混溶性良好 · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = 临界 · 以上 = 较差（R₀ — 该分子 Hansen 溶解度球的半径） 该分子的 R₀ = 8.。

溶剂 兼容性 Ra 可视化 GC-MS HPLC 应用 参考文献
Water (H₂O)0.038 g/L（实测）—
✗ NoA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)——无依据✗ NoA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)——无依据✗ NoA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetone——无依据✗ NoB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)——无依据✗ NoB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSO——无依据✗ NoN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THF——无依据✗ NoB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)——无依据✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)——无依据✓ YesN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexane——无依据✓ YesA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene——无依据✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 溶剂科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

11 种溶剂 · 54 条完整引用（NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS）— 见下文。

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — 周围神经病变（正己烷并非 IARC 致癌物）
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
溶解性理论（应用于相容性预测）：
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP三元组（dD, dP, dH）+ Ra公式。
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solvatochromism.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution for dD/dP/dH from SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — 250+溶剂的完整表格数据集（ε、μ、供体数、受体数）。
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 109-66-0 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

完整参考文献位于页面底部的参考文献折叠面板——芝加哥格式手册第17版作者-日期格式。

⚗️ 检查反应兼容性
1 3 0
健康： 1/4
易燃性： 3/4
反应性： 0/4
根据NFPA 704 / 由H代码计算

检查Pentane是否与另一种试剂兼容

📦 储存兼容性矩阵
酸类 碱 氧化剂 易燃 毒性 Gazy
酸类 ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
碱 ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
氧化剂 ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
易燃 ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
毒性 ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ 可一起储存 · ⚠ 谨慎 · ✗ 禁止一起储存 · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

兼容性数据来源： Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 实验室计算器（8个）
稀释（C₁V₁=C₂V₂）
摩尔浓度（M=n/V）
pH缓冲液（Henderson-Hasselbalch）
Beer-Lambert（A=εcl）
质量→摩尔
浓度%→M
ppm→mg/L
温度 C↔F↔K

已验证的配方： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 光谱数据库
📋 实验室方案生成器

方案基于以下内容生成： GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ 标签生成器（QR码）
Pentane• n-Pentane / Pentan• IUPAC: pentane• CAS: 109-66-0• EC: 203-692-4• 分子式: C5H12• 摩尔质量: 72.15 g/mol危险GHS危险说明：H225 H304 H336 H411 EUH066P210: 远离热源、热表面、火花、明火和其他点火源。禁止吸烟。仅供实验室使用！Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX London[email protected]molgod.org批号: 净含量:
🧪 溶液配制助手（Smart Prep）

输入您要制备的内容——我将生成SOP

示例如下——点击插入：
预设配方：
📚 科学文献概览 — CAS 109-66-0
⭐ 关键发现（科学文献） 20 出版物
🏆 CAS 109-66-0 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30%引用·20%近期性·20%主题·15%历史·15%开放获取.
  1. #1
    Joseph M. Anderson, Nicholas D. Measom, John A. Murphy et al. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition
    重要性： 131 次引用 · open access
    SCORE 11.91 机制 引用： 131 Open Access DOI ↗
  2. #2
    Vasyl Ripenko, Vadym Sham, Vitalina Levchenko et al. (2024) · Nature Synthesis
    重要性： 近期（2024） · open access
    SCORE 11.89 机制 引用： 40 Open Access DOI ↗
  3. #3
    Sarah Livesley, Alistair J. Sterling, Craig M. Robertson et al. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 11.64 机制 引用： 57 Open Access DOI ↗
  4. #4
    Yangyang Yang, Jet Tsien, Ryan Dykstra et al. (2023) · Nature Chemistry
    重要性： 近期（2023） · open access
    SCORE 11.51 机制 引用： 60 Open Access DOI ↗
  5. #5
    Marjan Goodarzi, Iskander Tlili, Hazim Moria et al. (2020) · Alexandria Engineering Journal
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 10.99 机制 引用： 81 Open Access DOI ↗
  6. #6
    et al. (2026) · Nature Communications
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 9.28 机制 引用： 2 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  7. #7
    et al. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 8.75 机制 引用： 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  8. #8
    Kehinde E. Ogunronbi, Aliasghar Sepehri, Bin Chen et al. (2018) · The Journal of Chemical Physics
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 8.62 机制 引用： 20 Open Access DOI ↗
  9. #9
    et al. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition
    重要性： 近期（2025） · open access
    SCORE 8.48 机制 引用： 2 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  10. #10
    et al. (2023) · Polymers
    重要性： 近期（2023） · open access
    SCORE 7.85 机制 引用： 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  11. #11
    et al. (2026) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 7.05 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  12. #12
    et al. (2026) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 7.05 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  13. #13
    et al. (2025) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry
    重要性： 近期（2025） · open access
    SCORE 7.05 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  14. #14
    et al. (2026) · Organic Letters
    重要性： 近期（2026）
    SCORE 6.5 机制 引用： 1 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  15. #15
    Xu W; Zheng Z; Bao G et al. (2023) · Organic letters
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 近期（2023）
    SCORE 4.7 工业 MUST-CITE DOI ↗
  16. #16
    Hao W; Wu M; Tian X et al. (2023) · Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids
    重要性： 必引文献（经典） · 近期（2023）
    SCORE 3.9 工业 MUST-CITE DOI ↗
  17. #17
    McKee R, Frank E, Heath J et al. (1998) · Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
    重要性： 通过多标准评分选择（引用+近期性+主题+历史+开放获取）。
    SCORE 3.77 机制 引用： 17 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  18. #18
    (2012) · Wiley
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 2.85 机制 Open Access DOI ↗
  19. #19
    (2004) · Wiley
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 2.25 机制 Open Access DOI ↗
  20. #20
    Galvin JB, Marashi F (1999) · Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A
    重要性： 综述
    SCORE 0 综述 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗

为什么本页可以核查

标识

CAS、EC 和分子式，已在买方使用的各标识符系统中完成解析。页面显示已解析的系统数量，让您看到该物质的表征程度，而不是凭假设。

数据

每个理化数值都标明其来源及该来源的查阅日期。任何一条都可以打开查看。

分类

如有统一分类条目，则以其为准并注明索引号。自我分类单独列出并加以标注。

法规

名录、限制、授权和候选清单状态均逐一列明。凡状态尚未确定之处，本页会如实说明 — 从不声明不适用任何限制。

文件

有哪些文件、经过何种级别的审核、提供哪些语言，以及每份文件的出具时间。

供应商

谁在销售，以及其公开发布的自身信息。

本页内容均不构成认证。它是一份可供您审核的记录。

Two guarantees, both with their limits stated

The Gap Report Guarantee

If the available evidence cannot support a defensible document for your CAS number and product specification, we will not invent the missing values. You receive a documented gap report and choose: a refund, store credit, or the report on its own.

A visible gap is worth more than a plausible number, because the plausible number is the one that fails when somebody checks it.

The Re-issue Promise

If a signed card is rejected by an authority or by a customer’s compliance officer on one of the points we checked and reported as passed, we re-issue it corrected at no charge and credit the original fee.

This covers the checks we performed and named. It does not cover registration status, tonnage, or your role in the supply chain — those are not ours to hold, and a guarantee that pretended otherwise would be worth nothing.

pentane — CAS 109-66-0, Annex VI index 601-006-00-1. Below: what the regulatory file for this substance must contain and where such files usually fail.

pentane (CAS 109-66-0) at a glance

  • Substance – pentane
  • CAS number – 109-66-0
  • EC number – 203-692-4
  • CLP Annex VI index number – 601-006-00-1
  • Hazard statements – H225 (highly flammable liquid and vapour); H304 (may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways); H336 (may cause drowsiness or dizziness); H411 (toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects); EUH066
  • Hazard classes – Flam. Liq. 2, Asp. Tox. 1, STOT SE 3, Aquatic Chronic 2
  • Label pictograms – GHS02, GHS07, GHS08, GHS09
  • Signal word – Danger
  • Annex VI notes – C
  • Entry current as of – CLP00
  • CMR classification – not classified as CMR in the harmonised entry
  • Documentation issued – safety data sheet in REACH Annex II structure; working draft or signed card
  • What is supplied – a document. MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

Which GHS pictograms apply to pentane?

The label for pentane carries GHS02 (flame), GHS07 (exclamation mark), GHS08 (health hazard), GHS09 (environment), with the signal word Danger. These are not chosen by the supplier: CLP Annex VI states them for CAS 109-66-0, and the precedence rules in Annex I decide which pictogram is dropped when two would say the same thing. A label showing a different set from the register is wrong even if every hazard statement on it is correct.

What is the EC number for pentane?

Alongside CAS 109-66-0, this substance carries EC number 203-692-4 and Annex VI index 601-006-00-1. European documentation is built around the EC number as often as around the CAS: registration dossiers, the candidate list and customs systems key on it. A safety data sheet quoting only one of the two forces every downstream reader to look up the other.

Identifiers that must agree

Identity verification must be conducted prior to hazard assessment. If discrepancies exist between the label, safety data sheet, and certificate regarding the CAS 109-66-0 number or if the index 601-006-00-1 refers to a location where the name does not match, a reviewer will lose trust in all three documents simultaneously, despite their internal consistency. This is because inconsistencies among these key documentation elements undermine their reliability as a unified source of information.

What do customs check when importing pentane?

When a consignment of pentane is stopped at the border, the document examined first is rarely the invoice. It is section 14 of the safety data sheet and its agreement with the transport papers. A missing packing group, an absent UN number or a proper shipping name that contradicts the classification of CAS 109-66-0 will hold the pallet regardless of how complete the remaining fifteen sections are.

What must the label for pentane contain?

The supply label for pentane is generated from the same classification that drives the safety data sheet: pictograms selected by precedence, one signal word derived from the highest hazard class present, and the hazard statements H225, H304, H336… reproduced in full. Where the container is too small to carry the complete set at a legible size, there are lawful ways to handle it and unlawful ones that look identical to a non-specialist.

Where is regulatory status recorded for pentane?

Section 15 records regulatory status for pentane: whether it appears on the candidate list, whether it is subject to authorisation or restriction, and any national provisions. Downstream users ask this question routinely, and a sheet that answers it saves an exchange of emails per customer.

Why a correct sheet stops being correct

Classification under CLP moves with each Adaptation to Technical Progress. A sheet for CAS 109-66-0 written before the amendment that touched its entry keeps stating a classification the register no longer holds. Nothing in the document announces this — it reads exactly as it did on the day it was issued, which is precisely why revision dates are checked before content.

Purity, certificates and what the sheet does not say

For CAS 109-66-0 the distinction between grades — technical, reagent, analytical — lives in the certificate of analysis and in the specification it is measured against, not in the safety data sheet. Confusing the two is the most common documentation error we see in laboratory procurement.

Can I import pentane into the EU?

An import of CAS 109-66-0 succeeds or fails on whether the accompanying sheet matches the register. Among substances listed in CLP Annex VI the recurring failure is a classification carried over from a supplier outside the Union, where the same substance may be classified differently. Index 601-006-00-1 is the binding reference, and it is in regulated consignments that the discrepancy surfaces.

How is pentane classified for road, sea and air transport?

Section 14 for CAS 109-66-0 carries the UN number, proper shipping name, class, packing group and environmental hazard where these apply. Where the substance is not dangerous for carriage, the section says so explicitly rather than being left empty — an empty section 14 reads as an omission, not as an absence of hazard.

What is the CLP classification of pentane?

The harmonised classification for CAS 109-66-0 carries 5 hazard statements: H225, H304, H336, H411, EUH066. In plain terms this means highly flammable liquid and vapour; may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways; may cause drowsiness or dizziness; toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. A harmonised entry is binding across the Union — an importer may not soften it, and a self-classification that diverges from it will not survive an enforcement check.

Protective equipment and exposure controls

Laboratories building a risk assessment for pentane start from section 8. Where an occupational exposure limit exists it must be stated with its source and averaging period; where none exists, the sheet says so rather than leaving the field blank.

Which SDS sections decide whether a shipment clears?

A document for CAS 109-66-0 must follow a specific structure consisting of sixteen sections in the prescribed order, including the required subsections. This format has been established prior to the CLP and continues to be relevant after its implementation. Consequently, adherence to a sixteen-section layout does not necessarily indicate whether the classification information within is up-to-date or current.

What Annex VI notes and concentration limits apply to pentane?

The Annex VI entry for CAS 109-66-0 carries note C. Notes are not commentary: they modify how the classification applies — to concentration ranges, to specific forms of the substance, or to the labelling that follows from it. An entry read without its notes is read incompletely.

What is the UN number for pentane?

For carriage, pentane is assigned UN 1265, transport class 3, packing group II. These entries belong in section 14 of the safety data sheet and must match the shipping papers exactly. A consignment where the sheet and the transport document disagree on the UN number is stopped before anyone reads the remaining fifteen sections.

Questions about documentation for pentane

Do I need a safety data sheet to import pentane into the EU?

Yes. A sheet compiled to Annex II of REACH must exist before the first consignment moves, and it must be held by the entity placing the substance on the Union market.

What is the CAS number of pentane?

CAS 109-66-0. In CLP Annex VI the same substance carries index number 601-006-00-1, and both identifiers should appear in the documentation.

What hazard statements apply to CAS 109-66-0?

The harmonised entry lists H225, H304, H336, H411. These are binding across the Union and may not be softened by a self-classification.

In which language must the sheet be supplied?

In an official language of each Member State where pentane is placed on the market, unless that State has stated otherwise.

MolGod.org issues documentation and does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances. CAS 109-66-0 identifies the subject of this document.

您需要哪个版本？

SDS 工作草稿

€49.99

  • 自动交付 付款后，通过电子邮件发送
  • 完整的 REACH 附件 II 16 节结构
  • 对照 ECHA CLP 附件 VI 的分类
  • 附参考文献的公开来源数据
  • 未解决的缺口会被标注，绝不靠猜测填补
  • 用于内部起草和供应商审查。未签署；供应商特定字段可能需要补充。

最适合

  • 在确定之前查看文件将包含的内容
  • 将供应商发给您的文件与登记册比对
  • 找出您现有数据表中的缺漏
  • 在出口决策前准备内部档案
  • 您经手但尚未销售的物质
文件需提供给公司外部时推荐使用

专家审核版 SDS

€249.99

  • 包含工作草稿的全部内容
  • 由合格人员审核 依照附件 II，逐节进行
  • 根据您的公司、产品等级和已确定用途进行调整
  • 已核对目标市场和语言
  • 按您要求的运输方式审核运输部分
  • 五轮修改 按您的要求执行
  • 收到完整资料后 72 小时内。

最适合

  • 任何从贵公司发出的文件
  • 索取该数据表的客户或分销商
  • 随出口货物附带的文件
  • 可能被检查员或主管机构查阅的数据表
  • 替换已被客户拒收的数据表
如不确定，请从上往下阅读左列，停在第一条符合您情况的描述处。
文件用途 工作草稿
€49.99		 专家审核版
€249.99
内部起草与审查 YesYes
核查供应商发给您的数据表 YesYes
发送给您的客户 并非为此编写Yes
随出口货物一同寄运 并非为此编写Yes
供检查员或主管机关审阅 并非为此编写Yes
根据您的公司、等级和已确定用途进行调整 NoYes
由审核人签名并注明日期 NoYes
何时收到 付款后立即收到完整资料后 72 小时内

您可以将草稿发送给任何人。“并非为此编写”的意思正是如此：它没有签名，也没有针对贵公司调整的字段，因此无法回答收件方即将提出的问题。

签名的含义

文件由谁编制
The document is generated by the MolGod engine from ECHA CLP Annex VI and the cited public sources, then read section by section by a qualified scientific reviewer with a degree in chemistry or a related scientific field.
审核范围
我们依照 REACH 附件 II 的结构逐节审阅该数据表。GHS 分类和运输条目将根据文件中引用的来源进行核对，并根据您提供的公司、产品等级和已识别用途对数据表进行调整。
不予核实的内容
我们不检测您的物料，也无法确认您容器中实际装有什么：成分、浓度、杂质或生产路线。这些信息由您提供，并按您提供的内容如实转载。
签名意味着什么 — 以及不意味着什么
The signature records that a qualified scientific reviewer read the document. It is not a government approval, not an ECHA approval, and not a legal certification — no such certification exists for safety data sheets in the EU. A signature does not by itself make a document legally valid or make your business compliant.
您将收到的内容
一份采用 REACH 附件 II 的 16 部分结构的 PDF，已签名并注明日期，附版本信息以及我们无法确定的所有事项清单。包含五轮修改。
交付
在收到您提供的完整资料后 72 小时内。在我们等待答复期间，计时暂停。
退款
审核开始前可全额退款。如证据不足，您可选择退款、商店抵用金或缺漏报告。详见退款政策。

保证不编造数据。 如果现有证据不足以支撑针对该 CAS 号和您的产品规格的可靠文件，我们不会编造缺失数值。您可以选择退款、商店抵用金或一份有据可查的缺漏报告。

将物质或混合物投放市场的供应商仍有责任确保最终的安全数据表与该物料、其已识别用途及其在供应链中的法律角色相符。

不确定哪一种适合？针对您已有的数据表申请免费筛查。

Related products

📄 分析证书（CoA） CAS 109-66-0 无

数据库中无此产品的证书。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

批次管理与实验室认证标准——13个独立来源（ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG）。

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [链接 ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [链接 ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [链接 ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [链接 ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [链接 ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [链接 ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [链接 ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [链接 ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [链接 ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [链接 ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [链接 ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📜 专利（公开元数据） 无数据

目前未在Crossref/OpenAlex中找到该物质的公开专利元数据。数据将在下次缓存刷新（24小时）后自动更新。

📚 参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开
  1. Galvin JB, Marashi F. (1999). "n-Pentane. CAS# 109-66-0.". Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A. https://doi.org/10.1080/009841099157412
  2. et al.. (1998). "Toxicology of n-pentane (CAS no. 109-66-0).". https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199811/12)18:6<431::aid-jat524>3.0.co;2-l
  3. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
  4. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
  5. European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
  6. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  7. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  8. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  9. Meanwell, Nicholas A. 2011. "Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 54 (8): 2529-2591.
  10. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of Synthetic Accessibility Score of Drug-Like Molecules Based on Molecular Complexity and Fragment Contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  11. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  12. Allison, John R., and Mark A. Lemley. 1998. "Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents." AIPLA Quarterly Journal 26 (3): 185-275.
  13. Patani, George A., and Edmond J. LaVoie. 1996. "Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design." Chemical Reviews 96 (8): 3147-3176.
  14. Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/patents/109-66-0?status=active&limit=10

数据来自PubChem来源： PubChem (NIH) · ChEMBL
📤 将此分子嵌入您的网站

有博客、论坛或科学网站吗？ 将交互式3D分子嵌入到您的网站上——每位读者都能看到它，下方还有指向我们商店的链接，他们可以在那里购买试剂。

🔗 HTML iframe代码 （最简单——随处可用）

复制并粘贴到您网站的HTML编辑器中：

根据您的布局调整 width 和 height。

⚙ WordPress Shortcode （适用于其他使用MOL-GOD的商店）

🌐 直接链接 （用于电子邮件、聊天、LinkedIn、Twitter）

LinkedIn Twitter/X Facebook
QR code CAS 109-66-0

📱 QR code （用于印刷在传单/标签/目录上）

将其放置在产品目录、瓶标或传单上。客户扫描后，即可在手机上看到3D分子，并附有指向您商店的链接。

⬇ 下载PNG

🖼 Open Graph image （用于社交媒体元标签）

分享链接时，Facebook/LinkedIn/Discord会自动获取图像预览：

Preview
📋 许可证： 嵌入内容保留反向链接至 MolGod （必需——商店是数据来源）。 化学数据来源于 PubChem (CC0 — 公共领域). 嵌入内容免费用于教育、商业和业余用途。
📚 参考文献（综合书目，芝加哥作者-日期格式） 78 条目

以上折叠面板中针对CAS号109-66-0引用的所有科学来源。格式： 《芝加哥格式手册》第17版，作者-日期系统.

🗄️ 科学数据库

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 109-66-0. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=109-66-0.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 109-66-0. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 109-66-0. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=109-66-0.
  5. ECHA. n.d. C&L Inventory and REACH Registration: CAS 109-66-0. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

📐 标准/指南

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 书籍

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  3. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  4. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 科学文章（同行评审）

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 网站

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  10. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  11. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  12. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  13. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  14. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  15. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  16. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  17. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  18. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
  19. Heckert, N. A., and J. J. Filliben. 2003. "NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods." NIST Handbook 151. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
  20. Grubbs, Frank E. 1950. "Sample Criteria for Testing Outlying Observations." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (1): 27–58.
  21. Dixon, Wilfrid J. 1950. "Analysis of Extreme Values." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (4): 488–506.
  22. Snedecor, George W., and William G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
  23. Student [William Sealy Gosset]. 1908. "The Probable Error of a Mean." Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25.
  24. International Organization for Standardization. 2005. "ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and Symbols — Part 1: General Statistical Terms and Terms Used in Probability." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/40145.html.
  25. Thompson, Michael, Stephen L. R. Ellison, and Roger Wood. 2002. "Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 835–855.
  26. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2024. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Applicable as from 1 January 2025 (ECE/TRANS/352). Geneva: UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025-edition.
  27. International Air Transport Association. 2026. Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). 67th ed. Montreal: IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/.
  28. International Maritime Organization. 2024. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, 2024 Edition (Amendment 42-24). London: IMO. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx.
  29. United Nations. 2025. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations (Orange Book). 24th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.24. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-model-regulations.
  30. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2025. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284). 2025–2026 ed. Montreal: ICAO. https://www.icao.int/safety/DangerousGoods/Pages/technical-instructions.aspx.
  31. European Commission. 2014. "Commission Decision 2014/955/EU on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC." Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014D0955.
  32. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2020. "Rozporządzenie Ministra Klimatu z dnia 2 stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów." Dziennik Ustaw RP 2020 poz. 10. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20200000010. 国家规定——波兰
  33. Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ). 2024. "Baza Danych O Odpadach (BDO) — System rejestracji firm utylizacyjnych." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. https://bdo.mos.gov.pl/. 国家规定——波兰
  34. Polska — Sejm RP. 2012. "Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. o odpadach." Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21 (z późn. zm.). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20130000021. 国家规定——波兰
  35. Furr, A. Keith, ed.. 2000. "CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety." CRC Press.
  36. Pohanish, Richard P.. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." Elsevier.
  37. Lewis, Richard J.. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." Wiley.
  38. NIOSH. 2024. "Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/.
  39. OSHA. 2024. "Occupational Chemical Database — Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOPER)." Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata.
  40. European Parliament and Council. 2008. "Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive)." Official Journal of the European Union L 312/3. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098.
  41. European Parliament and Council. 2009. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures." Official Journal of the European Union L 353. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1272.
  42. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2023. "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/standards/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025.
  43. IPCS INCHEM. 2024. "International Programme on Chemical Safety — Waste Management Guidelines." WHO/UNEP/ILO. https://www.inchem.org/.
  44. European Parliament and Council. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 on Shipments of Waste." Official Journal of the European Union L 190: 1–98. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006R1013.
  45. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q7%20Guideline.pdf.
  46. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  47. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/trs957-annex3.
  48. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  49. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  50. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q6A%20Guideline.pdf.
  51. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q10%20Guideline.pdf.
  52. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-211.
  53. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-process-validation-finished-products-information-data-be-provided-regulatory-submissions-revision-1_en.pdf.
  54. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  55. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  56. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. https://picscheme.org/en/publications.
  57. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. https://ipecamericas.org/sites/default/files/IPECPQGGMPGuide2017.pdf.
📥 下载BibTeX📥 下载RIS导入到Zotero/Mendeley/EndNote/Papers。
This 3D model is also published on: Zenodo (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23277166) · Wikimedia Commons
Source structure: PubChem (CID 8003)
📜 许可与来源
COMPUTED — PubChem3D · 3D conformer computed by PubChem using OMEGA; not an experimental structure.
Pentane (CAS 109-66-0), C5H12 - 3D ball-and-stick molecular model, engraved element symbols (C H), MolGod STL preview下载图片

MG_398-578-319-49 · engraved · 178,486 △ · 9 MB · SHA-256 2cdeb8a5ba852d59

下载 3D 模型 · ENGRAVED · C H

Pentane (CAS 109-66-0), C5H12 - 3D ball-and-stick molecular model, MolGod STL preview下载图片

MG_398-578-319-49 · normal · 6,976 △ · 341 KB · SHA-256 e7cd1b8f15a87439

下载 3D 模型

模型
Pentane · 109-66-0
InChIKey
OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
许可协议
CC BY-SA 4.0 International
署名
MolGod Scientific — Pentane (CAS 109-66-0)
许可与来源记录
Pentane (CAS 109-66-0) →
MolGod 分子记录
Pentane →
源数据
PubChem CID 8003 ↗
模型信息
由 MolGod 生成的 STL · MolGod STL Exporter build 97d4498f28a7 · 生成于 2026-10-04
SHA-256 (STL)
e7cd1b8f15a874393858bf3221d7c7cf5bf0896efe4f23955ec3858aabe7428e
MD5 (STL)
cd04be214f968534b2a2a23ff094b04f
MolGod Identification Number
MG_398-578-319-49
转换
MolGod Scientific 球棍模型网格
更改
转换为三角化分子网格；原子坐标与连接关系未改变。
Wikimedia Commons
STL · PNG

本许可适用于 MolGod 创建的 STL 网格，不自动适用于第三方源材料。