chlorine-CAS-7782-50-5-—-Safety-Data-Sheet CAS_NUMBER 7782-50-5 (zh_CN)

chlorine (CAS 7782-50-5) — Safety Data Sheet

Safety data sheet documentation for chlorine (CAS 7782-50-5), compiled to REACH Annex II with classification read against the harmonised entry in CLP Annex VI (H270, H331, H335, H315). Two options: a working draft sent by e-mail immediately, or a signed card issued within 72 hours of complete input. The item supplied is a document — MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

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REACH 2020/878
v4 · 07.09.2026
下载安全数据表 (PDF)CAS 7782-50-5 · PDF · 185 KB工作草稿 — 尚未经过审核和批准。

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SKU: SDS-7782-50-5 Category: Tags: , , , , , , , , , , ,

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🧬 3D分子可视化器
正在加载分子...
3D模型Chlorine，CAS 7782-50-5，分子式Cl2, 摩尔质量 70.90 g/mol

数据转录自法规登记册和专业文献，并注明来源与版本。不能替代供应商的安全数据表。未记录来源的字段已作相应标注。

📊 物理化学数据 — CAS 7782-50-5
📊 物理化学性质

快速参考

化学式： Cl2
分子量： 70.9 g/mol
CAS号： 7782-50-5
外观： 黄绿色气体
气味： 令人窒息的气味
🔬 高级属性

化学标识符

SMILES: ClCl

最后更新： 2026-08-25

化学概述: Chlorine
分子式Cl2[1]
分子量70.9 g/mol[1]
熔点-101.11 °C
沸点-34 °C[2]
LogP（亲脂性）1.6[1]
SMILESClCl[1]
InChIKeyKZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

同义词: CHLORINE · Molecular chlorine · 7782-50-5 · dichlorine · Bertholite

数据来源： PubChem (NLM/NIH)
最后更新： 2026-08-25

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (2 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: 分子式 · 分子量 · LogP（亲脂性） · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. NIST. Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗ applies to: 沸点

科学研究

[1]Europe PMC2026
Which halogen to choose? Comparing the effects of chlorine and fluorine as bioisosteric substituents in drug design.
(2026). "Which halogen to choose? Comparing the effects of chlorine and fluorine as bioisosteric substituents in drug design.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sc07348k
查看完整研究 ↗
[2]Europe PMC2026
Multisite atomic-chlorine-passivation stabilizes perovskite interfaces for efficient H2O2 photosynthesis from seawater.
et al.. (2026). "Multisite atomic-chlorine-passivation stabilizes perovskite interfaces for efficient H2O2 photosynthesis from seawater.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70503-2
查看完整研究 ↗
[3]Europe PMC2026
Chlorine radical-mediated electrochemical propylene epoxidation from seawater.
et al.. (2026). "Chlorine radical-mediated electrochemical propylene epoxidation from seawater.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70733-4
查看完整研究 ↗
[4]Europe PMC2026
Planar hexacoordinate chlorine.
et al.. (2026). "Planar hexacoordinate chlorine.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sc09167e
查看完整研究 ↗
[5]Europe PMC2026
A Dual GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analytical Strategy for Evaluating Free Chlorine Toxicity in Aqueous Samples.
et al.. (2026). "A Dual GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analytical Strategy for Evaluating Free Chlorine Toxicity in Aqueous Samples.". https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70151
查看完整研究 ↗
[6]Europe PMC2026
Novel Smartphone Paper Sensor for One Health: Monitoring Free Chlorine in Water and Exhaled Breath Condensate.
et al.. (2026). "Novel Smartphone Paper Sensor for One Health: Monitoring Free Chlorine in Water and Exhaled Breath Condensate.". https://doi.org/10.3390/s26103066
查看完整研究 ↗
[7]Europe PMC2026
A chlorine releasing solution as an alternative for dental biofilm control.
et al.. (2026). "A chlorine releasing solution as an alternative for dental biofilm control.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-49642-5
查看完整研究 ↗
[8]Europe PMC2026
Advanced Chlorine Photolysis for Carbamazepine Degradation: Tuning Radicals for Dissolved Organics.
et al.. (2026). "Advanced Chlorine Photolysis for Carbamazepine Degradation: Tuning Radicals for Dissolved Organics.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c01498
查看完整研究 ↗
📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） 20 refs · 4 baz

MOLECULE 按CAS号参考文献（实时来自13+数据库）

来源： db:Europe PMC (16) · db:doaj (2) · db:arxiv (1) · db:openalex (1)

  1. db:Europe PMC (2026). "Which halogen to choose? Comparing the effects of chlorine and fluorine as bioisosteric substituents in drug design.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sc07348k →
  2. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Multisite atomic-chlorine-passivation stabilizes perovskite interfaces for efficient H2O2 photosynthesis from seawater.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70503-2 →
  3. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Chlorine radical-mediated electrochemical propylene epoxidation from seawater.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70733-4 →
  4. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Planar hexacoordinate chlorine.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sc09167e →
  5. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "A Dual GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analytical Strategy for Evaluating Free Chlorine Toxicity in Aqueous Samples.". https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70151 →
  6. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Novel Smartphone Paper Sensor for One Health: Monitoring Free Chlorine in Water and Exhaled Breath Condensate.". https://doi.org/10.3390/s26103066 →
  7. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "A chlorine releasing solution as an alternative for dental biofilm control.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-49642-5 →
  8. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Advanced Chlorine Photolysis for Carbamazepine Degradation: Tuning Radicals for Dissolved Organics.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c01498 →
  9. db:Europe PMC (2026). "Surface morphology modulation in chlorine-doped diisopropylammonium bromide film via Cl-induced domain refinement.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.116245 →
  10. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Compressed Co-O Bonds Resist Chlorine Corrosion to Enhance the Stability of Chlorine-Involved Anodic Reactions.". https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202519520 →
  11. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Effects of Foliar Application of Iron Chlorine e6 on the Starch Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Waxy Maize.". https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71978 →
  12. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Controlled release of chlorine dioxide from α-cyclodextrin complexes embedded in poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) films for sustainable food packaging.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2026.103982 →
  13. db:doaj Kuanchang He, Wei Li, Jinxing Ma et al.. (2026). "Strain-induced faceting of Ti4O7 for active chlorine electrosynthesis". Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75687-1 →
  14. db:doaj Isni Arliyani, Hilmi Iqlima Khoirunnisa, Heri Septya Kusuma et al.. (2026). "Impact of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane integrity: degradation behavior, surface property changes, and implications for biofouling control". RSC Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra09010e →
  15. db:arxiv Danial Shafizadeh, Misagh Ghezellou, Viktor M. Bobal et al.. (2026). "Spin-active chlorine-related centers in 4H-SiC with telecom-band emissions". arXiv (2602.08854v1).
  16. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Electrosynthesis of Chlorine Oxidant From Direct Seawater Electrolysis via High-Entropy Intermetallic.". https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70864 →
  17. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "Sustainable chlorine cycle enabled by single atom catalysis.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65505-5 →
  18. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "Colorimetric detection of chloroperoxyl radical in reactive chlorine species solutions.". https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334046 →
  19. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "The Engineered Synthesis and Enhancement of Nitrogen and Chlorine Co-Doped Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Sensitive Detection of Quercetin.". https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112669 →
  20. db:openalex Ambalathumpara Raman Soman, G. Sundararaj. (2015). "Accidental Release of Chlorine from a Storage Facility and an On‐Site Emergency Mock Drill: A Case Study". The Scientific World JOURNAL. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/483216 →
物质监管状态
该物质受监管要求约束： 危险废物管理（BDO——波兰国家规定）; 危险货物运输（ADR/RID/IMDG）. 详细信息请参见“法规状态（REACH/ECHA/CLP）”章节及安全数据表。 监管信息——不限制在本店购买。
🧮 化学计量计算器
🧪 化学数据
CAS号
7782-50-5
分子式
Cl2
摩尔质量
70.90 g/mol
IUPAC名称 (EN)
molecular chlorine
SMILES
ClCl
InChIKey
KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📚 Related literature (20 篇文章)

Matched automatically from public bibliographic databases by text similarity. Not curated for this substance, and not part of the safety data sheet.

筛选：
排序：
📈 出版时间线
2015
2025
2026
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Temp. wrzenia
-33.7
Density
1.56

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-08-25

🔍 外部标识符
10 / 16个ID系统63%
数据库标识符操作
CAS Registry Number7782-50-5打开 →
PubChem CID24526[1]打开 →
InChIKeyKZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]打开 →
InChIInChI=1S/Cl2/c1-2[1]
SMILESClCl[1]
EC Number231-959-5[2]打开 →
DrugBankDB11109打开 →
HMDBHMDB0303583打开 →
UNII (FDA)4R7X1O2820打开 →
WikiData QIDQ1904422打开 →

来源：PubChem (NIH)、Wikidata SPARQL、KEGG、ChEMBL (EBI)、CompTox CTX (EPA)。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (2 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ applies to: EC Number

Further reading

Publications thematically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value shown on this card.

扩展参考文献 (3)

  1. ★★★★★ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 付费墙（可能） ✓ 已验证 Krawczyk-Łebek A; Żarowska B; Janeczko T et al.. 2024. "Antimicrobial Activity of Chalcones with a Chlorine Atom and Their Glycosides." International journal of molecular sciences. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11]
  2. ★★★★½ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 付费墙（可能） ✓ 已验证 Zhang Y; Qian Y; Wen Y et al.. 2024. "In Situ Preparation of Chlorine-Regenerable Antimicrobial Polymer Molecular Sieve Membranes." Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 链接 [访问日期: 2026-10-11]
  3. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. 2004. "Chlorine 7782‐50‐5." Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471701343.sdp05341. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-08-25]
⚛ 原子可视化 — 氯
Cl
氯
Chlorine
Z = 17 | 卤素
原子质量
35.45 u
熔点
-101.5 °C
沸点
-34.04 °C
密度
0.0032 g/cm³
电负性
3.16
族 / 周期
17 / 3
17 质子数
18 中子
K: 2e⁻ L: 8e⁻ M: 7e⁻
[Ne] 3s² 3p⁵
📡 光谱学 — CAS 7782-50-5
📊 光谱数据库 — 内联数据 8 来源

光谱按需从9个来源获取。每个光谱都存储在我们的数据库中 — 下次打开时无需向外部API发出请求。无需搜索即可为每个光谱下载JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG。

IR IR (Infrared) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ 点击加载光谱
🔗 来源
— 点
📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
MS (NIST) Mass Spectrum (EI) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ 点击加载光谱
🔗 来源
— 点
📚 NIST Standard Reference Database 1A
UV-Vis UV/Visible Absorption — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ 点击加载光谱
🔗 来源
— 点
📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
MS (MoNA) MoNA — MassBank of North America
CC-BY 4.0
▶ 点击加载光谱
🔗 来源
— 点
📚 MassBank of North America (UC Davis) DOI: 10.1002/jms.1777
IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) SDBS — Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (Japan AIST)
Free for non-commercial

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) →
📚 SDBSWeb: https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp (AIST, Japan)
JP Monograph Japanese Pharmacopoeia — Monographs
Reference only

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 JP Monograph →
📚 Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th Edition (2021)
WHO INN WHO — International Nonproprietary Names
WHO Model Lists (free)

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 WHO INN →
📚 WHO INN Programme
DOAJ DOAJ — Directory of Open Access Journals
OA journal index (mixed)

参考来源 — 无公共API。在外部数据库中打开：

🔗 DOAJ →
📚 DOAJ — doaj.org

数据仅获取一次（JCAMP-DX 解析器），并保存在插件的本地数据库中。不重复下载，再次打开时不查询 NIST。遵守许可（仅发布深层链接和自有可视化）。

🔬 交互式光谱（实时 — NIST / MoNA / NMRShiftDB / SDBS） (2)

数据从多个来源实时获取（优先级链）。每个光谱下可下载JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG。

IR — 傅里叶变换红外光谱

正在加载 IR — 傅里叶变换红外光谱…

MS — 质谱（EI 70eV）

正在加载 MS — 质谱（EI 70eV）…

结构性质

正在加载结构数据...

❓ 常见问题 (10)
What is Chlorine?
Chlorine (CAS 7782-50-5) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Cl2 and a molecular weight of 70.90 g/mol. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
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What is the CAS number of Chlorine?
The CAS number for Chlorine is 7782-50-5. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
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What is the chemical formula of Chlorine?
The molecular formula of Chlorine is Cl2. Its molecular weight is 70.90 g/mol.
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What is the melting point of Chlorine?
The melting point of Chlorine is -101.5.
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What is the boiling point of Chlorine?
The boiling point of Chlorine is -33.8112.
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What is the density of Chlorine?
The density of Chlorine is 1.4899.
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What are the physicochemical properties of Chlorine?
Physicochemical properties of Chlorine are available in the chemical data section on the product page.
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Is Chlorine hazardous?
Chlorine is classified as hazardous (signal word: Danger); its pictograms and hazard statements are set out in section 2 of its safety data sheet. Read the safety data sheet before use and follow the handling precautions it states.
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How should Chlorine be stored?
Chlorine should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
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Is Chlorine safe to use?
Safety of Chlorine depends on concentration and exposure route. Review the GHS classification in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
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➕ 建议问题
下载结构文件

来自PubChem数据库（NIH）的分子结构文件。兼容Avogadro、PyMOL、Jmol和ChemDraw等程序。

来源：PubChem，美国国家医学图书馆（NIH）。 CID: 24526

🔄 浓度单位转换器 实时

输入Chlorine浓度（任意单位），其余将自动计算。

分子量： 70.90 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ 转换公式及引用（每个公式）
转换分子式准确度来源
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 参考文献（8个权威来源）
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
相似分子结构

正在加载相似结构...

🧪 溶液制备向导 WIZARD
① 选择浓度
② 目标体积
③ 溶剂

计算依据： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

计算化学

正在加载计算数据...

🛡️ 安全 — CAS 7782-50-5
数据限制说明。 本页安全信息仅供参考，不能替代完整的安全数据表（SDS）。使用产品前，请查阅制造商当前的安全数据表以及GHS/CLP指南。CLP分类适用于纯散装物质，不适用于商业制剂。

GHS/CLP分类——(EC) No 1272/2008法规 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021)。

⚠️ 危险 (Danger)
GHS03 — 氧化性
GHS03 氧化性
GHS06 — 毒性
GHS06 毒性
GHS07 — 刺激性/有害
GHS07 刺激性/有害
GHS09 — 环境危害
GHS09 环境危害

🚨 危险说明（H）

  • H270 — 可能导致或加剧燃烧；氧化剂
  • H331 — 吸入可中毒
  • H335 — 可引起呼吸道刺激
  • H315 — 造成皮肤刺激
  • H319 — 造成严重眼刺激
  • H400 — 对水生生物毒性极大

🛡 防范说明（P）

  • P220 — 远离服装和其他可燃材料。

✓ 根据CLP法规(EC) 1272/2008附件VI的统一分类（官方、具有约束力的分类）。 索引号：017-001-00-7。

参考文献（芝加哥格式）： European Chemicals Agency. "chlorine, Index No. 017-001-00-7." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

翻译：CLP 法规 (EC) 1272/2008，附件 III 和 IV。数据：PubChem/NLM。

📚 综合科学参考文献 — Chicago Author-Date 10 来源

从所有Safety Hub选项卡收集的参考文献。CAS号： 7782-50-5 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS，法规
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. 急救、毒理学
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] 急救、个人防护装备、毒理学
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] 个人防护装备
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] 处置、法规
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] 储存
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] 储存
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. 国家规定——波兰 [↗] 废物处置
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] 毒理学

具有自身参考文献的选项卡（紧急情况、个人防护装备、储存、废物）在其各自章节中包含额外的书目条目。

📈 分析统计（t检验·RSD·Grubbs·Q-Dixon） ICH Q2

粘贴一系列重复测量结果（CSV或每行一个数字）。计算器将计算平均值、标准差和95%置信区间，并检测异常值（Grubbs + Dixon Q）。

分隔符：逗号、空格、制表符、换行。至少3个测量值。
📐 统计公式
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — 算术平均值
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — 样本方差
  • s = √s² — 标准差
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — 相对标准差
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs检验
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

来源：ICH Q2(R2) 分析方法验证 · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 缓冲液配方计算器 唯一
参考文献： pKa值来自 Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

从 20 种常用缓冲体系列表中选择 → 输入目标 pH → 获得精确配方，包括称量质量。

步骤 1：选择缓冲体系

📜 配方历史记录（最近 10 条）
🚚 运输分类（ADR / IATA / IMDG） UN 1017
UN编号
UN 1017
Chlorine
Toxic gas Oxidizer Corrosive
来源: ADR 2025 Tabela A (adr_dangerous_goods.json)

🛣️ ADR 公路运输

类别:
2.3
次要危险性:
5.1+8
包装组:
-
运输名称:
Chlorine
隧道代码:
(C/D)
Limited Quantity (L):
0

✈️ IATA 航空运输

类别:
2.3
禁止:
是

🚢 IMDG 海运

类别:
2.3
EmS Code:
F-C, S-U

来源： ADR 2025 ↗ · IATA DGR ↗ · IMDG Code ↗

📅 项目规划器——实验室实验管理器 新品

规划您的整个实验室项目：添加实验（含试剂、重复次数和持续时间）。您将获得甘特图、购物清单（含商店链接！）、预算（含10%余量）和GHS风险矩阵。

🧪 溶解性和溶剂兼容性
分子
Chlorine
分子式
Cl2
logP (XLogP3)
1.60
摩尔质量（g/mol）
70.90
极性
中等

⚠️ GC估算（Hoftyzer-Van Krevelen）。该CAS无文献HSP数据——精度±2 MPa½。请实验验证。

Ra < R₀ = 混溶性良好 · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = 临界 · 以上 = 较差（R₀ — 该分子 Hansen 溶解度球的半径） 该分子的 R₀ = 8.。

溶剂 兼容性 Ra 可视化 GC-MS HPLC 应用 参考文献
Water (H₂O)7 g/L（实测）—
✗ NoA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)——无依据✗ NoA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)——无依据✗ NoA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetone——无依据✗ NoB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)——无依据✗ NoB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSO——无依据✗ NoN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THF——无依据✗ NoB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)——无依据✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)——无依据✓ YesN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexane——无依据✓ YesA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene——无依据✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 溶剂科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

11 种溶剂 · 54 条完整引用（NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS）— 见下文。

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — 周围神经病变（正己烷并非 IARC 致癌物）
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
溶解性理论（应用于相容性预测）：
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP三元组（dD, dP, dH）+ Ra公式。
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solvatochromism.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution for dD/dP/dH from SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — 250+溶剂的完整表格数据集（ε、μ、供体数、受体数）。
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 7782-50-5 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

完整参考文献位于页面底部的参考文献折叠面板——芝加哥格式手册第17版作者-日期格式。

⚗️ 检查反应兼容性
3 0 0 OX
健康： 3/4
易燃性： 0/4
反应性： 0/4
特殊： OX
根据NFPA 704 / 由H代码计算

检查Chlorine是否与另一种试剂兼容

📦 储存兼容性矩阵
酸类 碱 氧化剂 易燃 毒性 Gazy
酸类 ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
碱 ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
氧化剂 ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
易燃 ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
毒性 ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ 可一起储存 · ⚠ 谨慎 · ✗ 禁止一起储存 · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

兼容性数据来源： Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 实验室计算器（8个）
稀释（C₁V₁=C₂V₂）
摩尔浓度（M=n/V）
pH缓冲液（Henderson-Hasselbalch）
Beer-Lambert（A=εcl）
质量→摩尔
浓度%→M
ppm→mg/L
温度 C↔F↔K

已验证的配方： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 光谱数据库
📋 实验室方案生成器

方案基于以下内容生成： GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ 标签生成器（QR码）
Chlorine• Molecular chlorine / dichlorine• IUPAC: molecular chlorine• CAS: 7782-50-5• EC: 231-959-5• 分子式: Cl2• 摩尔质量: 70.9 g/mol危险GHS危险说明：H270 H331 H335 H315 H319 H400P220: 远离服装和其他可燃材料。仅供实验室使用！Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX London[email protected]molgod.org批号: 净含量:
⏳ 稳定性与保质期顾问 Arrhenius
方法： Arrhenius equation k = A·exp(-Ea/RT). 引用： Connors KA et al. 1986 · ICH Q1A(R2)

输入储存条件 → Arrhenius算法将预测剩余浓度、半衰期和使用建议。

❄️ 储存建议
Temperature:
5-15°C
Container:
Steel cylinder (dry only)
Incompatible:
H₂, NH₃, hydrocarbons, water→HCl corrosion
🧪 溶液配制助手（Smart Prep）

输入您要制备的内容——我将生成SOP

示例如下——点击插入：
预设配方：
📚 科学文献概览 — CAS 7782-50-5
⭐ 关键发现（科学文献） 20 出版物
🏆 CAS 7782-50-5 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30%引用·20%近期性·20%主题·15%历史·15%开放获取.
  1. #1
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    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 8.75 机制 引用： 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
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    SCORE 8.65 分析 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  3. #3
    Connor J. E. Summerfield; Graham Pattison (2026) · Chemical Science
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    SCORE 8.58 机制 引用： 5 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
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    SCORE 8.48 机制 引用： 2 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
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    重要性： 近期（2025） · open access
    SCORE 8.48 机制 引用： 2 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  6. #6
    et al. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 7.85 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  7. #7
    Kuanchang He, Wei Li, Jinxing Ma et al. (2026) · Nature Communications
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 7.85 机制 Open Access DOI ↗
  8. #8
    et al. (2026) · Chemical Science
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 7.15 机制 引用： 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  9. #9
    et al. (2026) · Sensors
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 7.05 药理学 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  10. #10
    et al. (2025) · PLOS One
    重要性： 近期（2025） · open access
    SCORE 7.05 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  11. #11
    et al. (2025) · Materials
    重要性： 近期（2025） · open access
    SCORE 7.05 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  12. #12
    Isni Arliyani, Hilmi Iqlima Khoirunnisa, Heri Septya Kusuma et al. (2026) · RSC Advances
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 7.05 药理学 Open Access DOI ↗
  13. #13
    Ambalathumpara Raman Soman, G. Sundararaj (2015) · The Scientific World JOURNAL
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 6.75 机制 引用： 9 Open Access DOI ↗
  14. #14
    et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  15. #15
    Jinghan Gao; Xuanyu Liu (2026) · iScience
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 药理学 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  16. #16
    et al. (2026) · Food Science & Nutrition
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  17. #17
    et al. (2026) · Food Chemistry: X
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 机制 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  18. #18
    Danial Shafizadeh, Misagh Ghezellou, Viktor M. Bobal et al. (2026) · arXiv (2602.08854v1)
    重要性： 近期（2026） · open access
    SCORE 6.25 机制 Open Access
  19. #19
    Saghir SA; Schultz IR (2002) · Environmental health perspectives
    重要性： 必引文献（经典）
    SCORE 6.03 药理学 MUST-CITE 引用： 29 DOI ↗
  20. #20
    et al. (2026) · Chemistry – An Asian Journal
    重要性： 近期（2026）
    SCORE 4.8 机制 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗

为什么本页可以核查

标识

CAS、EC 和分子式，已在买方使用的各标识符系统中完成解析。页面显示已解析的系统数量，让您看到该物质的表征程度，而不是凭假设。

数据

每个理化数值都标明其来源及该来源的查阅日期。任何一条都可以打开查看。

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文件

有哪些文件、经过何种级别的审核、提供哪些语言，以及每份文件的出具时间。

供应商

谁在销售，以及其公开发布的自身信息。

本页内容均不构成认证。它是一份可供您审核的记录。

Two guarantees, both with their limits stated

The Gap Report Guarantee

If the available evidence cannot support a defensible document for your CAS number and product specification, we will not invent the missing values. You receive a documented gap report and choose: a refund, store credit, or the report on its own.

A visible gap is worth more than a plausible number, because the plausible number is the one that fails when somebody checks it.

The Re-issue Promise

If a signed card is rejected by an authority or by a customer’s compliance officer on one of the points we checked and reported as passed, we re-issue it corrected at no charge and credit the original fee.

This covers the checks we performed and named. It does not cover registration status, tonnage, or your role in the supply chain — those are not ours to hold, and a guarantee that pretended otherwise would be worth nothing.

Documentation for chlorine, CAS 7782-50-5, prepared to the structure European enforcement expects. What is sold here is paperwork; the substance itself is not offered.

chlorine (CAS 7782-50-5) at a glance

  • Substance – chlorine
  • CAS number – 7782-50-5
  • EC number – 231-959-5
  • CLP Annex VI index number – 017-001-00-7
  • Hazard statements – H270; H331 (toxic if inhaled); H335 (may cause respiratory irritation); H315 (causes skin irritation); H319 (causes serious eye irritation); H400 (very toxic to aquatic life)
  • Hazard classes – Ox. Gas 1, Press. Gas, Acute Tox. 3 *, STOT SE 3, Skin Irrit. 2, Eye Irrit. 2
  • Label pictograms – GHS03, GHS04, GHS06, GHS09
  • Signal word – Danger
  • Annex VI notes – U
  • Concentration limits / M-factor / ATE – M = 100
  • Entry current as of – ATP01corr
  • CMR classification – not classified as CMR in the harmonised entry
  • Documentation issued – safety data sheet in REACH Annex II structure; working draft or signed card
  • What is supplied – a document. MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

Which GHS pictograms apply to chlorine?

The label for chlorine carries GHS03 (flame over circle), GHS04 (gas cylinder), GHS06 (skull and crossbones), GHS09 (environment), with the signal word Danger. These are not chosen by the supplier: CLP Annex VI states them for CAS 7782-50-5, and the precedence rules in Annex I decide which pictogram is dropped when two would say the same thing. A label showing a different set from the register is wrong even if every hazard statement on it is correct.

What is the UN number for chlorine?

For carriage, chlorine is assigned UN 1017, transport class 2.3, with subsidiary risk 5.1+8. These entries belong in section 14 of the safety data sheet and must match the shipping papers exactly. A consignment where the sheet and the transport document disagree on the UN number is stopped before anyone reads the remaining fifteen sections.

Where is regulatory status recorded for chlorine?

The regulatory status of chlorine evolves separately from its hazard classification. A substance may maintain consistent hazard characteristics over extended periods while gaining additional obligations under Section 15, leading to this section becoming outdated more rapidly than Section 2.

What do customs check when importing chlorine?

When a consignment of chlorine is stopped at the border, the document examined first is rarely the invoice. It is section 14 of the safety data sheet and its agreement with the transport papers. A missing packing group, an absent UN number or a proper shipping name that contradicts the classification of CAS 7782-50-5 will hold the pallet regardless of how complete the remaining fifteen sections are.

What is the CLP classification of chlorine?

The harmonised classification for CAS 7782-50-5 carries 6 hazard statements: H270, H331, H335, H315, H319, H400. In plain terms this means H270; toxic if inhaled; may cause respiratory irritation; causes skin irritation. A harmonised entry is binding across the Union — an importer may not soften it, and a self-classification that diverges from it will not survive an enforcement check.

Can I import chlorine into the EU?

An import of CAS 7782-50-5 succeeds or fails on whether the accompanying sheet matches the register. Among substances listed in CLP Annex VI the recurring failure is a classification carried over from a supplier outside the Union, where the same substance may be classified differently. Index 017-001-00-7 is the binding reference, and it is in regulated consignments that the discrepancy surfaces.

What Annex VI notes and concentration limits apply to chlorine?

The Annex VI entry for CAS 7782-50-5 carries note U. Notes are not commentary: they modify how the classification applies — to concentration ranges, to specific forms of the substance, or to the labelling that follows from it. An entry read without its notes is read incompletely. The register also records M = 100 for this entry. Specific concentration limits, M-factors and acute toxicity estimates override the generic cut-off values, so a mixture calculation that ignores them will classify the mixture wrongly in both directions.

How is chlorine classified for road, sea and air transport?

The transport classification for chlorine falls under section 14 and varies depending on the mode of transport: ADR for road, IMDG for sea, and IATA for air. A document that prints all three classifications without specifying which one applies places the responsibility on the shipper to select the correct one, and it is the shipper who faces penalties for making an incorrect choice.

Documentation demand on the EU market

CAS 7782-50-5 has a recorded presence on the European trading market, which means documentation for it is requested routinely rather than exceptionally. Substances that move in commerce attract repeat scrutiny: the same sheet is read by successive customers, carriers and authorities, and a defect that survives the first reading rarely survives the tenth.

What must the label for chlorine contain?

The supply label for chlorine is generated from the same classification that drives the safety data sheet: pictograms selected by precedence, one signal word derived from the highest hazard class present, and the hazard statements H270, H331, H335… reproduced in full. Where the container is too small to carry the complete set at a legible size, there are lawful ways to handle it and unlawful ones that look identical to a non-specialist.

What concentration limits apply to chlorine?

M-factor on record: 100. The M-factor multiplies the contribution of this substance in the aquatic hazard calculation for a mixture, which is where it is most often overlooked.

What is the EC number for chlorine?

Alongside CAS 7782-50-5, this substance carries EC number 231-959-5 and Annex VI index 017-001-00-7. European documentation is built around the EC number as often as around the CAS: registration dossiers, the candidate list and customs systems key on it. A safety data sheet quoting only one of the two forces every downstream reader to look up the other.

Identifiers that must agree

CAS 7782-50-5 and index number 017-001-00-7 are not interchangeable and not decorative. The index number ties the entry to the harmonised classification; the CAS number ties it to the chemical literature. A file carrying one without the other forces every reader to reconstruct the link, and reconstruction is where errors enter.

Which SDS sections decide whether a shipment clears?

The sixteen sections outlined in Annex II are not merely a formatting requirement; each section has a specific purpose, and inspectors review them by number. For the CAS registry number 7782-50-5, the sections typically determining acceptance are 2 (classification against the harmonised entry), 3 (composition and identifiers), 14 (transport) and 15 (regulatory status). It is imperative not to merge, renumber or omit any sections, as placeholders must remain unchanged.

Purity, certificates and what the sheet does not say

Purity grade is a certificate question, not a safety data sheet question. The sheet for chlorine describes the substance; a certificate of analysis describes one batch of it, with the measured result against the specification and the analytical method named per parameter. Laboratories asking for ‘the COA’ usually need both documents.

Questions about documentation for chlorine

What is the CAS number of chlorine?

CAS 7782-50-5. In CLP Annex VI the same substance carries index number 017-001-00-7, and both identifiers should appear in the documentation.

What hazard statements apply to CAS 7782-50-5?

The harmonised entry lists H270, H331, H335, H315. These are binding across the Union and may not be softened by a self-classification.

In which language must the sheet be supplied?

In an official language of each Member State where chlorine is placed on the market, unless that State has stated otherwise.

Can I check whether my existing sheet is still valid?

Yes. A section-by-section reading against Annex II and the current harmonised entry establishes that in one pass, and a sheet that passes is reported as passing.

MolGod.org issues documentation and does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances. CAS 7782-50-5 identifies the subject of this document.

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文件用途 工作草稿
€49.99		 专家审核版
€249.99
内部起草与审查 YesYes
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由审核人签名并注明日期 NoYes
何时收到 付款后立即收到完整资料后 72 小时内

您可以将草稿发送给任何人。“并非为此编写”的意思正是如此：它没有签名，也没有针对贵公司调整的字段，因此无法回答收件方即将提出的问题。

签名的含义

文件由谁编制
The document is generated by the MolGod engine from ECHA CLP Annex VI and the cited public sources, then read section by section by a qualified scientific reviewer with a degree in chemistry or a related scientific field.
审核范围
我们依照 REACH 附件 II 的结构逐节审阅该数据表。GHS 分类和运输条目将根据文件中引用的来源进行核对，并根据您提供的公司、产品等级和已识别用途对数据表进行调整。
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我们不检测您的物料，也无法确认您容器中实际装有什么：成分、浓度、杂质或生产路线。这些信息由您提供，并按您提供的内容如实转载。
签名意味着什么 — 以及不意味着什么
The signature records that a qualified scientific reviewer read the document. It is not a government approval, not an ECHA approval, and not a legal certification — no such certification exists for safety data sheets in the EU. A signature does not by itself make a document legally valid or make your business compliant.
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Related products

📄 分析证书（CoA） CAS 7782-50-5 无

数据库中无此产品的证书。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

批次管理与实验室认证标准——13个独立来源（ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG）。

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [链接 ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [链接 ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [链接 ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [链接 ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [链接 ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [链接 ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [链接 ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [链接 ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [链接 ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [链接 ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [链接 ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📜 专利（公开元数据） 无数据

目前未在Crossref/OpenAlex中找到该物质的公开专利元数据。数据将在下次缓存刷新（24小时）后自动更新。

📚 参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开
  1. (2026). "Which halogen to choose? Comparing the effects of chlorine and fluorine as bioisosteric substituents in drug design.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sc07348k
  2. et al.. (2026). "Multisite atomic-chlorine-passivation stabilizes perovskite interfaces for efficient H2O2 photosynthesis from seawater.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70503-2
  3. et al.. (2026). "Chlorine radical-mediated electrochemical propylene epoxidation from seawater.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70733-4
  4. et al.. (2026). "Planar hexacoordinate chlorine.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sc09167e
  5. et al.. (2026). "A Dual GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analytical Strategy for Evaluating Free Chlorine Toxicity in Aqueous Samples.". https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70151
  6. et al.. (2026). "Novel Smartphone Paper Sensor for One Health: Monitoring Free Chlorine in Water and Exhaled Breath Condensate.". https://doi.org/10.3390/s26103066
  7. et al.. (2026). "A chlorine releasing solution as an alternative for dental biofilm control.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-49642-5
  8. et al.. (2026). "Advanced Chlorine Photolysis for Carbamazepine Degradation: Tuning Radicals for Dissolved Organics.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c01498
  9. (2026). "Surface morphology modulation in chlorine-doped diisopropylammonium bromide film via Cl-induced domain refinement.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.116245
  10. et al.. (2026). "Compressed Co-O Bonds Resist Chlorine Corrosion to Enhance the Stability of Chlorine-Involved Anodic Reactions.". https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202519520
  11. et al.. (2026). "Effects of Foliar Application of Iron Chlorine e6 on the Starch Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Waxy Maize.". https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71978
  12. et al.. (2026). "Controlled release of chlorine dioxide from α-cyclodextrin complexes embedded in poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) films for sustainable food packaging.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2026.103982
  13. Kuanchang He, Wei Li, Jinxing Ma et al.. (2026). "Strain-induced faceting of Ti4O7 for active chlorine electrosynthesis". Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75687-1
  14. Isni Arliyani, Hilmi Iqlima Khoirunnisa, Heri Septya Kusuma et al.. (2026). "Impact of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane integrity: degradation behavior, surface property changes, and implications for biofouling control". RSC Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra09010e
  15. et al.. (2026). "Electrosynthesis of Chlorine Oxidant From Direct Seawater Electrolysis via High-Entropy Intermetallic.". https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70864
  16. et al.. (2025). "Sustainable chlorine cycle enabled by single atom catalysis.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65505-5
  17. et al.. (2025). "Colorimetric detection of chloroperoxyl radical in reactive chlorine species solutions.". https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334046
  18. et al.. (2025). "The Engineered Synthesis and Enhancement of Nitrogen and Chlorine Co-Doped Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Sensitive Detection of Quercetin.". https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112669
  19. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
  20. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
  21. European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
  22. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  23. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  24. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  25. Meanwell, Nicholas A. 2011. "Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 54 (8): 2529-2591.
  26. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of Synthetic Accessibility Score of Drug-Like Molecules Based on Molecular Complexity and Fragment Contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  27. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  28. Allison, John R., and Mark A. Lemley. 1998. "Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents." AIPLA Quarterly Journal 26 (3): 185-275.
  29. Patani, George A., and Edmond J. LaVoie. 1996. "Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design." Chemical Reviews 96 (8): 3147-3176.
  30. Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/patents/7782-50-5?status=active&limit=10

📊 X射线衍射（PXRD） 低质量 30%

7782-50-5的晶体学数据已与COD验证（0个衍射峰）。以下2θ值可在实验室中通过PXRD鉴定多晶型。

晶系 空间群 晶胞参数（Å） 密度（g/cm³）
tetragonal P 42/n c m :1 a=8.560 b=8.560 c=6.120 α=90.00° β=90.00° γ=90.00° —
科学参考文献 (芝加哥作者-日期格式)
  1. International Centre for Diffraction Data. 2024. PDF-4+ 2024. Newtown Square, PA: ICDD. 🔓
  2. Allen, Frank H. 2002. "The Cambridge Structural Database: a quarter of a million crystal structures and rising." Acta Crystallographica B 58 (3): 380–388. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768102003890
  3. Grazulis, Saulius, Adriana Merkys, Antanas Vaitkus, and Daniel Chateigner. 2012. "Computing stoichiometric molecular composition from crystal structures." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45 (6): 1241–1248. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889812042185 开放获取
  4. Cullity, B. D., and Stuart R. Stock. 2001. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  5. Jenkins, Ron, and Robert L. Snyder. 1996. Introduction to X-Ray Powder Diffractometry. New York: Wiley-Interscience. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118520949
  6. Giacovazzo, Carmelo, Hugo L. Monaco, Giuseppe Artioli, Davide Viterbo, Marco Milanesio, Gastone Gilli, Paola Gilli, Giuseppe Zanotti, Giampiero Ferraris, and Mario Catti. 2011. Fundamentals of Crystallography. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  7. Dinnebier, Robert E., and Simon J. L. Billinge, eds. 2008. Powder Diffraction: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847558237
  8. United States Pharmacopeia. 2024. "Chapter <941> Characterization of Crystalline and Partially Crystalline Solids by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)." USP-NF. Rockville, MD: USP. 🔓
常见问题解答——关于PXRD
How does SCXRD differ from PXRD?
SCXRD (Single Crystal XRD) uses a single crystal and gives full three-dimensional structural data (atomic coordinates, bond lengths). PXRD uses a powder and gives a diffraction pattern. SCXRD is more accurate, but requires a good crystal. PXRD is faster, cheaper, and is used for phase identification, analysis of mixtures and quality control.
Where does the PXRD pattern shown in this accordion come from?
We aggregate the data from three free, peer-reviewed sources: COD (Crystallography Open Database) — CIF files with complete structural data; IUCr Acta Crystallographica E — open-access publications with PXRD data; PubChem (NCBI/NIH) — experimental density for cross-validation. Every entry has a DOI leading to the source publication.
What is the R-factor in crystallography?
The R-factor (residual factor) measures the agreement of a structural model with experimental data: R = Σ|Fo-Fc|/ΣFo. The lower it is, the better the quality of the structure. Values < 0.05 = high quality (the five per cent rule). Values > 0.10 suggest problems with the model or with the data. The R-factor is a standard quality criterion in the CSD and COD databases.
What is the COD (Crystallography Open Database)?
COD is a free database of open crystal structures (crystallography.net/cod) with more than 533,000 entries. Every structure has a CIF file (Crystallographic Information File) with complete data: cell parameters, space group, atomic coordinates, publication DOI. The data is available under a CC0 licence (public domain).
数据来自PubChem来源： PubChem (NIH)
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📚 参考文献（综合书目，芝加哥作者-日期格式） 78 条目

以上折叠面板中针对CAS号7782-50-5引用的所有科学来源。格式： 《芝加哥格式手册》第17版，作者-日期系统.

🗄️ 科学数据库

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 7782-50-5. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=7782-50-5.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 7782-50-5. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 7782-50-5. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=7782-50-5.
  5. ECHA. n.d. C&L Inventory and REACH Registration: CAS 7782-50-5. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

📐 标准/指南

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 书籍

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  3. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  4. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 科学文章（同行评审）

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 网站

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  10. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  11. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  12. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  13. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  14. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  15. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  16. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  17. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  18. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
  19. Heckert, N. A., and J. J. Filliben. 2003. "NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods." NIST Handbook 151. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
  20. Grubbs, Frank E. 1950. "Sample Criteria for Testing Outlying Observations." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (1): 27–58.
  21. Dixon, Wilfrid J. 1950. "Analysis of Extreme Values." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (4): 488–506.
  22. Snedecor, George W., and William G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
  23. Student [William Sealy Gosset]. 1908. "The Probable Error of a Mean." Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25.
  24. International Organization for Standardization. 2005. "ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and Symbols — Part 1: General Statistical Terms and Terms Used in Probability." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/40145.html.
  25. Thompson, Michael, Stephen L. R. Ellison, and Roger Wood. 2002. "Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 835–855.
  26. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2024. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Applicable as from 1 January 2025 (ECE/TRANS/352). Geneva: UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025-edition.
  27. International Air Transport Association. 2026. Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). 67th ed. Montreal: IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/.
  28. International Maritime Organization. 2024. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, 2024 Edition (Amendment 42-24). London: IMO. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx.
  29. United Nations. 2025. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations (Orange Book). 24th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.24. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-model-regulations.
  30. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2025. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284). 2025–2026 ed. Montreal: ICAO. https://www.icao.int/safety/DangerousGoods/Pages/technical-instructions.aspx.
  31. European Commission. 2014. "Commission Decision 2014/955/EU on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC." Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014D0955.
  32. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2020. "Rozporządzenie Ministra Klimatu z dnia 2 stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów." Dziennik Ustaw RP 2020 poz. 10. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20200000010. 国家规定——波兰
  33. Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ). 2024. "Baza Danych O Odpadach (BDO) — System rejestracji firm utylizacyjnych." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. https://bdo.mos.gov.pl/. 国家规定——波兰
  34. Polska — Sejm RP. 2012. "Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. o odpadach." Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21 (z późn. zm.). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20130000021. 国家规定——波兰
  35. Furr, A. Keith, ed.. 2000. "CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety." CRC Press.
  36. Pohanish, Richard P.. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." Elsevier.
  37. Lewis, Richard J.. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." Wiley.
  38. NIOSH. 2024. "Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/.
  39. OSHA. 2024. "Occupational Chemical Database — Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOPER)." Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata.
  40. European Parliament and Council. 2008. "Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive)." Official Journal of the European Union L 312/3. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098.
  41. European Parliament and Council. 2009. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures." Official Journal of the European Union L 353. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1272.
  42. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2023. "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/standards/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025.
  43. IPCS INCHEM. 2024. "International Programme on Chemical Safety — Waste Management Guidelines." WHO/UNEP/ILO. https://www.inchem.org/.
  44. European Parliament and Council. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 on Shipments of Waste." Official Journal of the European Union L 190: 1–98. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006R1013.
  45. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q7%20Guideline.pdf.
  46. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  47. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/trs957-annex3.
  48. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  49. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  50. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q6A%20Guideline.pdf.
  51. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q10%20Guideline.pdf.
  52. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-211.
  53. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-process-validation-finished-products-information-data-be-provided-regulatory-submissions-revision-1_en.pdf.
  54. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  55. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  56. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. https://picscheme.org/en/publications.
  57. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. https://ipecamericas.org/sites/default/files/IPECPQGGMPGuide2017.pdf.
📥 下载BibTeX📥 下载RIS导入到Zotero/Mendeley/EndNote/Papers。
📜 许可与来源PREDICTED MODEL · NOT VERIFIED
PREDICTED MODEL — NOT VERIFIED
computed by MolGod Scientific · experimental feature (beta) · may contain errors

No source 3-D conformer was available to MolGod for this substance. MolGod Scientific computed this geometry from the structural formula with RDKit 2026.03.6 (ETKDGv3 conformer generation, MMFF94 force-field optimisation; lowest-energy converged conformer of a fixed-seed set). It is not a measured structure, it does not come from PubChem, and it has not been compared with experimental data. It shows one possible conformation.

Methods and references
  1. RDKit: Open-source cheminformatics, version 2026.03.6. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.22140358 (all versions: doi:10.5281/zenodo.591637)
  2. Riniker S, Landrum GA. Better Informed Distance Geometry: Using What We Know To Improve Conformation Generation. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2015, 55, 2562-2574. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00654
  3. Wang S, Witek J, Landrum GA, Riniker S. Improving Conformer Generation for Small Rings and Macrocycles Based on Distance Geometry and Experimental Torsional-Angle Preferences. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2020, 60, 2044-2058. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00025
  4. Halgren TA. Merck molecular force field. I. Basis, form, scope, parameterization, and performance of MMFF94. J. Comput. Chem. 1996, 17, 490-519. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199604)17:5/6<490::AID-JCC1>3.0.CO;2-P
  5. Tosco P, Stiefl N, Landrum G. Bringing the MMFF force field to the RDKit: implementation and validation. J. Cheminform. 2014, 6, 37. doi:10.1186/s13321-014-0037-3
  6. Heller SR, McNaught A, Pletnev I, Stein S, Tchekhovskoi D. InChI, the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier. J. Cheminform. 2015, 7, 23. doi:10.1186/s13321-015-0068-4
  7. Kim S, Chen J, Cheng T, et al. PubChem 2025 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025, 53, D1516-D1525. doi:10.1093/nar/gkae1059 Compound record: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24526
Chlorine (CAS 7782-50-5), Cl2 - 3D ball-and-stick molecular model, engraved element symbols (Cl), MolGod STL preview下载图片

MG-STL-7782-50-5-ENGRAVED · 36,344 △ · 2 MB · SHA-256 0ce466a415666aa1

下载 3D 模型 · ENGRAVED · Cl

Chlorine (CAS 7782-50-5), Cl2 - 3D ball-and-stick molecular model, MolGod STL preview下载图片

MG-STL-7782-50-5-NORMAL · 736 △ · 36 KB · SHA-256 0cc884ca85030467

下载 3D 模型

模型
Chlorine · 7782-50-5
InChIKey
KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
许可协议
CC BY-SA 4.0 International (来源权利 未确定 — 尚未授予)
署名
MolGod Scientific — Chlorine (CAS 7782-50-5)
许可与来源记录
Chlorine (CAS 7782-50-5) →
MolGod 分子记录
Chlorine →
源数据
PubChem CID 24526 ↗
模型信息
由 MolGod 生成的 STL · MolGod STL Exporter build 59d3f622957e · 生成于 2026-10-08
SHA-256 (STL)
0cc884ca850304673294641d26d6ceeef8591049cc73d340df9922178bc3c011
MD5 (STL)
5c8c96d007c8d74ed84498efdc63dfb5
模型标识符
MG-STL-7782-50-5
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MolGod Scientific 球棍模型网格
更改
PREDICTED geometry computed by MolGod Scientific (RDKit), NOT verified; rendered as a triangulated mesh.
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本许可适用于 MolGod 创建的 STL 网格，不自动适用于第三方源材料。