chloroform (CAS 67-66-3) — Safety Data Sheet

IARC Gruppo 2B — Possibilmente cancerogena per l'uomo
CAS: 67-66-3 | Fonte IARC

Safety data sheet documentation for chloroform (CAS 67-66-3), compiled to REACH Annex II with classification read against the harmonised entry in CLP Annex VI (H351, H361d, H331, H302). Two options: a working draft sent by e-mail immediately, or a signed card issued within 72 hours of complete input. The item supplied is a document — MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

Free, and generated automatically from the sources listed on this page. No person has reviewed it, and it describes the substance in general — not your material, your process or your intended market.

REACH 2020/878
v4 · 07.09.2026
Scarica la scheda di dati di sicurezza (PDF)CAS 67-66-3 · PDF · 192 KBBozza di lavoro — non ancora revisionata né approvata.

Sezione 9 — proprietà chimico-fisiche: 10 su 22 stabilite.

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Il tuo acquirente europeo inoltrerà questo materiale a qualcuno che non era presente alla call. Il pacchetto esiste perché ciò che inoltra sia completo, autoesplicativo e tracciabile — anziché quattro allegati e una frase che inizia con “Credo che sia tutto”.

Questi cambiano la lingua di questa pagina. Single substances. Mixtures on enquiry. One document, one language — additional languages are priced separately. Every version, including the Chinese one, is written to EU law — (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) Annex II and (EU) 2020/878 — and translated from it. The Chinese version is a reference translation, not a legally valid document for the Chinese market: an SDS for China must be compiled separately to GB/T 16483 and GB/T 17519.

🧬 Visualizzatore di molecole 3D
Caricamento molecola...
Modello 3D Chloroform, CAS 67-66-3, formula molecolare CHCl3, massa molare 119.37 g/mol

Dati trascritti da registri normativi e letteratura tecnica, con indicazione della fonte e dell'edizione. Non sostituiscono la scheda di dati di sicurezza del fornitore. I campi privi di fonte registrata sono contrassegnati come tali.

📊 Dati chimico-fisici — CAS 67-66-3
📊 Proprietà fisico-chimiche

Riferimento rapido

Formula: CHCl3
MW: 119.37 g/mol
CAS: 67-66-3
Aspetto: Liquido altamente rifrangente, non infiammabile, pesante, molto volatile
Odore: Gradevole, etereo, non irritante

Proprietà dettagliate

Integrazione della tabella «Proprietà fisico-chimiche (database)» qui sotto — i valori già mostrati non vengono ripetuti.

Proprietà Valore Unità Conditions Source
Indice di rifrazione (nD) 1.4459[1] 20 °C, D-line Reid, Prausnitz, Poling 4th ed. (1987)
🔬 Proprietà avanzate

Identificatori chimici

SMILES: C(Cl)(Cl)Cl

Fonti dei dati: Reid, Prausnitz, Poling 4th ed. (1987) (ISBN 9780070517998)

Ultimo aggiornamento: 2026-08-25

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (1 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ si applica a: Indice di rifrazione (nD)
Panoramica chimica: Chloroform
Formula molecolareCHCl3[1]
Peso molecolare119.37 g/mol[1]
Punto di fusione-63.5 °C[1][2]
Punto di ebollizione61.15 °C (760 mmHg)[1][2]
Densità1.4832 g/cm³[1]
LogP (lipofilia)1.97[1]
Nome IUPACchloroform[1]
SMILESC(Cl)(Cl)Cl[1]
InChIKeyHEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

Sinonimi: CHLOROFORM · Trichloromethane · 67-66-3 · Trichlormethan · Trichloroform

Fonti dei dati: PubChem (NLM/NIH), Reid, Prausnitz, Poling 4th ed. (1987)
Ultimo aggiornamento: 2026-08-25

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (2 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ si applica a: Formula molecolare · Peso molecolare · Punto di fusione · Punto di ebollizione · Densità · LogP (lipofilia) · Nome IUPAC · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. NIST. Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗ si applica a: Punto di fusione · Punto di ebollizione

RICERCA SCIENTIFICA

[1]Europe PMC2026
et al.. (2026). "Safety Assessment of Pseudomonas fluorescens DS17R Chloroform Extract: Low Acute But Dose-Dependent Subacute Oral Toxicity in Rats.". https://doi.org/10.1155/jt/8893441
[2]Europe PMC2026
et al.. (2026). "Unveiling the anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform fraction of curcuma wallichii and its phytoconstituents by in vivo and in silico studies.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-2
[3]Europe PMC2026
et al.. (2026). "In silico anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory study on GC-MS-based profiling of chloroform and hexane extracts of Erigeron multiradiatus.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s40203-02
[4]Europe PMC2026
et al.. (2026). "Computational and Experimental Analysis of Sophora alopecuroides L. Chloroform Fraction: Active Components and Anti-Breast Cancer Resistance Mechanisms.". https://doi.org/10.3390/mole
[5]Europe PMC2026
(2026). "Chloroform Toxicity".
[6]Europe PMC2025
(2025). "Chloroform: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2022.". https://doi.org/10.34865/mb6766e10_1ad
[7]Europe PMC2025
et al.. (2025). "Towards sustainable lipidomics: computational screening and experimental validation of chloroform-free alternatives for lipid extraction.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-06136-z
[8]Europe PMC2025
(2025). "Conformational Evolution of Bicalutamide in Chloroform: A Comprehensive NMR Study.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224479
📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) 20 refs · 5 baz

MOLECULE Bibliografia per-CAS (live da 13+ banche dati)

Fonti: db:Europe PMC (10) · db:arxiv (2) · db:openalex (6) · db:crossref (1) · db:molgod_data_citations:crossref (1)

  1. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Safety Assessment of Pseudomonas fluorescens DS17R Chloroform Extract: Low Acute But Dose-Dependent Subacute Oral Toxicity in Rats.". https://doi.org/10.1155/jt/8893441 →
  2. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Unveiling the anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform fraction of curcuma wallichii and its phytoconstituents by in vivo and in silico studies.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28248-3 →
  3. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "In silico anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory study on GC-MS-based profiling of chloroform and hexane extracts of Erigeron multiradiatus.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s40203-026-00645-0 →
  4. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Computational and Experimental Analysis of Sophora alopecuroides L. Chloroform Fraction: Active Components and Anti-Breast Cancer Resistance Mechanisms.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31040660 →
  5. db:Europe PMC (2026). "Chloroform Toxicity".
  6. db:arxiv Anirban Polley. (2026). "Concentration-Dependent Membrane Destabilization in DPPC Bilayers: Distinct Insertion Mechanisms and Stress Redistribution by Chloroform and Alkanols". arXiv (2605.08780v1).
  7. db:Europe PMC (2025). "Chloroform: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2022.". https://doi.org/10.34865/mb6766e10_1ad →
  8. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "Towards sustainable lipidomics: computational screening and experimental validation of chloroform-free alternatives for lipid extraction.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-06136-z →
  9. db:Europe PMC (2025). "Conformational Evolution of Bicalutamide in Chloroform: A Comprehensive NMR Study.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224479 →
  10. db:Europe PMC (2025). "Modeling reveals a metabolic basis of competition among Dehalobacter strains during tandem chloroform and dichloromethane metabolism.". https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00847-25 →
  11. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "Chloroform exposure and risk of leukemia: systematic review and meta-analysis.". https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1491075 →
  12. db:arxiv R. D. Nimantha Karunathilaka, Athige Rajith Niloshan Silva, Chathuranga Bharathee Ranaweera et al.. (2025). "In Vitro Antibacterial activity of hexane, Chloroform and methanolic extracts of different parts of Acronychia pedunculata grown in Sri Lanka". arXiv (2506.13121v1). https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/1364 →
  13. db:openalex Clara Torrentó, Jordi Palau, Diana Rodríguez-Fernández et al.. (2017). "Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation Patterns Associated with Different Engineered Chloroform Transformation Reactions". Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00679 →
  14. db:crossref (2014). "Phenol/chloroform extraction v1". https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.cdts6m →
  15. db:openalex Joel Åkesson, Oskar Sundborg, Olof Wahlström et al.. (2012). "A van der Waals density functional study of chloroform and other trihalomethanes on graphene". The Journal of Chemical Physics. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4764356 →
  16. db:openalex Michael A. Lyons, Raymond S. H. Yang, Arthur N. Mayeno et al.. (2008). "Computational Toxicology of Chloroform: Reverse Dosimetry Using Bayesian Inference, Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation, and Human Biomonitoring Data". Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11079 →
  17. db:molgod_data_citations:crossref (2004). "Chloroform 67-66-3.". https://doi.org/10.1002/0471701343.sdp05774 →
  18. db:openalex M.D. Reuber. (1979). "Carcinogenicity of chloroform.". Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7931171 →
  19. db:openalex (1976). "Report on the Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3).". PubMed.
  20. db:openalex John A. Secrist, Marshall W. Logue. (1972). "Amine hydrochlorides by reduction in the presence of chloroform". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00967a042 →
Stato normativo della sostanza
Questa sostanza è soggetta a requisiti normativi: gestione dei rifiuti pericolosi (BDO — norma nazionale, Polonia); trasporto di merci pericolose (ADR/RID/IMDG). Dettagli nella sezione "Stato normativo (REACH/ECHA/CLP)" e nella scheda SDS. Informazione normativa — non limita l'acquisto nel negozio.
🧮 Calcolatore stechiometrico
🧪 Dati chimici
Numero CAS
67-66-3
Formula molecolare
CHCl3
Massa molare
119.37 g/mol
Nome IUPAC (EN)
chloroform
SMILES
C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
InChIKey
HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📚 Related literature (20 articoli)

Matched automatically from public bibliographic databases by text similarity. Not curated for this substance, and not part of the safety data sheet.

R. D. Nimantha Karunathilaka, Athige Rajith Niloshan Silva, Chathuranga Bharathee Ranaweera et al. · (2025) · arXiv (2506.13121v1)
Michael A. Lyons, Raymond S. H. Yang, Arthur N. Mayeno et al. · (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives
Clara Torrentó, Jordi Palau, Diana Rodríguez-Fernández et al. · (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology
Filtra:
Ordina:
📈 Cronologia delle pubblicazioni
1972
1976
1979
2008
2012
2014
2017
2022
2025
2026
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Temp. wrzenia
61.2
Temp. topnienia
-63.2
Density
1.482

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-08-25

🔍 Identificatori esterni
15 su 16 sistemi ID94%
DatabaseIdentificatoreAzioni
CAS Registry Number67-66-3Apri →
PubChem CID6212[1]Apri →
InChIKeyHEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]Apri →
InChIInChI=1S/CHCl3/c2-1(3)4/h1H[1]
SMILESC(Cl)(Cl)Cl[1]
EC Number200-663-8[2]Apri →
ChEMBLCHEMBL44618[3]Apri →
DrugBankDB11387Apri →
KEGG CompoundC13827Apri →
HMDBHMDB0029596Apri →
ChemSpider5977[4]Apri →
MeSH UID (NLM)D002725Apri →
UNII (FDA)7V31YC746XApri →
NSC Number (NCI)77361Apri →
WikiData QIDQ172275Apri →

Fonti: PubChem (NIH), Wikidata SPARQL, KEGG, ChEMBL (EBI), CompTox CTX (EPA).

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (4 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ si applica a: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ si applica a: EC Number
  3. ChEMBL. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), bioactivity database. ↗ si applica a: ChEMBL
  4. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ si applica a: ChemSpider

Ulteriori letture

Pubblicazioni tematicamente correlate a questo CAS. Non sono la fonte di alcun valore riportato in questa scheda.

Bibliografia (estesa) (1)

  1. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ✓ verificato Anonymous. 2004. "Chloroform 67-66-3." Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471701343.sdp05774. link [consultato: 2026-08-25]
📡 Spettroscopia — CAS 67-66-3
📊 Spettri (NMR, IR, MS, UV-Vis) (1)

Tipi di spettri disponibili: IR

Spettro IR (KBr, 4000-400 cm⁻¹)

440 punti dati · Fonte: NIST WebBook · NIST ↗ · 📥 JCAMP-DX
🎓 Guida all'interpretazione degli spettri (per studenti)
Come leggere uno spettro IR
  • 3200-3600 cm⁻¹ — stiramento O-H (picco allargato = legame a idrogeno)
  • 2850-3000 cm⁻¹ — stiramento C-H (sp³)
  • 1650-1750 cm⁻¹ — stiramento C=O (chetoni, aldeidi, esteri)
  • 1400-1600 cm⁻¹ — vibrazioni dell'anello aromatico
  • 1000-1300 cm⁻¹ — stiramento C-O (eteri, alcoli)
  • Nessun assorbimento = gruppo funzionale assente → confrontare con un riferimento

Fonti: LibreTexts ↗, Silverstein (Spectrometric ID) ↗

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (7 sources)
  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2024. "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69." Gaithersburg, MD: NIST. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  2. Spectral Database for Organic Structure Determination (SDBS). 2024. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  3. Ulrich, Eldon L., Hideo Akutsu, John F. Doreleijers, Yoko Harano, Yannis E. Ioannidis, Jundong Lin, Miron Livny, et al. 2008. "BioMagResBank." Nucleic Acids Research 36 (D1): D402–D408. [DOI ↗]
  4. Horai, Hisayuki, Masanori Arita, Shigehiko Kanaya, Yoshito Nihei, Tasuku Ikeda, Kazuhiro Suwa, Yuya Ojima, et al. 2010. "MassBank: A Public Repository for Sharing Mass Spectral Data for Life Sciences." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 45 (7): 703–714. [DOI ↗]
  5. Linstrom, P.J., and W.G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗
  6. McDonald, M. Shane, Mike McAvoy, and Ajit Bhalerao. 1988. "JCAMP-DX: A Standard Form for Exchange of Infrared Spectra in Computer Readable Form." Applied Spectroscopy 42 (1): 151–162. [DOI ↗]
  7. PubChem. 2024. "PubChem Compound Database." National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
Proprietà strutturali

Caricamento dei dati strutturali...

❓ Domande frequenti (3)
What is 67-66-3?
67-66-3 (CAS 67-66-3) is a chemical compound. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
Utile?
What is the CAS number of 67-66-3?
The CAS number for 67-66-3 is 67-66-3. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
Utile?
How should 67-66-3 be stored?
67-66-3 should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
Utile?
➕ Suggerisci una domanda
Scarica i file di struttura

File di struttura molecolare dal database PubChem (NIH). Compatibili con i programmi: Avogadro, PyMOL, Jmol, ChemDraw.

Fonte: PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH). CID: 6212

🔄 Convertitore di unità di concentrazione LIVE

Inserisci la concentrazione Chloroform in qualsiasi unità — il resto verrà calcolato automaticamente.

MW: 119.37 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ Formule di conversione + citazioni (per formula)
ConversionFormulaAccuratezzaSource
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 Bibliografia (8 fonti autorevoli)
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
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🧪 Procedura guidata di preparazione della soluzione WIZARD
① Seleziona la concentrazione
② Volume finale
③ Solvente

Calcoli secondo: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

Chimica computazionale

Caricamento dei dati computazionali...

🔬 Guida al controllo della purezza Controllo qualità

Verifica la purezza del reagente utilizzando metodi analitici standardizzati. Seleziona un metodo di analisi qui sotto e inserisci i risultati delle misurazioni per il calcolo automatico.

🛡️ Sicurezza — CAS 67-66-3
Avviso sulle limitazioni dei dati. Le informazioni sulla sicurezza contenute in questa pagina hanno carattere informativo e non sostituiscono la scheda di dati di sicurezza (SDS) completa. Prima di utilizzare il prodotto, consultare la scheda di dati di sicurezza aggiornata del produttore e le linee guida GHS/CLP. La classificazione CLP riguarda la sostanza pura bulk, non i preparati commerciali.

Classificazione GHS/CLP — Regolamento (CE) n. 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).

⚠️ Pericolo (Danger)
GHS06 — Tossico
GHS06 Tossico
GHS07 — Irritante / nocivo
GHS07 Irritante / nocivo
GHS08 — Pericolo per la salute
GHS08 Pericolo per la salute

🚨 Indicazioni di pericolo (H)

  • H351 — Sospettato di provocare il cancro.
  • H361d — Sospettato di nuocere al feto.
  • H331 — Tossico se inalato.
  • H302 — Nocivo se ingerito.
  • H372 — Provoca danni agli organi in caso di esposizione prolungata o ripetuta.
  • H315 — Provoca irritazione cutanea.
  • H319 — Provoca grave irritazione oculare.

🛡 Consigli di prudenza (P)

  • P203 — Procurarsi, leggere e seguire tutte le istruzioni di sicurezza prima dell’uso.
  • P261 — Evitare di respirare la polvere/i fumi/i gas/la nebbia/i vapori/gli aerosol.
  • P273 — Non disperdere nell’ambiente.

✓ Classificazione armonizzata ai sensi dell'allegato VI del regolamento CLP (CE) 1272/2008 (classificazione ufficiale, vincolante). Numero indice: 602-006-00-4.

Riferimento (Chicago): European Chemicals Agency. "chloroform; trichloromethane, Index No. 602-006-00-4." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

⚠ IARC — Gruppo 2B: possibilmente cancerogeno per l'uomo. (Valutazione indipendente delle evidenze di cancerogenicità da parte di IARC/WHO — integra la classificazione CLP soprastante.)
Riferimento (Chicago): IARC. n.d. IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans: CAS 67-66-3. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications/.
Classificazione dall'elenco locale MOL-GOD (snapshot) — non verificata rispetto all'elenco IARC corrente. Verifica

Traduzioni: Regolamento CLP (CE) 1272/2008, Allegato III e IV. Dati: PubChem/NLM.

📚 Riferimenti scientifici consolidati — Chicago Author-Date 10 sources

Riferimenti raccolti da tutte le schede del Safety Hub. CAS: 67-66-3 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Normative
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Primo soccorso, Tossicologia
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Primo soccorso, DPI, Tossicologia
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] DPI
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Smaltimento, Normative
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Stoccaggio
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Stoccaggio
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. Norme nazionali — Polonia [↗] Smaltimento
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Tossicologia

Le schede con riferimenti propri (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) contengono ulteriori voci bibliografiche all'interno delle rispettive sezioni.

📈 Statistica analitica (t-test · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

Incolla una serie di misure replicate (CSV oppure un numero per riga). Il calcolatore calcolerà la media, la deviazione standard e il 95% CI, e rileverà gli outlier (Grubbs + Dixon Q).

Separatore: virgola, spazio, tab, nuova riga. Min 3 misurazioni.
📐 Formule statistiche
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — media aritmetica
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — varianza campionaria
  • s = √s² — deviazione standard
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — deviazione standard relativa
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — test di Grubbs
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

Fonte: ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 Calcolatore di ricette per tamponi UNIQUE

Scegli un tampone dall'elenco di 20 sistemi popolari → inserisci il pH target → otterrai una ricetta esatta con le masse da pesare.

Passo 1: Scegli un sistema tampone

📜 Cronologia delle ricette (ultime 10)
Stato farmacologico

Lek zatwierdzony (Faza 4)

Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Approvato

Autorizzato all'immissione in commercio dalle autorità regolatorie.

ChEMBL CHEMBL44618 ↗

🚚 Classificazione di trasporto (ADR / IATA / IMDG) UN 1888
Numero UN
UN 1888
Chloroform
Toxic
Source: ADR 2025 Tabela A (adr_dangerous_goods.json)

🛣️ ADR Trasporto stradale

Classe:
6.1
Gruppo di imballaggio:
III
Nome di spedizione:
Chloroform
Codice galleria:
(E)

✈️ IATA Trasporto aereo

Classe:
6.1
Istruzioni di imballaggio:
663 / 670
Quantità max (PAX):
60 L
Quantità max (CAO):
220 L

🚢 IMDG Trasporto marittimo

Classe:
6.1
EmS Code:
F-A, S-A
📅 Project Planner — Gestore degli esperimenti di laboratorio NOVITÀ

Pianifica l'intero progetto di laboratorio: aggiungi esperimenti con reagenti, repliche e durata. Otterrai un diagramma di Gantt, una lista degli acquisti (con link al negozio!), un budget con un margine del 10% e una matrice dei rischi GHS.

🧪 Solubilità e compatibilità con i solventi
Molecola
Chloroform
Formula
CHCl3
logP (XLogP3)
2.30
Massa (g/mol)
119.37
Polarità
Idrofoba (apolare)

⚠️ Stima HSP (letteratura / group contribution). Dati indicativi — non sostituiscono le prove sperimentali.

Ra < R₀ = buona miscibilità · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = al limite · oltre = scarsa (R₀ — raggio della sfera di Hansen di questa molecola) Per questa molecola R₀ = 7.5.

Solvente Compat. Ra Visuale GC-MS HPLC Applications Riferimenti
Water (H₂O)8 g/L (misurato)39.1
✗ NoA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)− Scarsa15.4
✗ NoA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)− Scarsa19.7
✗ NoA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetone~ Media8.7
✗ NoB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)− Scarsa15.7
✗ NoB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSO− Scarsa14.1
✗ NoN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THF+ Buona4.0
✗ NoB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)+ Buona3.3
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)+ Buona0.0
✓ YesN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexane~ Media8.7
✓ YesA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene+ Buona4.1
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 Riferimenti scientifici per i solventi (Chicago Author-Date) — clicca per espandere

11 solventi · 54 citazioni complete (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — di seguito.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia periferica (l'n-esano NON è un cancerogeno secondo la IARC)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
Teoria della solubilità (applicata nella previsione della compatibilità):
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — Tripletta HSP (dD, dP, dH) + formula Ra.
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solvatochromism.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution for dD/dP/dH from SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — Set tabulare completo di 250+ solventi (ε, μ, donicità, numeri di accettore).
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 67-66-3 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Bibliografia completa nell'accordion RIFERIMENTI (in fondo alla pagina) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

⚗️ Verifica la compatibilità della reazione
3 0 0
Salute: 3/4
Infiammabilità: 0/4
Reattività: 0/4
Secondo NFPA 704 / calcolato dai codici H

Verifica se Chloroform è compatibile con un altro reagente

📦 Matrice di compatibilità di stoccaggio
Acidi Bases Ossidanti Infiammabile Tossico Gazy
Acidi ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Bases ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
Ossidanti ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Infiammabile ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
Tossico ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ Conservabili insieme · ⚠ Attenzione · ✗ NON conservare insieme · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

Dati di compatibilità da: Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 Calcolatori da laboratorio (8)
Dilution (C₁V₁=C₂V₂)
Molarità (M=n/V)
Tampone pH (Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Beer-Lambert (A=εcl)
Massa → Moli
Concentration % → M
ppm → mg/L
Temperatura C↔F↔K

Formule verificate: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 Database di spettri spettroscopici
📋 Generatore di protocolli di laboratorio

Protocollo generato sulla base di: GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ Generatore di etichette (QR)
Chloroform• Trichloromethane / Trichlormethan• IUPAC: chloroform• CAS: 67-66-3• EC: 200-663-8• Formula: CHCl3• Massa: 119.37 g/molPERICOLOINDICAZIONI DI PERICOLO GHS:H351 H361d H331 H302 H372 H315 H319P203: Procurarsi, leggere e seguire tutte le istruzioni di sicurezza prima dell’uso.P261: Evitare di respirare la polvere/i fumi/i gas/la nebbia/i vapori/gli aerosol.P273: Non disperdere nell’ambiente.Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX London[email protected]molgod.orgN. lotto: Massa netta:
⏳ Consulente di stabilità & durata di conservazione Arrhenius
Metodologia: Arrhenius equation k = A·exp(-Ea/RT). Citazione: Connors KA et al. 1986 · ICH Q1A(R2)

Inserisci le condizioni di conservazione → l'algoritmo di Arrhenius prevedrà la concentrazione residua, il tempo di dimezzamento e la raccomandazione d'uso.

Segni visivi di degradazione:
  • Yellowing = phosgene formation
  • Odor of phosgene (musty hay)
❄️ Raccomandazioni di conservazione
Temperature:
2-8°C
Light:
Amber glass MANDATORY
Stabilizers:
Ethanol 0.5-1% or amylene
Container:
Glass only
Incompatible:
Bases, aluminum; forms phosgene on light/O₂ exposure
🧪 Assistente di preparazione della soluzione (Smart Prep)

Inserisci cosa vuoi preparare — genererò una SOP

Esempi qui sotto — clicca per inserire:
Ricette predefinite:
📚 Panoramica della letteratura scientifica — CAS 67-66-3
⭐ Risultati principali (letteratura scientifica) 20 publications
🏆 CAS 67-66-3 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% citazioni · 20% recency · 20% topic · 15% historical · 15% open access.
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This covers the checks we performed and named. It does not cover registration status, tonnage, or your role in the supply chain — those are not ours to hold, and a guarantee that pretended otherwise would be worth nothing.

Regulatory paperwork for CAS 67-66-3 (chloroform), written against REACH Annex II and the harmonised classification in force. MolGod issues the documentation and does not supply chemicals.

chloroform (CAS 67-66-3) at a glance

  • Substance – chloroform
  • CAS number – 67-66-3
  • EC number – 200-663-8
  • CLP Annex VI index number – 602-006-00-4
  • Also known as – trichloromethane
  • Hazard statements – H351 (suspected of causing cancer); H361d; H331 (toxic if inhaled); H302 (harmful if swallowed); H372 (causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure); H315 (causes skin irritation)
  • Hazard classes – Carc. 2, Repr. 2, Acute Tox. 3, Acute Tox. 4, STOT RE 1, Skin Irrit. 2
  • Label pictograms – GHS06, GHS08
  • Signal word – Danger
  • Entry current as of – ATP05
  • CMR classification – not classified as CMR in the harmonised entry
  • Documentation issued – safety data sheet in REACH Annex II structure; working draft or signed card
  • What is supplied – a document. MolGod.org does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances.

What is the CLP classification of chloroform?

The harmonised classification for CAS 67-66-3 carries 7 hazard statements: H351, H361d, H331, H302, H372, H315, H319. In plain terms this means suspected of causing cancer; H361d; toxic if inhaled; harmful if swallowed. A harmonised entry is binding across the Union — an importer may not soften it, and a self-classification that diverges from it will not survive an enforcement check.

Storage and handling in the document

Section 7 of the sheet for chloroform sets out handling and storage: incompatible materials, conditions to avoid, and any segregation the classification implies. Laboratories reading this section want a specific instruction, not a caution — an entry that says only ‘store in a cool dry place’ leaves the storekeeper to invent the rest.

What is the UN number for chloroform?

For carriage, chloroform is assigned UN 1888, transport class 6.1, packing group III. These entries belong in section 14 of the safety data sheet and must match the shipping papers exactly. A consignment where the sheet and the transport document disagree on the UN number is stopped before anyone reads the remaining fifteen sections.

Other names for this substance

The same substance appears in trade and in the literature under several names: trichloromethane. A safety data sheet has to carry the name used in the harmonised entry, but a purchase order, a customs declaration and a certificate of analysis may each use a different one. Where the names diverge, CAS 67-66-3 is the identifier that reconciles them — and a document set that relies on trade names alone will eventually be read as describing three different materials.

Which GHS pictograms apply to chloroform?

The label for chloroform carries GHS06 (skull and crossbones), GHS08 (health hazard), with the signal word Danger. These are not chosen by the supplier: CLP Annex VI states them for CAS 67-66-3, and the precedence rules in Annex I decide which pictogram is dropped when two would say the same thing. A label showing a different set from the register is wrong even if every hazard statement on it is correct.

What must the label for chloroform contain?

The supply label for chloroform is generated from the same classification that drives the safety data sheet: pictograms selected by precedence, one signal word derived from the highest hazard class present, and the hazard statements H351, H361d, H331… reproduced in full. Where the container is too small to carry the complete set at a legible size, there are lawful ways to handle it and unlawful ones that look identical to a non-specialist.

Where is regulatory status recorded for chloroform?

Section 15 documents the regulatory status for chloroform, detailing its inclusion on candidate lists, whether it is subject to authorisation or restriction, along with any applicable national regulations. This information is frequently requested by downstream users; providing a concise summary in a single document eliminates repetitive email exchanges with each customer.

Protective equipment and exposure controls

When conducting a risk assessment for chloroform, laboratories must begin by referring to Section 8. If an occupational exposure limit is in place, it is essential to clearly state this limit along with its source and the corresponding averaging period. In cases where no such limit exists, the documentation should explicitly indicate this fact rather than leaving the relevant field blank.

Accidental release and containment

A spill of CAS 67-66-3 is handled from section 6, which has to state the containment material and the protective equipment needed to approach. A sheet that describes cleanup without stating what to wear while doing it is incomplete.

Which SDS sections decide whether a shipment clears?

The sixteen sections in Annex II are not merely a formatting requirement; each section serves a specific purpose, and inspectors evaluate them sequentially. For the CAS registry number 67-66-3, key sections for acceptance typically include 2 (harmonised entry classification), 3 (composition and identifiers), 14 (transport) and 15 (regulatory status). It is crucial not to merge, renumber or omit any sections, as placeholders must remain unchanged.

Identifiers that must agree

CAS 67-66-3 and index number 602-006-00-4 are not interchangeable and not decorative. The index number ties the entry to the harmonised classification; the CAS number ties it to the chemical literature. A file carrying one without the other forces every reader to reconstruct the link, and reconstruction is where errors enter.

What is the EC number for chloroform?

Alongside CAS 67-66-3, this substance carries EC number 200-663-8 and Annex VI index 602-006-00-4. European documentation is built around the EC number as often as around the CAS: registration dossiers, the candidate list and customs systems key on it. A safety data sheet quoting only one of the two forces every downstream reader to look up the other.

Can I import chloroform into the EU?

The introduction of chloroform into the Union necessitates the preparation of documentation prior to logistical arrangements. The documentation file must be available at the time of import, not merely upon request; for this purpose, substances listed in CLP Annex VI is assessed within the context of regulated consignments. Index 602-006-00-4 establishes the classification that Section 2 must reflect accordingly.

How is chloroform classified for road, sea and air transport?

Transport classification for chloroform sits in section 14 and differs by mode: ADR for road, IMDG for sea, IATA for air. A sheet that prints all three without stating which applies leaves the shipper to choose, and the shipper is the one penalised for choosing wrong.

Purity, certificates and what the sheet does not say

Purity grade is a certificate question, not a safety data sheet question. The sheet for chloroform describes the substance; a certificate of analysis describes one batch of it, with the measured result against the specification and the analytical method named per parameter. Laboratories asking for ‘the COA’ usually need both documents.

Questions about documentation for chloroform

In which language must the sheet be supplied?

In an official language of each Member State where chloroform is placed on the market, unless that State has stated otherwise.

Can I check whether my existing sheet is still valid?

Yes. A section-by-section reading against Annex II and the current harmonised entry establishes that in one pass, and a sheet that passes is reported as passing.

Do I need a safety data sheet to import chloroform into the EU?

Yes. A sheet compiled to Annex II of REACH must exist before the first consignment moves, and it must be held by the entity placing the substance on the Union market.

What is the CAS number of chloroform?

CAS 67-66-3. In CLP Annex VI the same substance carries index number 602-006-00-4, and both identifiers should appear in the documentation.

MolGod.org issues documentation and does not sell, supply or ship chemical substances. CAS 67-66-3 identifies the subject of this document.

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Revisionata da un esperto
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Inviata al tuo cliente Non redatta per questo usoYes
Accompagna una spedizione di esportazione Non redatta per questo usoYes
Letto da un ispettore o da un’autorità Non redatta per questo usoYes
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Firmata e datata dal revisore NoYes
Quando lo ricevi Subito dopo il pagamentoEntro 72 ore dalla ricezione dei dati completi

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Cosa significa la firma

Chi prepara il documento
The document is generated by the MolGod engine from ECHA CLP Annex VI and the cited public sources, then read section by section by a qualified scientific reviewer with a degree in chemistry or a related scientific field.
Cosa comprende la revisione
La scheda viene esaminata sezione per sezione rispetto alla struttura dell'allegato II del REACH. La classificazione GHS e le voci relative al trasporto vengono verificate rispetto alle fonti citate nel documento, e la scheda viene adattata all'azienda, al grado del prodotto e all'uso identificato che indichi.
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Non analizziamo il tuo materiale e non possiamo confermare cosa si trovi fisicamente nel tuo contenitore: composizione, concentrazione, impurezze o via di produzione. Questi dati provengono da te e vengono riportati così come forniti.
Che cos'è la firma — e cosa non è
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Cosa ricevi
Un PDF nella struttura in 16 sezioni dell'allegato II di REACH, firmato e datato, con informazioni sulla versione e un elenco di tutto ciò che non abbiamo potuto accertare. Sono inclusi cinque cicli di correzioni.
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📄 Certificati di Analisi (CoA) CAS 67-66-3 nessuno

Nessun certificato per questo prodotto nel database.

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) — fare clic per espandere

Standard di gestione dei lotti e di certificazione di laboratorio — 13 fonti indipendenti (ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG).

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [link ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [link ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [link ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [link ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [link ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [link ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [link ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [link ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [link ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [link ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [link ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [link ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📈 Predittore dello spettro UV-VIS (200-400 nm) λmax 247 nm
0%25%50%75%100%200250300350400247 nmA = ε·c·lA / Aₘₐₓ (%)
CompostoChloroform (UV cutoff)
λmax247 nm
λmin—
εmax (M⁻¹·cm⁻¹)—
Solvente (query)water
Solvente (riferimento)self
Concentration (M)1e-4
Lunghezza del cammino ottico (cm)1
FWHM della curva30 nm

Modello: curva gaussiana centrata su λmax con scalatura secondo Beer-Lambert A = ε · c · l. Trasmittanza T = 10^(-A) · 100%.

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. et al.. (2026). "Safety Assessment of Pseudomonas fluorescens DS17R Chloroform Extract: Low Acute But Dose-Dependent Subacute Oral Toxicity in Rats.". https://doi.org/10.1155/jt/8893441 [DOI]
  2. et al.. (2026). "Unveiling the anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform fraction of curcuma wallichii and its phytoconstituents by in vivo and in silico studies.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28248-3 [DOI]
  3. et al.. (2026). "In silico anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory study on GC-MS-based profiling of chloroform and hexane extracts of Erigeron multiradiatus.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s40203-026-00645-0 [DOI]
  4. et al.. (2026). "Computational and Experimental Analysis of Sophora alopecuroides L. Chloroform Fraction: Active Components and Anti-Breast Cancer Resistance Mechanisms.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31040660 [DOI]
  5. (2026). "Chloroform Toxicity".
  6. (2025). "Chloroform: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2022.". https://doi.org/10.34865/mb6766e10_1ad [DOI]
  7. et al.. (2025). "Towards sustainable lipidomics: computational screening and experimental validation of chloroform-free alternatives for lipid extraction.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-06136-z [DOI]
  8. (2025). "Conformational Evolution of Bicalutamide in Chloroform: A Comprehensive NMR Study.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224479 [DOI]
  9. (2025). "Modeling reveals a metabolic basis of competition among Dehalobacter strains during tandem chloroform and dichloromethane metabolism.". https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00847-25 [DOI]
  10. et al.. (2025). "Chloroform exposure and risk of leukemia: systematic review and meta-analysis.". https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1491075 [DOI]
  11. Clara Torrentó, Jordi Palau, Diana Rodríguez-Fernández et al.. (2017). "Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation Patterns Associated with Different Engineered Chloroform Transformation Reactions". Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00679 [DOI]
  12. (2014). "Phenol/chloroform extraction v1". https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.cdts6m [DOI]
  13. Joel Åkesson, Oskar Sundborg, Olof Wahlström et al.. (2012). "A van der Waals density functional study of chloroform and other trihalomethanes on graphene". The Journal of Chemical Physics. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4764356 [DOI]
  14. Michael A. Lyons, Raymond S. H. Yang, Arthur N. Mayeno et al.. (2008). "Computational Toxicology of Chloroform: Reverse Dosimetry Using Bayesian Inference, Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation, and Human Biomonitoring Data". Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11079 [DOI]
  15. (2004). "Chloroform 67-66-3.". https://doi.org/10.1002/0471701343.sdp05774 [DOI]
  16. M.D. Reuber. (1979). "Carcinogenicity of chloroform.". Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7931171 [DOI]
  17. (1976). "Report on the Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3).". PubMed.
  18. John A. Secrist, Marshall W. Logue. (1972). "Amine hydrochlorides by reduction in the presence of chloroform". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00967a042 [DOI]
  19. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2023. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. [DOI]
  20. Mayerhöfer, Thomas G., Samir Pahlow, and Jürgen Popp. 2020. "The Bouguer-Beer-Lambert Law: Shining Light on the Obscure." ChemPhysChem 21 (18): 2029-2046. [DOI]
  21. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2017. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-305-57721-3.
  22. Lindon, John C., George E. Tranter, and David W. Koppenaal, eds. 2017. "Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry." 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-803224-4.
  23. Field, Leslie D., Sev Sternhell, and John R. Kalman. 2013. "Organic Structures from Spectra." 5th ed. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-96582-6.
  24. Reusch, William. 2013. "Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry: Spectroscopy." East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.
  25. Lampman, Gary M., Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, and James R. Vyvyan. 2010. "Spectroscopy." 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-88992-9.
  26. Kalsi, P. S. 2010. "Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds." 6th ed. New Delhi: New Age International. ISBN 978-81-224-2032-9.
  27. Williams, Dudley H., and Ian Fleming. 2008. "Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry." 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-711559-0.
  28. Sadek, Paul C. 2002. The HPLC Solvent Guide. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-41242-2.
  29. Banwell, Colin N., and Elaine M. McCash. 1994. "Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy." 4th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-707976-1.
  30. Perkampus, Heinz-Helmut. 1992. UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Its Applications. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77479-9.
  31. Fieser, Louis F. 1949. "Extension of Woodward's Rules for Prediction of Conjugated Diene Absorption." Journal of the American Chemical Society 71 (5): 1854-1857. [DOI]
  32. Woodward, Robert B. 1942. "Structure and the Absorption Spectra of Alpha,Beta-Unsaturated Ketones." Journal of the American Chemical Society 64 (1): 72-75. [DOI]
  33. Beer, August. 1852. "Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Flüssigkeiten." Annalen der Physik und Chemie 86: 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18521620505.
  34. Lambert, Johann Heinrich. 1760. Photometria. Augsburg: Sumptibus Vidae.

📖 Il valore λmax = 247 nm proviene da una banca dati o dalla letteratura. Nessun controllo incrociato indipendente (NIST / CrossRef / PubChem) — verifica incrociata non disponibile.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/spectra/uv-vis/67-66-3?solvent=water&path_length_cm=1

☣️ Tossicità (LD50 / LC50) GHS Cat 4 — Bassa
LD50
695 mg/kg[1][2]
Gatunek / droga
Rat / doustnie
Klasyfikacja
Slightly toxic[3][4]
Skala GHS (Acute Toxicity, oral, mg/kg bw):
Cat 1 (≤5)
Cat 2 (5–50)
Cat 3 (50–300)
Cat 4 (300–2000)
Cat 5 (2000–5000)

Fonte: RTECS FS9100000; IARC Mono 73; ATSDR Chloroform 1997 (1997). CAS 67-66-3.

I dati LD50/LC50 hanno valore puramente indicativo; non sostituiscono la scheda di dati di sicurezza (SDS) né la valutazione di un esperto tossicologo. Classificazione GHS per la via orale (mg/kg bw) secondo UN GHS, 10ª rev. 2023, Annex 1 §3.1.1.

Bibliografia (Chicago)
  1. NIOSH. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). Cincinnati: NIOSH.
  2. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Medical Management Guidelines / Toxicological Profile. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  3. United Nations. 2023. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)." 10th rev. ed. New York: UN.
  4. Hodge, Harold C., and James H. Sterner. 1949. "Tabulation of toxicity classes." American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly 10 (4): 93-96.
Ulteriori fonti (metodologia, non citate direttamente):
  • U.S. EPA. 2024. "ChemView." https://chemview.epa.gov/.
  • Lipnick, Robert L., et al. 1995. "Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures." Food and Chemical Toxicology 33 (3): 223-231.
  • ATSDR. 2024. "Toxicological Profiles." Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/.
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press.
  • Lewis, Richard J. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." 12th ed. Wiley.
  • IARC. 2024. "Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans." International Agency for Research on Cancer (classification criteria for carcinogenicity: IARC Group 1/2A/2B).
  • Pohanish, Richard P. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." 7th ed. Elsevier.
  • Bingham, Eula, Barbara Cohrssen, and Charles H. Powell, eds. 2012. "Patty's Toxicology." 6th ed. Wiley.
  • WHO. 2023. "Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard." World Health Organization (zgodne z UN GHS Annex 1 §3.1.1).
📊 Diffrazione a raggi X (PXRD) Alta qualità 30%

Dati cristallografici per 67-66-3 verificati con COD (0 picchi di diffrazione). I valori 2θ seguenti consentono l'identificazione della forma polimorfica mediante PXRD in laboratorio.

Sistema cristallino Gruppo spaziale Cella unitaria (Å) Densità (g/cm³) R
orthorhombic P n m a a=7.442 b=9.458 c=5.803 α=90.00° β=90.00° γ=90.00° 1.941 (calculated) 0.0172
Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. International Centre for Diffraction Data. 2024. PDF-4+ 2024. Newtown Square, PA: ICDD. 🔓
  2. Allen, Frank H. 2002. "The Cambridge Structural Database: a quarter of a million crystal structures and rising." Acta Crystallographica B 58 (3): 380–388. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768102003890
  3. Grazulis, Saulius, Adriana Merkys, Antanas Vaitkus, and Daniel Chateigner. 2012. "Computing stoichiometric molecular composition from crystal structures." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45 (6): 1241–1248. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889812042185 Accesso aperto
  4. Cullity, B. D., and Stuart R. Stock. 2001. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  5. Jenkins, Ron, and Robert L. Snyder. 1996. Introduction to X-Ray Powder Diffractometry. New York: Wiley-Interscience. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118520949
  6. Giacovazzo, Carmelo, Hugo L. Monaco, Giuseppe Artioli, Davide Viterbo, Marco Milanesio, Gastone Gilli, Paola Gilli, Giuseppe Zanotti, Giampiero Ferraris, and Mario Catti. 2011. Fundamentals of Crystallography. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  7. Dinnebier, Robert E., and Simon J. L. Billinge, eds. 2008. Powder Diffraction: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847558237
  8. United States Pharmacopeia. 2024. "Chapter <941> Characterization of Crystalline and Partially Crystalline Solids by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)." USP-NF. Rockville, MD: USP. 🔓
FAQ — domande frequenti su PXRD
What is d-spacing and how is it interpreted?
d-spacing is the distance between parallel lattice planes of a crystal, expressed in angstroms (Å). The larger the d, the smaller the 2θ angle. Peaks with a large d (low 2θ) identify long-period structures; peaks at high 2θ — closely packed planes. d-spacing is a structural constant — it does not depend on the instrument.
What is PXRD and what is it used for?
PXRD (Powder X-Ray Diffraction) is an analytical technique in which X-rays are diffracted by the atoms of a crystal. The diffraction pattern (2θ angles and intensities) is unique to every crystalline substance and to each of its polymorphic forms — it acts as the crystal's "fingerprint". It is used to identify phases, purity and the polymorphic form of a sample.
Where does the PXRD pattern shown in this accordion come from?
We aggregate the data from three free, peer-reviewed sources: COD (Crystallography Open Database) — CIF files with complete structural data; IUCr Acta Crystallographica E — open-access publications with PXRD data; PubChem (NCBI/NIH) — experimental density for cross-validation. Every entry has a DOI leading to the source publication.
Why is the polymorphic form important for the pharmaceutical industry?
Different polymorphic forms of the same substance can have drastically different solubility, and through that different bioavailability of the drug. The famous case: ritonavir (Abbott, 1998) — Form II appeared during production, was 50% less soluble than Form I, which caused the product to be withdrawn and losses of ~250 million USD. The pharmacopoeias (USP, PhEur) require the polymorphic form to be specified.
Dati da PubChemFonte: PubChem (NIH) · ChEMBL
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📚 RIFERIMENTI (Bibliografia complessiva, Chicago Author-Date) 79 elementi

Tutte le fonti scientifiche citate negli accordion sopra per il CAS 67-66-3.Formato: Chicago Manual of Style 17ª ed., sistema Author-Date.

🗄️ Banche dati scientifiche

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 67-66-3. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=67-66-3.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 67-66-3. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 67-66-3. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=67-66-3.

📐 Standard / Linee guida

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 Libri

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  3. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  4. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📘 Monografie

  1. IARC. n.d. IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans: CAS 67-66-3. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications/.

📄 Articoli scientifici (peer-reviewed)

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 Siti web

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. ECHA — Allegato VI del CLP (classificazione armonizzata, ATP 23; 2026-07-07) https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  12. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  13. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  14. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  15. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  16. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  17. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  18. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  19. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
  20. Heckert, N. A., and J. J. Filliben. 2003. "NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods." NIST Handbook 151. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
  21. Grubbs, Frank E. 1950. "Sample Criteria for Testing Outlying Observations." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (1): 27–58.
  22. Dixon, Wilfrid J. 1950. "Analysis of Extreme Values." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (4): 488–506.
  23. Snedecor, George W., and William G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
  24. Student [William Sealy Gosset]. 1908. "The Probable Error of a Mean." Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25.
  25. International Organization for Standardization. 2005. "ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and Symbols — Part 1: General Statistical Terms and Terms Used in Probability." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/40145.html.
  26. Thompson, Michael, Stephen L. R. Ellison, and Roger Wood. 2002. "Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 835–855.
  27. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2024. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Applicable as from 1 January 2025 (ECE/TRANS/352). Geneva: UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025-edition.
  28. International Air Transport Association. 2026. Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). 67th ed. Montreal: IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/.
  29. International Maritime Organization. 2024. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, 2024 Edition (Amendment 42-24). London: IMO. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx.
  30. United Nations. 2025. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations (Orange Book). 24th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.24. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-model-regulations.
  31. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2025. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284). 2025–2026 ed. Montreal: ICAO. https://www.icao.int/safety/DangerousGoods/Pages/technical-instructions.aspx.
  32. European Commission. 2014. "Commission Decision 2014/955/EU on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC." Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014D0955.
  33. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2020. "Rozporządzenie Ministra Klimatu z dnia 2 stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów." Dziennik Ustaw RP 2020 poz. 10. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20200000010. Norme nazionali — Polonia
  34. Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ). 2024. "Baza Danych O Odpadach (BDO) — System rejestracji firm utylizacyjnych." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. https://bdo.mos.gov.pl/. Norme nazionali — Polonia
  35. Polska — Sejm RP. 2012. "Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. o odpadach." Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21 (z późn. zm.). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20130000021. Norme nazionali — Polonia
  36. Furr, A. Keith, ed.. 2000. "CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety." CRC Press.
  37. Pohanish, Richard P.. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." Elsevier.
  38. Lewis, Richard J.. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." Wiley.
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  40. OSHA. 2024. "Occupational Chemical Database — Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOPER)." Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata.
  41. European Parliament and Council. 2008. "Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive)." Official Journal of the European Union L 312/3. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098.
  42. European Parliament and Council. 2009. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures." Official Journal of the European Union L 353. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R1272.
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Modello
Chloroform · 67-66-3
InChIKey
HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Licenza
CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Attribuzione
MolGod Scientific — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
Scheda di licenza e provenienza
Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3) →
Scheda molecolare MolGod
Chloroform →
Dati di origine
PubChem CID 6212 ↗
Informazioni sul modello
STL generato da MolGod · MolGod STL Exporter build 97d4498f28a7 · generato il 2026-10-04
SHA-256 (STL)
a9ebf83f0459db8a1654eb9ea6bfc1e04afa616c63009d0dc9432799907ff497
MD5 (STL)
ff5b6dc6ed279f2aefe5cd7946c09fa2
MolGod Identification Number
MG_345-434-976-05
Trasformazione
Mesh a sfere e bastoncini MolGod Scientific
Modifiche
Convertito in una mesh molecolare triangolata; coordinate atomiche e connettività invariate.
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