Propylene glycol (CAS 57-55-6), CAS 57-55-6 — chemical product label

Propylene Glycol(Pharma Grade) – Propylene Glycol(Pharma Grade) – Products (CAS 57-55-6)

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Propylene Glycol(Pharma Grade) – Propylene Glycol(Pharma Grade) – Products. CAS 57-55-6.

⚠️ Note: This safety data sheet is provided in English; a localized version is being prepared.

Free, and generated automatically from the sources listed on this page. No person has reviewed it, and it describes the substance in general — not your material, your process or your intended market.

REACH 2020/878
v2 · 08.09.2026
Download Safety Data Sheet (PDF)CAS 57-55-6 · PDF · 167 KBWorking draft — not yet reviewed and approved.

Section 9 — physicochemical properties: 13 of 22 established.

We show what is established and name what is not. Classification and identity are complete on every card; section 9 is where public data is thin.

See a finished document firstFull price list →

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🧬 3D分子可视化器
正在加载分子...
3D模型Propylene Glycol，CAS 57-55-6，分子式C3H8O2, 摩尔质量 76.09 g/mol

数据转录自法规登记册和专业文献，并注明来源与版本。不能替代供应商的安全数据表。未记录来源的字段已作相应标注。

📊 物理化学数据 — CAS 57-55-6
📊 物理化学性质

快速参考

化学式： C3H8O2
分子量： 76.09 g/mol
CAS号： 57-55-6

详细性质

Uzupełnienie tabeli „Physicochemical properties (baza danych)” poniżej — powtórzone wartości pokazujemy tylko raz.

属性 值 单位 条件 来源
折射率（nD） 1.4326[1] 20 °C, D-line Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
🔬 高级属性

化学标识符

SMILES: CC(CO)O

数据来源： Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)

最后更新： 2026-09-02

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (1 来源)
  1. Yaws, C.L. Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier (Gulf Professional Publishing), 2014. applies to: 折射率（nD）
化学概述: Propylene Glycol
分子式C3H8O2[1]
分子量76.09 g/mol[1]
熔点-60 °C[2]
沸点188.2 °C (760 mmHg)[2]
密度1.0361 g/cm³[2][3]
LogP（亲脂性）-0.92[1]
pKa14.89
IUPAC名称propane-1,2-diol[1]
SMILESCC(CO)O[1]
InChIKeyDNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

同义词: propylene glycol · 1,2-propanediol · 57-55-6 · propane-1,2-diol · 1,2-Propylene glycol

数据来源： PubChem (NLM/NIH), Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
最后更新： 2026-09-02

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (3 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: 分子式 · 分子量 · LogP（亲脂性） · IUPAC名称 · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. Yaws, C.L. Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier (Gulf Professional Publishing), 2014. applies to: 熔点 · 沸点 · 密度
  3. DECHEMA, PTB, and BAM. CHEMSAFE - Database of Evaluated Safety Characteristics for the Avoidance of Explosions. Frankfurt am Main: DECHEMA e.V.; Braunschweig/Berlin: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt and Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung. ↗ applies to: 密度

科学研究

[1]Europe PMC2023
Molecular-Level Interactions in Binary Mixtures of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate and Propane-1,2-diol: The Interplay between Intermolecular and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding.
(2023). "Molecular-Level Interactions in Binary Mixtures of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate and Propane-1,2-diol: The Interplay between Intermolecular and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding.". h
查看完整研究 ↗
[2]Doaj2023
3-(2-Chloro-5-methylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol
Alexander A. Bredikhin, Zemfira A. Bredikhina, Aida I. Samigullina et al.. (2023). "3-(2-Chloro-5-methylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol". Molbank. https://doi.org/10.3390/M1624
查看完整研究 ↗
[3]Europe PMC2022
Synthesis and Hydrophilicity Analysis of bis(propane-1,2-diol) Terminated Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs).
(2022). "Synthesis and Hydrophilicity Analysis of bis(propane-1,2-diol) Terminated Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs).". https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030753
查看完整研究 ↗
[4]Europe PMC2021
The Additive Influence of Propane-1,2-Diol on SDS Micellar Structure and Properties.
et al.. (2021). "The Additive Influence of Propane-1,2-Diol on SDS Micellar Structure and Properties.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123773
查看完整研究 ↗
[5]Europe PMC2018
Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol (E 1520) as a food additive.
et al.. (2018). "Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol (E 1520) as a food additive.". https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5235
查看完整研究 ↗
[6]Europe PMC2018
Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol alginate (E 405) as a food additive.
et al.. (2018). "Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol alginate (E 405) as a food additive.". https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5371
查看完整研究 ↗
[7]Europe PMC2018
Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids (E 477) as a food additive.
et al.. (2018). "Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids (E 477) as a food additive.". https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5497
查看完整研究 ↗
[8]Europe PMC2017
Validated method for the determination of propane-1,2-diol, butane-2,3-diol, and propane-1,3-diol in cheese and bacterial cultures using phenylboronic esterification…
et al.. (2017). "Validated method for the determination of propane-1,2-diol, butane-2,3-diol, and propane-1,3-diol in cheese and bacterial cultures using phenylboronic esterification and GC-MS.". http
查看完整研究 ↗
📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） 20 refs · 3 baz

MOLECULE 按CAS号参考文献（实时来自13+数据库）

来源： db:Europe PMC (17) · db:doaj (1) · db:crossref (2)

  1. db:Europe PMC (2023). "Molecular-Level Interactions in Binary Mixtures of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate and Propane-1,2-diol: The Interplay between Intermolecular and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c03457 →
  2. db:doaj Alexander A. Bredikhin, Zemfira A. Bredikhina, Aida I. Samigullina et al.. (2023). "3-(2-Chloro-5-methylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol". Molbank. https://doi.org/10.3390/M1624 →
  3. db:Europe PMC (2022). "Synthesis and Hydrophilicity Analysis of bis(propane-1,2-diol) Terminated Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs).". https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030753 →
  4. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2021). "The Additive Influence of Propane-1,2-Diol on SDS Micellar Structure and Properties.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123773 →
  5. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2018). "Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol (E 1520) as a food additive.". https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5235 →
  6. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2018). "Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol alginate (E 405) as a food additive.". https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5371 →
  7. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2018). "Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids (E 477) as a food additive.". https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5497 →
  8. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2017). "Validated method for the determination of propane-1,2-diol, butane-2,3-diol, and propane-1,3-diol in cheese and bacterial cultures using phenylboronic esterification and GC-MS.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.069 →
  9. db:crossref José J. Cano-Gómez, Gustavo A. Iglesias-Silva, Luis D. Cortez-Sánchez et al.. (2017). "Densities and Viscosities for Binary Liquid Mixtures of Butan-1-ol + Propane-1,2-diol, + Butane-1,2-diol and 2-Methylpropan-1-ol + Propane-1,2-diol, + Butane-1,2-diol from 298.15 to 333.15 K at 0.1 MPa". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.7b00621 →
  10. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2015). "Solubility and thermodynamic behavior of vanillin in propane-1,2-diol+water cosolvent mixtures at different temperatures.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.113 →
  11. db:crossref Changsheng Yang, Xue Feng, Yankai Sun et al.. (2015). "Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium for Two Binary Systems{Propane-1,2-diol + Ethane-1,2-diol and Propane-1,2-diol + Butane-1,2-diol} at p = (10.0, 20.0, and 40.0) kPa". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. https://doi.org/10.1021/je5010824 →
  12. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2012). "3-(4-(tert-Octyl)phenoxy)propane-1,2-diol suppresses inflammatory responses via inhibition of multiple kinases.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.018 →
  13. db:Europe PMC (2005). "Synthesis and stability studies of the glutathione and N-acetylcysteine adducts of an iminoquinone reactive intermediate generated in the biotransformation of 3-(N-phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol: implications for toxic oil syndrome.". https://doi.org/10.1021/tx050171n →
  14. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2005). "Novel mutual pro-drugs of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine with 3-octadecyloxy-propane-1,2-diol by straightforward enzymatic regioselective synthesis in acetone.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-004-7335-1 →
  15. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2002). "The crystal structure of coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase in complex with cobalamin and propane-1,2-diol.". https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03151.x →
  16. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2002). "Occurrence of 3-chloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and related compounds in foods: a review.". https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030210132391 →
  17. db:Europe PMC et al.. (1996). "Cryopreservation of human skin with propane-1,2-diol.". https://doi.org/10.1006/cryo.1996.0056 →
  18. db:Europe PMC (1990). "Cryopreservation of human platelets with propane-1,2-diol.". https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2240(90)90004-n →
  19. db:Europe PMC et al.. (1987). "Perfusion of rabbit kidneys with solutions containing propane-1,2-diol.". https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2240(87)90045-9 →
  20. db:Europe PMC et al.. (1982). "A pharmacological study of propane-1,2-diol.".
物质监管状态
该物质受监管要求约束： 危险废物管理（BDO登记册）. 详细信息请参见“法规状态（REACH/ECHA/CLP）”章节及安全数据表。 监管信息——不限制在本店购买。
🧮 化学计量计算器
🧪 化学数据
CAS号
57-55-6
分子式
C3H8O2
摩尔质量
76.09 g/mol
IUPAC名称 (EN)
propane-1,2-diol
SMILES
CC(CO)O
InChIKey
DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📚 Related literature (20 产品)

Matched automatically from public bibliographic databases by text similarity. Not curated for this substance, and not part of the safety data sheet.

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📈 出版时间线
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📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Temp. wrzenia
186.9
Density
1.04

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-09-02

🔍 外部标识符
15 / 16个ID系统94%
数据库标识符操作
CAS Registry Number57-55-6打开 →
PubChem CID1030[1]打开 →
InChIKeyDNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]打开 →
InChIInChI=1S/C3H8O2/c1-3(5)2-4/h3-5H,2H2,1H3[1]
SMILESCC(CO)O[1]
EC Number200-338-0[2]打开 →
ChEMBLCHEMBL286398[3]打开 →
DrugBankDB01839打开 →
KEGG CompoundD00078打开 →
HMDBHMDB0001881打开 →
ChemSpider13835224[4]打开 →
MeSH UID (NLM)D019946打开 →
UNII (FDA)6DC9Q167V3打开 →
NSC Number (NCI)69860打开 →
WikiData QIDQ161495打开 →

来源：PubChem (NIH)、Wikidata SPARQL、KEGG、ChEMBL (EBI)、CompTox CTX (EPA)。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式） (4 来源)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ applies to: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ applies to: EC Number
  3. ChEMBL. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), bioactivity database. ↗ applies to: ChEMBL
  4. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ applies to: ChemSpider

Further reading

Publications thematically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value shown on this card.

扩展参考文献 (1)

  1. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 开放 ❓ 未验证 Anonymous. 2001. "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PEG-25 Propylene Glycol Stearate, PEG-75 Propylene Glycol Stearate, PEG-120 Propylene Glycol Stearate, PEG-10 Propylene Glycol, PEG-8 Propylene Glycol Cocoate, and PEG-55 Propylene Glycol Oleate." International Journal of Toxicology 20 (6): 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10915810152902556. 链接 [访问日期: 2026-09-02]
📡 光谱学 — CAS 57-55-6
📊 光谱数据库 — 内联数据 9 来源

光谱按需从9个来源获取。每个光谱都存储在我们的数据库中 — 下次打开时无需向外部API发出请求。无需搜索即可为每个光谱下载JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG。

IR IR (Infrared) — NIST WebBook
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📚 Steinbeck C et al. (2003) J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 43(1):10–16 DOI: 10.1021/ci025588g
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📚 MassBank of North America (UC Davis) DOI: 10.1002/jms.1777
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结构性质

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❓ 常见问题 (3)
What is 57-55-6?
57-55-6 (CAS 57-55-6) is a chemical compound. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
有帮助吗？
What is the CAS number of 57-55-6?
The CAS number for 57-55-6 is 57-55-6. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
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How should 57-55-6 be stored?
57-55-6 should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
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➕ 建议问题
下载结构文件

来自PubChem数据库（NIH）的分子结构文件。兼容Avogadro、PyMOL、Jmol和ChemDraw等程序。

来源：PubChem，美国国家医学图书馆（NIH）。 CID: 1030

🔄 浓度单位转换器 实时

输入Propylene Glycol浓度（任意单位），其余将自动计算。

分子量： 76.09 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ 转换公式及引用（每个公式）
转换分子式准确度来源
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 参考文献（8个权威来源）
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
相似分子结构

正在加载相似结构...

🧪 溶液制备向导 WIZARD
① 选择浓度
② 目标体积
③ 溶剂

计算依据： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

计算化学

正在加载计算数据...

🛡️ 安全 — CAS 57-55-6
数据限制说明。 本页安全信息仅供参考，不能替代完整的安全数据表（SDS）。使用产品前，请查阅制造商当前的安全数据表以及GHS/CLP指南。CLP分类适用于纯散装物质，不适用于商业制剂。

GHS/CLP分类——(EC) No 1272/2008法规 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021)。

⚠️ 危险 (Danger)
GHS07 — 刺激性/有害
GHS07 刺激性/有害
GHS08 — 健康危害
GHS08 健康危害

🚨 危险说明（H）

  • H336 — 可引起昏睡或眩晕
  • H370 — 对器官造成损害(或说明已知的所有受影响器官) (说明接触途径――如已确证无其他接触途径造成这一危害)
  • H372 — 长期或反复接触会对器官造成伤害(说明已知的所有受影响器官)( 说明接触途径――如已确证无其他接触途径造成这一危害)

🛡 防范说明（P）

  • P260 — 不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/气雾/蒸气/喷雾。

⚠ 基于来源共识的分类（PubChem/供应商通知）——未与附件VI（CLP）中的统一分类进行验证。危害范围可能比官方分类更广；使用前请与供应商当前的安全数据表进行验证。

翻译：CLP 法规 (EC) 1272/2008，附件 III 和 IV。数据：PubChem/NLM。

📚 综合科学参考文献 — Chicago Author-Date 10 来源

从所有Safety Hub选项卡收集的参考文献。CAS号： 57-55-6 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS，法规
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Pierwsza pomoc, Toksykologia
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Pierwsza pomoc, PPE, Toksykologia
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] PPE
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Utylizacja, Regulacje
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Magazynowanie
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Magazynowanie
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. [↗] Utylizacja
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Toksykologia

具有自身参考文献的选项卡（紧急情况、个人防护装备、储存、废物）在其各自章节中包含额外的书目条目。

📈 分析统计（t检验·RSD·Grubbs·Q-Dixon） ICH Q2

粘贴一系列重复测量结果（CSV或每行一个数字）。计算器将计算平均值、标准差和95%置信区间，并检测异常值（Grubbs + Dixon Q）。

分隔符：逗号、空格、制表符、换行。至少3个测量值。
📐 统计公式
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — 算术平均值
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — 样本方差
  • s = √s² — 标准差
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — 相对标准差
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs检验
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

来源：ICH Q2(R2) 分析方法验证 · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 缓冲液配方计算器 唯一
参考文献： pKa值来自 Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

从 20 种常用缓冲体系列表中选择 → 输入目标 pH → 获得精确配方，包括称量质量。

步骤 1：选择缓冲体系

📜 配方历史记录（最近 10 条）
药物状态

Badania kliniczne Faza 3

I期
II期
III期
已批准

III期——在广泛人群中开展的大规模多中心比较试验。

ChEMBL CHEMBL286398 ↗

📅 项目规划器——实验室实验管理器 新品

规划您的整个实验室项目：添加实验（含试剂、重复次数和持续时间）。您将获得甘特图、购物清单（含商店链接！）、预算（含10%余量）和GHS风险矩阵。

🧪 溶解性和溶剂兼容性
分子
Propylene Glycol
分子式
C3H8O2
logP (XLogP3)
-0.92
摩尔质量（g/mol）
76.09
极性
亲水性（极性）

⚠️ HSP估算（文献/基团贡献法）。指示性数据——不能替代实验研究。

Ra < R₀ = good miscibility · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = borderline · above = poor (R₀ — radius of the Hansen sphere of this molecule) For this molecule R₀ = 9..

溶剂 兼容性 Ra 可视化 GC-MS HPLC 应用 参考文献
Water (H₂O)miscible21.9
✗ NoA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)+ 良好3.2
✗ NoA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)+ 良好4.0
✗ NoA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetone− 差14.5
✗ NoB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)− 差17.3
✗ NoB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSO~ 平均13.0
✗ NoN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THF− 差14.1
✗ NoB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)− 差16.0
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)− 差17.3
✓ YesN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexane− 差24.0
✓ YesA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene− 差21.4
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 溶剂科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

11 solvents · 54 full citations (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — below.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia obwodowa (n-Heksan NIE jest kancerogenem IARC)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
溶解性理论（应用于相容性预测）：
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP三元组（dD, dP, dH）+ Ra公式。
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solwatochromia.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution dla dD/dP/dH z SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — 250+溶剂的完整表格数据集（ε、μ、供体数、受体数）。
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 57-55-6 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

完整参考文献位于页面底部的参考文献折叠面板——芝加哥格式手册第17版作者-日期格式。

⚗️ 检查反应兼容性
3 0 0
健康： 3/4
易燃性： 0/4
反应性： 0/4
根据NFPA 704 / 由H代码计算

检查Propylene Glycol是否与另一种试剂兼容

📦 储存兼容性矩阵
酸类 碱 氧化剂 易燃 毒性 Gazy
酸类 ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
碱 ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
氧化剂 ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
易燃 ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
毒性 ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ 可一起储存 · ⚠ 谨慎 · ✗ 禁止一起储存 · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

兼容性数据来源： Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 实验室计算器（8个）
稀释（C₁V₁=C₂V₂）
摩尔浓度（M=n/V）
pH缓冲液（Henderson-Hasselbalch）
Beer-Lambert（A=εcl）
质量→摩尔
浓度%→M
ppm→mg/L
温度 C↔F↔K

已验证的配方： IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 光谱数据库
📋 实验室方案生成器

方案基于以下内容生成： GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ 标签生成器（QR码）
丙二醇• propylene glycol / 1,2-propanediol• IUPAC: propane-1,2-diol• CAS: 57-55-6• EC: 200-338-0• 分子式: C3H8O2• 摩尔质量: 76.09 g/mol危险GHS危险说明：（供应商自我分类——不具约束力）H336 H370 H372P304+P340 P308+P316 P319 P321 P501 P403+P233 P405 P260 P261 P264P270 P271Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX Londonpure@molgod.orgmolgod.org批号: 净含量:
Deskryptory Lipinskiego (struktura)
正在加载ADMET预测…
🧪 溶液配制助手（Smart Prep）

输入您要制备的内容——我将生成SOP

示例如下——点击插入：
预设配方：
📚 科学文献概览 — CAS 57-55-6
⭐ 关键发现（科学文献） 16 出版物
🏆 CAS 57-55-6 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30%引用·20%近期性·20%主题·15%历史·15%开放获取.
  1. #1
    et al. (2002) · European Journal of Biochemistry
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 9.54 机制 Citations: 78 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  2. #2
    et al. (2021) · Molecules
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 8.96 工业 Citations: 3 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  3. #3
    Lan-Hee Yang; Kyeong Eun Park; Sungho Yoon (2022) · Materials
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 8.88 机制 Citations: 2 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  4. #4
    Alexander A. Bredikhin, Zemfira A. Bredikhina, Aida I. Samigullina et al. (2023) · Molbank
    重要性： 近期（2023） · open access
    SCORE 7.75 机制 Open Access DOI ↗
  5. #5
    Md. Ahad Ali; Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan (2023) · ACS Omega
    重要性： 近期（2023） · open access
    SCORE 7.58 机制 Citations: 2 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  6. #6
    et al. (2018) · EFSA Journal
    重要性： Open access
    SCORE 7.26 药理学 Citations: 3 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  7. #7
    et al. (2017) · Food Chemistry
    重要性： 通过多标准评分选择（引用+近期性+主题+历史+开放获取）。
    SCORE 6.83 分析 Citations: 5 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  8. #8
    et al. (2002) · Food Additives and Contaminants
    重要性： 通过多标准评分选择（引用+近期性+主题+历史+开放获取）。
    SCORE 6.53 机制 Citations: 80 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  9. #9
    et al. (2012) · Biochemical Pharmacology
    重要性： 通过多标准评分选择（引用+近期性+主题+历史+开放获取）。
    SCORE 5.92 机制 Citations: 31 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  10. #10
    et al. (2015) · Food Chemistry
    重要性： 通过多标准评分选择（引用+近期性+主题+历史+开放获取）。
    SCORE 5.83 机制 Citations: 14 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  11. #11
    Anna Martínez-Cabot; Anna Morató; Angel Messeguer (2005) · Chemical Research in Toxicology
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    SCORE 4.24 机制 Citations: 13 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  12. #12
    et al. (1987) · Cryobiology
    重要性： 通过多标准评分选择（引用+近期性+主题+历史+开放获取）。
    SCORE 3.34 药理学 Citations: 12 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  13. #13
    et al. (1982)
    重要性： 通过多标准评分选择（引用+近期性+主题+历史+开放获取）。
    SCORE 3.34 机制 Citations: 12 PubMed ↗
  14. #14
    et al. (1996) · Cryobiology
    重要性： 通过多标准评分选择（引用+近期性+主题+历史+开放获取）。
    SCORE 3.12 机制 Citations: 10 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  15. #15
    F.G. Arnaud; D.E. Pegg (1990) · Cryobiology
    重要性： 通过多标准评分选择（引用+近期性+主题+历史+开放获取）。
    SCORE 3 机制 Citations: 9 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  16. #16
    et al. (2005) · Biotechnology Letters
    重要性： 通过多标准评分选择（引用+近期性+主题+历史+开放获取）。
    SCORE 2.61 机制 Citations: 3 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗

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Propylene Glycol(Pharma Grade) – Propylene Glycol(Pharma Grade) – Products — CAS 57-55-6. Listed by Tangshan Solvents. Prepared from the supplier’s public catalogue; not verified against their internal data.

📄 分析证书（CoA） CAS 57-55-6 无

数据库中无此产品的证书。

📚 科学参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开

批次管理与实验室认证标准——13个独立来源（ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG）。

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [链接 ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [链接 ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [链接 ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [链接 ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [链接 ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [链接 ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [链接 ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [链接 ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [链接 ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [链接 ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [链接 ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [链接 ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📜 专利（公开元数据） 无数据

目前未在Crossref/OpenAlex中找到该物质的公开专利元数据。数据将在下次缓存刷新（24小时）后自动更新。

📚 参考文献（芝加哥作者-日期格式）——点击展开
  1. (2023). "Molecular-Level Interactions in Binary Mixtures of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate and Propane-1,2-diol: The Interplay between Intermolecular and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c03457
  2. Alexander A. Bredikhin, Zemfira A. Bredikhina, Aida I. Samigullina et al.. (2023). "3-(2-Chloro-5-methylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol". Molbank. https://doi.org/10.3390/M1624
  3. (2022). "Synthesis and Hydrophilicity Analysis of bis(propane-1,2-diol) Terminated Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs).". https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030753
  4. et al.. (2021). "The Additive Influence of Propane-1,2-Diol on SDS Micellar Structure and Properties.". https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123773
  5. et al.. (2018). "Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol (E 1520) as a food additive.". https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5235
  6. et al.. (2018). "Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol alginate (E 405) as a food additive.". https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5371
  7. et al.. (2018). "Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids (E 477) as a food additive.". https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5497
  8. et al.. (2017). "Validated method for the determination of propane-1,2-diol, butane-2,3-diol, and propane-1,3-diol in cheese and bacterial cultures using phenylboronic esterification and GC-MS.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.069
  9. José J. Cano-Gómez, Gustavo A. Iglesias-Silva, Luis D. Cortez-Sánchez et al.. (2017). "Densities and Viscosities for Binary Liquid Mixtures of Butan-1-ol + Propane-1,2-diol, + Butane-1,2-diol and 2-Methylpropan-1-ol + Propane-1,2-diol, + Butane-1,2-diol from 298.15 to 333.15 K at 0.1 MPa". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.7b00621
  10. et al.. (2015). "Solubility and thermodynamic behavior of vanillin in propane-1,2-diol+water cosolvent mixtures at different temperatures.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.113
  11. Changsheng Yang, Xue Feng, Yankai Sun et al.. (2015). "Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium for Two Binary Systems{Propane-1,2-diol + Ethane-1,2-diol and Propane-1,2-diol + Butane-1,2-diol} at p = (10.0, 20.0, and 40.0) kPa". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. https://doi.org/10.1021/je5010824
  12. et al.. (2012). "3-(4-(tert-Octyl)phenoxy)propane-1,2-diol suppresses inflammatory responses via inhibition of multiple kinases.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.018
  13. (2005). "Synthesis and stability studies of the glutathione and N-acetylcysteine adducts of an iminoquinone reactive intermediate generated in the biotransformation of 3-(N-phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol: implications for toxic oil syndrome.". https://doi.org/10.1021/tx050171n
  14. et al.. (2005). "Novel mutual pro-drugs of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine with 3-octadecyloxy-propane-1,2-diol by straightforward enzymatic regioselective synthesis in acetone.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-004-7335-1
  15. et al.. (2002). "The crystal structure of coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase in complex with cobalamin and propane-1,2-diol.". https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03151.x
  16. et al.. (2002). "Occurrence of 3-chloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and related compounds in foods: a review.". https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030210132391
  17. et al.. (1996). "Cryopreservation of human skin with propane-1,2-diol.". https://doi.org/10.1006/cryo.1996.0056
  18. (1990). "Cryopreservation of human platelets with propane-1,2-diol.". https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2240(90)90004-n
  19. et al.. (1987). "Perfusion of rabbit kidneys with solutions containing propane-1,2-diol.". https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2240(87)90045-9
  20. et al.. (1982). "A pharmacological study of propane-1,2-diol.".
  21. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
  22. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
  23. European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
  24. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  25. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  26. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  27. Meanwell, Nicholas A. 2011. "Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 54 (8): 2529-2591.
  28. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of Synthetic Accessibility Score of Drug-Like Molecules Based on Molecular Complexity and Fragment Contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  29. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  30. Allison, John R., and Mark A. Lemley. 1998. "Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents." AIPLA Quarterly Journal 26 (3): 185-275.
  31. Patani, George A., and Edmond J. LaVoie. 1996. "Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design." Chemical Reviews 96 (8): 3147-3176.
  32. Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/patents/57-55-6?status=active&limit=10

数据来自PubChem来源： PubChem (NIH) · ChEMBL
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📚 参考文献（综合书目，芝加哥作者-日期格式） 78 条目

以上折叠面板中针对CAS号57-55-6引用的所有科学来源。格式： 《芝加哥格式手册》第17版，作者-日期系统.

🗄️ 科学数据库

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 57-55-6. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=57-55-6.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 57-55-6. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 57-55-6. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=57-55-6.

📐 标准/指南

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 书籍

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  3. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  4. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 科学文章（同行评审）

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 网站

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
  6. ECHA. 2022. "Restrictions Under REACH — Annex XVII." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach.
  7. United Nations. 2021. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 9th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.9. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/ghs-rev9-2021.
  8. ECHA. 2020. "Understanding REACH." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/understanding-reach.
  9. Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014). n.d. "Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014): CAS 57-55-6."
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "USP <621> Chromatography." In United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42. Rockville, MD: USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "2.2.46 Chromatographic Separation Techniques." In European Pharmacopoeia, 11th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
  12. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2022. "ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/ICH_Q2%28R2%29_Guideline_2022_1130.pdf.
  13. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1996. "ICH Q3A: Impurities in New Drug Substances." International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  14. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/66912.html.
  15. Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits, and Philip J. Elving, eds. 1978. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  16. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2018. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  17. Christian, Gary D., Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kevin A. Schug. 2014. Analytical Chemistry. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  18. EURACHEM/CITAC. 2012. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement." 3rd ed. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4. https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
  19. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. "ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/11834.html.
  20. Heckert, N. A., and J. J. Filliben. 2003. "NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods." NIST Handbook 151. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/.
  21. Grubbs, Frank E. 1950. "Sample Criteria for Testing Outlying Observations." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (1): 27–58.
  22. Dixon, Wilfrid J. 1950. "Analysis of Extreme Values." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 21 (4): 488–506.
  23. Snedecor, George W., and William G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
  24. Student [William Sealy Gosset]. 1908. "The Probable Error of a Mean." Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25.
  25. International Organization for Standardization. 2005. "ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and Symbols — Part 1: General Statistical Terms and Terms Used in Probability." Geneva: ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/40145.html.
  26. Thompson, Michael, Stephen L. R. Ellison, and Roger Wood. 2002. "Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 835–855.
  27. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2024. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Applicable as from 1 January 2025 (ECE/TRANS/352). Geneva: UNECE. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/adr-2025-edition.
  28. International Air Transport Association. 2026. Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). 67th ed. Montreal: IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/.
  29. International Maritime Organization. 2024. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, 2024 Edition (Amendment 42-24). London: IMO. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx.
  30. United Nations. 2025. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations (Orange Book). 24th revised ed. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.24. New York and Geneva: United Nations. https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-model-regulations.
  31. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2025. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284). 2025–2026 ed. Montreal: ICAO. https://www.icao.int/safety/DangerousGoods/Pages/technical-instructions.aspx.
  32. European Commission. 2014. "Commission Decision 2014/955/EU on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC." Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014D0955.
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📜 许可与来源
模型
propylene glycol · 57-55-6
许可协议
CC BY 4.0 International (来源权利 未确定 — 尚未授予)
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MolGod Scientific
许可与来源记录
propylene glycol (CAS 57-55-6) →
MolGod 分子记录
propylene glycol →
源数据
PubChem CID 1030 ↗
SHA-256 (STL)
1caad87b6ff999b82339860042e52b140d7ff8d1feb1097387f9dd25172d6cc8
Wikimedia Commons
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