aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) (CAS 50-78-2) — Safety Data Sheet, CAS 50-78-2 — chemical product label

aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) (CAS 50-78-2) — Safety Data Sheet

  • CAS: 50-78-2

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Get the full details for CAS 50-78-2

Sixteen sections in the structure of REACH Annex II, the harmonised classification, and the source behind every value — issued in one language you choose.

A sheet that fails inspection stops the shipment, not the paperwork.

Tell us where to send it. We reply within one working day.

We reply within one working day.

Working draft €49.99 · expert-reviewed €249.99, per substance.

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Everything your compliance officer will ask for, in one file.

  • The product page as PDF — the record as published, so what you forward matches what you read.
  • The safety data sheet at your entitlement level — sixteen sections in the order set by REACH Annex II, for this substance, in the language you select.
  • The CLP label artwork — generated from the same classification as the sheet, so the two cannot disagree.
  • The specification, and the certificate of analysis where batch data exists.
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These switch the language of this page. Single substances. Mixtures on enquiry. One document, one language — additional languages are priced separately. Every version, including the Chinese one, is written to EU law — (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) Annex II and (EU) 2020/878 — and translated from it. The Chinese version is a reference translation, not a legally valid document for the Chinese market: an SDS for China must be compiled separately to GB/T 16483 and GB/T 17519.

🧬 Visualizzatore di molecole 3D
Caricamento molecola...
Modello 3D Aspirin, CAS 50-78-2, formula molecolare C9H8O4, massa molare 180.16 g/mol

Dati trascritti da registri normativi e letteratura tecnica, con indicazione della fonte e dell'edizione. Non sostituiscono la scheda di dati di sicurezza del fornitore. I campi privi di fonte registrata sono contrassegnati come tali.

📊 Dati chimico-fisici — CAS 50-78-2
📊 Proprietà fisico-chimiche

Riferimento rapido

Formula: C9H8O4
MW: 180.16 g/mol
CAS: 50-78-2
🔬 Proprietà avanzate

Identificatori chimici

SMILES: CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C(=O)O

Ultimo aggiornamento: 2026-09-28

Panoramica chimica: Aspirin
Formula molecolareC9H8O4
Peso molecolare180.16 g/mol
Punto di fusione135 °C[1]
Densità1.4 g/cm³[1]
LogP (lipofilia)1.19[1]
pKa3.5[1]
Nome IUPAC2-acetyloxybenzoic acid
SMILESCC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C(=O)O
InChIKeyBSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Sinonimi: Aspiryna · Aspirin · Acetylsalicylic acid · Acenter

Fonti dei dati: PubChem (NLM/NIH), Merck Index 15th ed. (2013)
Ultimo aggiornamento: 2026-10-01

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (1 sources)
  1. O'Neil, M.J., ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 15th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013. si applica a: Punto di fusione · Densità · LogP (lipofilia) · pKa
Stato normativo della sostanza
Nessuna voce per questo CAS negli elenchi di restrizioni consultati (lista di candidati SVHC, REACH Allegato XVII; insiemi di dati incompleti - questa non è una conferma di conformità). Classificazione CLP e stato di trasporto (ADR): vedere la sezione GHS e la scheda di dati di sicurezza (SDS).
🧮 Calcolatore stechiometrico
🧪 Dati chimici
Numero CAS
50-78-2
Formula molecolare
C9H8O4
Massa molare
180.16 g/mol
Nome IUPAC (EN)
2-acetyloxybenzoic acid
SMILES
CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C(=O)O
InChIKey
BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Density
1.4000 g/cm³ @ 25°C

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-09-28

🔍 Identificatori esterni
14 su 16 sistemi ID88%
DatabaseIdentificatoreAzioni
CAS Registry Number50-78-2Apri →
PubChem CID2244[1]Apri →
InChIKeyBSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]Apri →
InChIInChI=1S/C9H8O4/c1-6(10)13-8-5-3-2-4-7(8)9(11)12…[1]
SMILESCC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C(=O)O[1]
EC Number200-064-1[2]Apri →
DrugBankDB00945Apri →
KEGG CompoundD00109Apri →
HMDBHMDB0001879Apri →
ChemSpider2157[3]Apri →
MeSH UID (NLM)D001241Apri →
UNII (FDA)R16CO5Y76EApri →
NSC Number (NCI)406186Apri →
WikiData QIDQ18216Apri →

Fonti: PubChem (NIH), Wikidata SPARQL, KEGG, ChEMBL (EBI), CompTox CTX (EPA).

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) (3 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ si applica a: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ si applica a: EC Number
  3. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ si applica a: ChemSpider

Ulteriori letture

Pubblicazioni tematicamente correlate a questo CAS. Non sono la fonte di alcun valore riportato in questa scheda.

Bibliografia (estesa) (8)

  1. ★★★★★ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 Paywall (probable) ✓ verificato Drew, D.A.; Cao, Y.; Chan, A.T.. 2020. "Aspirin and colorectal cancer: the promise of precision chemoprevention." Nature Reviews Cancer. link [consultato: 2026-10-07]
  2. ★★★★★ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 Paywall (probable) ✓ verificato Vane, J.R.. 1971. "Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs." Nature New Biology. link [consultato: 2026-10-07]
  3. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ non verificato Kirley, Kate. 2015. "Aspirin for all?." Evidence-Based Practice 18 (3): 5. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ebp.0000540912.52034.5f. link [consultato: 2026-10-07] CC0 (metadata)
  4. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ non verificato &NA;. 1992. "Aspirin for all angina patients." Inpharma Weekly &NA; (868): 13. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199208680-00031. link [consultato: 2026-10-07] CC0 (metadata)
  5. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ non verificato Orme, M.. 1988. "Aspirin all round?." BMJ 296 (6618): 307-308. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.296.6618.307. link [consultato: 2026-10-07] CC0 (metadata)
  6. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ non verificato Anonymous. 1956. "Lowly Aspirin Rides High." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 34 (51): 6186. https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v034n051.p6186. link [consultato: 2026-10-07] CC0 (metadata)
  7. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ non verificato Anonymous. "Table S1: Detailed information for all 79 proteins which have similar binding sites of aspirin (BSAs).". https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1791/supp-1. link [consultato: 2026-10-07] CC0 (metadata)
  8. ½☆☆☆☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS ❓ ? Hoffmann, F. (Bayer AG). 1899. "Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) — first commercial synthesis." Bayer (German Patent DRP 36433 issued earlier to Kraut/Gerhardt). [consultato: 2026-10-07]
📡 Spettroscopia — CAS 50-78-2
📊 Banche dati di spettri spettroscopici — dati inline 9 sources

Gli spettri vengono recuperati su richiesta da 9 fonti. Ogni spettro viene salvato nel nostro database — l'apertura successiva = zero richieste all'API esterna. Scarica JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG per ogni spettro senza dover cercare.

IR IR (Infrared) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ Clicca per caricare lo spettro
🔗 Source
— points
📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
MS (NIST) Mass Spectrum (EI) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ Clicca per caricare lo spettro
🔗 Source
— points
📚 NIST Standard Reference Database 1A
UV-Vis UV/Visible Absorption — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ Clicca per caricare lo spettro
🔗 Source
— points
📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
¹H NMR NMR (¹H, ¹³C) — NMRShiftDB
nmrshiftdb2 Database License
https://nmrshiftdb.nmr.uni-koeln.de/nmrshiftdbhtml/nmrshiftdb2datalicense.txt
Type of data: Type of data not reported by the source (may be measured or calculated)
These values are fetched from NMRShiftDB when you click Show; MolGod holds no record of their type.
▶ Clicca per caricare lo spettro
🔗 Source
About the downloads (Type of data: Type of data not reported by the source (may be measured or calculated))
JCAMP: the NMRShiftDB file as received (JCAMP-DX 5.01 text). It is a peak list: chemical shift in ppm. MolGod adds header lines stating the type of data; the values are unchanged.
CSV: the same peak list in two columns. The second column repeats the shift value; it is not a signal intensity. Lines starting with # state the type of data.
PNG: a picture of the plot above, with the type of data written on it.
Use: where signals are expected or were reported (chemical shift positions). Not included or guaranteed: intensities, multiplicities, coupling constants, line shapes, and solvent or temperature unless stated. A predicted list is not a measurement and cannot serve as a reference spectrum for identity or purity testing. Downloads become active after Show.
— points
📚 Steinbeck C et al. (2003) J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 43(1):10–16 DOI: 10.1021/ci025588g
MS (MoNA) MoNA — MassBank of North America
CC-BY 4.0
▶ Clicca per caricare lo spettro
🔗 Source
— points
📚 MassBank of North America (UC Davis) DOI: 10.1002/jms.1777
IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) SDBS — Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (Japan AIST)
Free for non-commercial

Fonte di riferimento — nessuna API pubblica. Apri nella banca dati esterna:

🔗 IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) →
📚 SDBSWeb: https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp (AIST, Japan)
JP Monograph Japanese Pharmacopoeia — Monographs
Reference only

Fonte di riferimento — nessuna API pubblica. Apri nella banca dati esterna:

🔗 JP Monograph →
📚 Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th Edition (2021)
WHO INN WHO — International Nonproprietary Names
WHO Model Lists (free)

Fonte di riferimento — nessuna API pubblica. Apri nella banca dati esterna:

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📚 WHO INN Programme
DOAJ DOAJ — Directory of Open Access Journals
OA journal index (mixed)

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🔗 DOAJ →
📚 DOAJ — doaj.org

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Dati recuperati in tempo reale da più fonti (priority-chain). JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG disponibili per il download sotto ogni spettro.

IR — infrarosso in trasformata di Fourier

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MS — spettrometria di massa (EI 70eV)

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Proprietà strutturali

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❓ Domande frequenti (3)
What is 50-78-2?
50-78-2 (CAS 50-78-2) is a chemical compound. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
Utile?
What is the CAS number of 50-78-2?
The CAS number for 50-78-2 is 50-78-2. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
Utile?
How should 50-78-2 be stored?
50-78-2 should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
Utile?
➕ Suggerisci una domanda
Scarica i file di struttura

File di struttura molecolare dal database PubChem (NIH). Compatibili con i programmi: Avogadro, PyMOL, Jmol, ChemDraw.

Fonte: PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH). CID: 2244

🔄 Convertitore di unità di concentrazione LIVE

Inserisci la concentrazione Aspirin in qualsiasi unità — il resto verrà calcolato automaticamente.

MW: 180.16 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ Formule di conversione + citazioni (per formula)
ConversionFormulaAccuratezzaSource
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 Bibliografia (8 fonti autorevoli)
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
Strutture molecolari simili

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🧪 Procedura guidata di preparazione della soluzione WIZARD
① Seleziona la concentrazione
② Volume finale
③ Solvente

Calcoli secondo: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

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🛡️ Sicurezza — CAS 50-78-2
Avviso sulle limitazioni dei dati. Le informazioni sulla sicurezza contenute in questa pagina hanno carattere informativo e non sostituiscono la scheda di dati di sicurezza (SDS) completa. Prima di utilizzare il prodotto, consultare la scheda di dati di sicurezza aggiornata del produttore e le linee guida GHS/CLP. La classificazione CLP riguarda la sostanza pura bulk, non i preparati commerciali.

Classificazione GHS/CLP — Regolamento (CE) n. 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).

⚠ Attenzione (Warning)
GHS07 — Irritante / nocivo
GHS07 Irritante / nocivo

🚨 Indicazioni di pericolo (H)

  • H302 — Nocivo se ingerito.
  • H315 — Provoca irritazione cutanea.

🛡 Consigli di prudenza (P)

  • P260 — Non respirare la polvere/i fumi/i gas/la nebbia/i vapori/gli aerosol.
  • P270 — Non mangiare, né bere, né fumare durante l’uso.

⚠ Classificazione basata sul consenso delle fonti (PubChem / notifiche dei fornitori) — non verificata rispetto alla classificazione armonizzata dell'allegato VI (CLP). L'ambito dei pericoli può essere più ampio della classificazione ufficiale; prima dell'uso verificare con la scheda di dati di sicurezza aggiornata del fornitore.

Traduzioni: Regolamento CLP (CE) 1272/2008, Allegato III e IV. Dati: PubChem/NLM.

📚 Riferimenti scientifici consolidati — Chicago Author-Date 10 sources

Riferimenti raccolti da tutte le schede del Safety Hub. CAS: 50-78-2 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Regulation (EC) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Normative
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Primo soccorso, Tossicologia
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Primo soccorso, DPI, Tossicologia
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] DPI
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Smaltimento, Normative
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Stoccaggio
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Stoccaggio
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. Norme nazionali — Polonia [↗] Smaltimento
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Tossicologia

Le schede con riferimenti propri (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) contengono ulteriori voci bibliografiche all'interno delle rispettive sezioni.

📈 Statistica analitica (t-test · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

Incolla una serie di misure replicate (CSV oppure un numero per riga). Il calcolatore calcolerà la media, la deviazione standard e il 95% CI, e rileverà gli outlier (Grubbs + Dixon Q).

Separatore: virgola, spazio, tab, nuova riga. Min 3 misurazioni.
📐 Formule statistiche
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — media aritmetica
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — varianza campionaria
  • s = √s² — deviazione standard
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — deviazione standard relativa
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — test di Grubbs
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

Fonte: ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 Calcolatore di ricette per tamponi UNIQUE
Bibliografia: Valori di pKa da Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

Scegli un tampone dall'elenco di 20 sistemi popolari → inserisci il pH target → otterrai una ricetta esatta con le masse da pesare.

Passo 1: Scegli un sistema tampone

📜 Cronologia delle ricette (ultime 10)
🚚 Classificazione di trasporto (ADR / IATA / IMDG)
✅ Non soggetto alle normative di trasporto

Sostanza classificata come non pericolosa per il trasporto stradale (ADR), aereo (IATA) e marittimo (IMDG).

Source: ADR 2025 (Not regulated)

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Classe:
Not regulated

Fonti: ADR 2025 ↗ · IATA DGR ↗ · IMDG Code ↗

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🧪 Solubilità e compatibilità con i solventi
Molecola
Aspirin
Formula
C9H8O4
logP (XLogP3)
1.19
Massa (g/mol)
180.16
Polarità
Moderata

⚠️ Stima HSP (letteratura / group contribution). Dati indicativi — non sostituiscono le prove sperimentali.

Ra < R₀ = buona miscibilità · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = al limite · oltre = scarsa (R₀ — raggio della sfera di Hansen di questa molecola) Per questa molecola R₀ = 8..

Solvente Compat. Ra Visuale GC-MS HPLC Applications Riferimenti
Water (H₂O)4.6 g/L (misurato)35.1
✗ NoA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)− Scarsa14.9
✗ NoA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)− Scarsa18.2
✗ NoA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetone− Scarsa13.0
✗ NoB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)− Scarsa16.4
✗ NoB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSO~ Media10.2
✗ NoN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THF~ Media10.5
✗ NoB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)~ Media8.5
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)~ Media10.6
✓ YesN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexane− Scarsa19.1
✓ YesA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene− Scarsa13.2
✓ YesB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 Riferimenti scientifici per i solventi (Chicago Author-Date) — clicca per espandere

11 solventi · 54 citazioni complete (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — di seguito.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia obwodowa (n-Heksan NIE jest kancerogenem IARC)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
Teoria della solubilità (applicata nella previsione della compatibilità):
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — Tripletta HSP (dD, dP, dH) + formula Ra.
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solwatochromia.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution dla dD/dP/dH z SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — Set tabulare completo di 250+ solventi (ε, μ, donicità, numeri di accettore).
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 50-78-2 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Bibliografia completa nell'accordion RIFERIMENTI (in fondo alla pagina) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

⚗️ Verifica la compatibilità della reazione

Verifica se Aspirin è compatibile con un altro reagente

📦 Matrice di compatibilità di stoccaggio
Acidi Bases Ossidanti Infiammabile Tossico Gazy
Acidi ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Bases ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
Ossidanti ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Infiammabile ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
Tossico ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ Conservabili insieme · ⚠ Attenzione · ✗ NON conservare insieme · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

Dati di compatibilità da: Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 Calcolatori da laboratorio (8)
Dilution (C₁V₁=C₂V₂)
Molarità (M=n/V)
Tampone pH (Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Beer-Lambert (A=εcl)
Massa → Moli
Concentration % → M
ppm → mg/L
Temperature C↔F↔K

Formule verificate: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 Database di spettri spettroscopici
📋 Generatore di protocolli di laboratorio

Protocollo generato sulla base di: GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ Generatore di etichette (QR)
Aspirin• Aspiryna / Acetylsalicylic acid• IUPAC: 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid• CAS: 50-78-2• EC: 200-064-1• Formula: C9H8O4• Massa: 180.16 g/molATTENZIONEINDICAZIONI DI PERICOLO GHS:(autoclassificazione dei fornitori — non vincolante)H302 H315P260 P270Solo per uso di laboratorio!Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX London[email protected]molgod.orgN. lotto: Massa netta:
Descrittori di Lipinski (struttura)
Caricamento delle predizioni ADMET…
⏳ Consulente di stabilità & durata di conservazione Arrhenius
Metodologia: Arrhenius equation k = A·exp(-Ea/RT). Citazione: Connors KA et al. 1986 · ICH Q1A(R2)

Inserisci le condizioni di conservazione → l'algoritmo di Arrhenius prevedrà la concentrazione residua, il tempo di dimezzamento e la raccomandazione d'uso.

Segni visivi di degradazione:
  • Vinegar odor = hydrolysis
❄️ Raccomandazioni di conservazione
Temperature:
15-25°C, dry
Light:
Protect
Container:
Amber glass, desiccant
Incompatible:
Moisture (hydrolysis→salicylic+acetic)
🧪 Assistente di preparazione della soluzione (Smart Prep)

Inserisci cosa vuoi preparare — genererò una SOP

Esempi qui sotto — clicca per inserire:
Ricette predefinite:
📚 Panoramica della letteratura scientifica — CAS 50-78-2
⭐ Risultati principali (letteratura scientifica) 10 publications
🏆 CAS 50-78-2 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% citazioni · 20% recency · 20% topic · 15% historical · 15% open access.
  1. #1
    Vane, J.R. (1971) · Nature New Biology
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · alto impatto (4920 citazioni)
    SCORE 14.93 Meccanismo MUST-CITE Citazioni: 4920 DOI ↗
  2. #2
    ISIS-2 Collaborative Group (1988) · The Lancet
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · classico (7 400 citazioni)
    SCORE 13.86 Farmacologia MUST-CITE Citazioni: 7400 DOI ↗
  3. #3
    McNeil, J.J.; Wolfe, R.; Woods, R.L.; Tonkin, A.M.; Donnan, G.A. et al. (ASPREE) (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · alto impatto (1080 citazioni)
    SCORE 13.75 Farmacologia MUST-CITE Citazioni: 1080 DOI ↗
  4. #4
    Loll, P.J.; Picot, D.; Garavito, R.M. (1995) · Nature Structural Biology
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 890 citazioni
    SCORE 13.05 Meccanismo MUST-CITE Citazioni: 890 DOI ↗
  5. #5
    Drew, D.A.; Cao, Y.; Chan, A.T. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cancer
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 540 citazioni · rassegna
    SCORE 13 Rassegna MUST-CITE Citazioni: 540 DOI ↗
  6. #6
    Antithrombotic Trialists' (ATT) Collaboration (2009) · The Lancet
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · alto impatto (3200 citazioni)
    SCORE 12.77 Farmacologia MUST-CITE Citazioni: 3200 DOI ↗
  7. #7
    Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) — first commercial synthesis
    Hoffmann, F. (Bayer AG) (1899) · Bayer (German Patent DRP 36433 issued earlier to Kraut/Gerhardt)
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 180 citazioni · articolo storico (1899)
    SCORE 9.82 Storica MUST-CITE Citazioni: 180
  8. #8
    Patrono, C.; Baigent, C. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cardiology
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 420 citazioni · rassegna
    SCORE 9.67 Rassegna MUST-CITE Citazioni: 420 DOI ↗
  9. #9
    Bochner, F.; Somogyi, A.A.; Wilson, K.M. (2003) · Journal of Chromatography B
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 140 citazioni
    SCORE 8.05 Analitica MUST-CITE Citazioni: 140 DOI ↗
  10. #10
    Sneader, W. (2005) · BMJ
    Perché è importante: Must-cite (canone) · 210 citazioni
    SCORE 6.97 Industria MUST-CITE Citazioni: 210 DOI ↗

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⚗️ Jonizacja w funkcji pH (Henderson-Hasselbalch)

Typ: Kwas · pKa: 3.5

024681012140%50%100%% zjonizowany% niejonowypH
pH% jonowy% niejonowy
00.0 %100.0 %
23.1 %96.9 %
476.0 %24.0 %
699.7 %0.3 %
8100.0 %0.0 %
10100.0 %0.0 %
12100.0 %0.0 %
14100.0 %0.0 %
Fonti per questa sostanza (8)
  • CRC Handbook 91st ed.
    Lide, David R., ed. 2010. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • CRC Handbook 105th ed.
    Haynes, William M., David R. Lide, and Thomas J. Bruno, eds. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • NIST WebBook — link
    Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook. NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  • PubChem CID 2244 — link
    Kim, Sunghwan, Jie Chen, Tiejun Cheng, Asta Gindulyte, Jia He, Siqian He, Qingliang Li, et al. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D1373-D1380. PubChem CID 2244.
  • DrugBank DB00945 — link
    Knox, Craig, Mike Wilson, Christen M. Klinger, Mark Franklin, Eponine Oler, Alex Wilson, Allison Pon, et al. 2024. "DrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1265-D1275. DrugBank ID DB00945.
  • ChEMBL CHEMBL25 — link
    Zdrazil, Barbara, Eloy Felix, Fiona Hunter, Emma J. Manners, James Blackshaw, Sybilla Corbett, Marleen de Veij, et al. 2024. "The ChEMBL Database in 2023." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1180-D1192. ChEMBL ID CHEMBL25.
  • IUPAC
    Serjeant, E. P., and Boyd Dempsey. 1979. Ionisation Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC Chemical Data Series No. 23. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Bibliografia metody (Chicago)
  • Henderson, L. J. 1908. "Concerning the Relationship between the Strength of Acids and Their Capacity to Preserve Neutrality." American Journal of Physiology 21 (4): 173-179.
  • Hasselbalch, K. A. 1917. "Die Berechnung der Wasserstoffzahl des Blutes aus der freien und gebundenen Kohlensäure desselben." Biochemische Zeitschrift 78: 112-144.
  • Po, Henry N., and N. M. Senozan. 2001. "The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation: Its History and Limitations." Journal of Chemical Education 78 (11): 1499-1503.
  • Avdeef, Alex. 2012. "Absorption and Drug Development: Solubility, Permeability, and Charge State." 2nd ed. Wiley.
  • Avdeef, Alex. 2007. "Solubility of sparingly-soluble ionizable drugs." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 59 (7): 568-590.
  • Volgyi, Gergely, et al. 2007. "Potentiometric and spectrophotometric pKa determination of water-insoluble compounds." Analytica Chimica Acta 583 (2): 418-428.
  • Fini, Adamo, Giuseppe Fazio, and Giuseppina Feroci. 1997. "Solubility and solubilization properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae 70 (4): 305-318.
  • Mauger, John W., Anthony N. Paruta, and Robert J. Gerraughty. 1972. "Solubilities of sulfadiazine, sulfisomidine, and sulfadimethoxine." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 61 (1): 94-97.
  • Lyman, Warren J., William F. Reehl, and David H. Rosenblatt. 1990. "Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods." American Chemical Society.
  • Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. "The Properties of Solvents." Wiley.
  • Serjeant, E. P., and Boyd Dempsey. 1979. Ionisation Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC Chemical Data Series No. 23. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Perrin, Douglas D. 1965. Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC. London: Butterworths.
  • Goldberg, Robert N., Nand Kishore, and Rebecca Lennen. 2002. "Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 31 (2): 231-370.
  • Rumble, John R., Thomas J. Bruno, Maria J. Doa, and Donald R. Burgess, eds. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Lide, David R., ed. 2010. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Kim, Sunghwan, Jie Chen, Tiejun Cheng, Asta Gindulyte, Jia He, Siqian He, Qingliang Li, et al. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D1373-D1380.
  • Knox, Craig, Mike Wilson, Christen M. Klinger, Mark Franklin, Eponine Oler, Alex Wilson, Allison Pon, et al. 2024. "DrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1265-D1275.
  • Zdrazil, Barbara, Eloy Felix, Fiona Hunter, Emma J. Manners, James Blackshaw, Sybilla Corbett, Marleen de Veij, et al. 2024. "The ChEMBL Database in 2023." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1180-D1192.
  • Kanehisa, Minoru, Miho Furumichi, Yoko Sato, Masayuki Kawashima, and Mari Ishiguro-Watanabe. 2023. "KEGG for taxonomy-based analysis of pathways and genomes." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D587-D592.
  • Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook. NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  • Nelson, David L., and Michael M. Cox. 2017. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 7th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman.
📄 Certificati di Analisi (CoA) CAS 50-78-2 nessuno

Nessun certificato per questo prodotto nel database.

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date) — fare clic per espandere

Standard di gestione dei lotti e di certificazione di laboratorio — 13 fonti indipendenti (ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG).

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [link ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [link ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [link ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [link ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [link ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [link ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [link ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [link ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [link ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [link ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [link ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [link ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📈 Predittore dello spettro UV-VIS (200-400 nm) λmax 226 nm
0%25%50%75%100%200250300350400226 nmA = ε·c·lA / Aₘₐₓ (%)
CompostoAspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
λmax226 nm
λmin246 nm
εmax (M⁻¹·cm⁻¹)11,600
Solvente (query)water
Solvente (riferimento)methanol
Concentration (M)1e-4
Lunghezza del cammino ottico (cm)1
FWHM della curva40 nm

Modello: curva gaussiana centrata su λmax con scalatura secondo Beer-Lambert A = ε · c · l. Trasmittanza T = 10^(-A) · 100%.

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2023. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. [DOI]
  2. Mayerhöfer, Thomas G., Samir Pahlow, and Jürgen Popp. 2020. "The Bouguer-Beer-Lambert Law: Shining Light on the Obscure." ChemPhysChem 21 (18): 2029-2046. [DOI]
  3. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2017. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-305-57721-3.
  4. Lindon, John C., George E. Tranter, and David W. Koppenaal, eds. 2017. "Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry." 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-803224-4.
  5. Field, Leslie D., Sev Sternhell, and John R. Kalman. 2013. "Organic Structures from Spectra." 5th ed. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-96582-6.
  6. Reusch, William. 2013. "Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry: Spectroscopy." East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.
  7. Lampman, Gary M., Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, and James R. Vyvyan. 2010. "Spectroscopy." 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-88992-9.
  8. Kalsi, P. S. 2010. "Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds." 6th ed. New Delhi: New Age International. ISBN 978-81-224-2032-9.
  9. Williams, Dudley H., and Ian Fleming. 2008. "Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry." 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-711559-0.
  10. Sadek, Paul C. 2002. The HPLC Solvent Guide. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-41242-2.
  11. Banwell, Colin N., and Elaine M. McCash. 1994. "Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy." 4th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-707976-1.
  12. Perkampus, Heinz-Helmut. 1992. UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Its Applications. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77479-9.
  13. Fieser, Louis F. 1949. "Extension of Woodward's Rules for Prediction of Conjugated Diene Absorption." Journal of the American Chemical Society 71 (5): 1854-1857. [DOI]
  14. Woodward, Robert B. 1942. "Structure and the Absorption Spectra of Alpha,Beta-Unsaturated Ketones." Journal of the American Chemical Society 64 (1): 72-75. [DOI]
  15. Beer, August. 1852. "Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Flüssigkeiten." Annalen der Physik und Chemie 86: 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18521620505.
  16. Lambert, Johann Heinrich. 1760. Photometria. Augsburg: Sumptibus Vidae.

📖 Il valore λmax = 226 nm proviene da una banca dati o dalla letteratura. Nessun controllo incrociato indipendente (NIST / CrossRef / PubChem) — verifica incrociata non disponibile.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/spectra/uv-vis/50-78-2?solvent=water&path_length_cm=1

☣️ Tossicità (LD50 / LC50) GHS Cat 3 — Moderata
LD50
200 mg/kg[1]
Gatunek / droga
Rat / doustnie
Klasyfikacja
Moderately toxic[2][3]
Skala GHS (Acute Toxicity, oral, mg/kg bw):
Cat 1 (≤5)
Cat 2 (5–50)
Cat 3 (50–300)
Cat 4 (300–2000)
Cat 5 (2000–5000)

Fonte: RTECS VO0700000; Boyd & Hottenroth 1968 (1968). CAS 50-78-2.

I dati LD50/LC50 hanno valore puramente indicativo; non sostituiscono la scheda di dati di sicurezza (SDS) né la valutazione di un esperto tossicologo. Classificazione GHS per la via orale (mg/kg bw) secondo UN GHS, 10ª rev. 2023, Annex 1 §3.1.1.

Bibliography (Chicago)
  1. NIOSH. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). Cincinnati: NIOSH.
  2. United Nations. 2023. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)." 10th rev. ed. New York: UN.
  3. Hodge, Harold C., and James H. Sterner. 1949. "Tabulation of toxicity classes." American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly 10 (4): 93-96.
Ulteriori fonti (metodologia, non citate direttamente):
  • U.S. EPA. 2024. "ChemView." https://chemview.epa.gov/.
  • Lipnick, Robert L., et al. 1995. "Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures." Food and Chemical Toxicology 33 (3): 223-231.
  • ATSDR. 2024. "Toxicological Profiles." Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/.
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press.
  • Lewis, Richard J. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." 12th ed. Wiley.
  • IARC. 2024. "Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans." International Agency for Research on Cancer (classification criteria for carcinogenicity: IARC Group 1/2A/2B).
  • Pohanish, Richard P. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." 7th ed. Elsevier.
  • Bingham, Eula, Barbara Cohrssen, and Charles H. Powell, eds. 2012. "Patty's Toxicology." 6th ed. Wiley.
  • WHO. 2023. "Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard." World Health Organization (zgodne z UN GHS Annex 1 §3.1.1).
⚠️ Interakcje lekowe (4)

Znane interakcje farmakokinetyczne i farmakodynamiczne dla CAS 50-78-2 wg konsensusowych źródeł klinicznych. Niniejsze informacje są edukacyjne — nie zastępują konsultacji lekarskiej.

Skala evidence (Hansten & Horn)
A — randomized controlled trials · B — non-randomized clinical / PK studies · C — case reports · D — theoretical/mechanism-based
  • warfarin (CAS 81-81-2) — Safety Data Sheet
    PoważneEL: A
    CAS partnera: 81-81-2 · DrugBank DB00682 · PubChem 54678486 · ChEMBL · Papers: 10

    Mechanizm: Synergistyczne hamowanie hemostazy: aspiryna nieodwracalnie acetyluje COX-1 płytek (TXA2 ↓), warfaryna blokuje VKORC1 (czynniki II/VII/IX/X ↓). Aspiryna dodatkowo wypiera warfarynę z albuminy (efekt minimalny).

    Skutek kliniczny: Istotnie zwiększone ryzyko krwawienia z przewodu pokarmowego, wewnątrzczaszkowego i z innych miejsc.

    Postępowanie: Unikać łączenia chyba że jest wskazanie kardiologiczne. Monitorować INR; rozważyć IPP (omeprazol) jako gastroprotekcja; dawka aspiryny ≤ 100 mg/d.

    Źródło: Hansten & Horn 2024; Stockley 2021
  • Heparyna
    Poważne
    CAS partnera: 9005-49-6 · DrugBank DB01109

    Mechanizm: Aspiryna nieodwracalnie blokuje COX-1 płytek; heparyna potencjalizuje antytrombinę III → blok IIa/Xa. Addytywne ryzyko krwawienia.

    Skutek kliniczny: Ciężkie krwawienia, zwłaszcza GI i wewnątrzczaszkowe.

    Postępowanie: Łączenie standard w ACS/PCI; aspiryna 75–325 mg + heparyna IV; APTT 1.5–2× kontrolny. Krótki czas terapii.

    Źródło: AHA/ACC 2022; Stockley 2021
  • Ibuprofen
    UmiarkowaneEL: B
    CAS partnera: 15687-27-1 · DrugBank DB01050 · PubChem 3672 · Papers: 11

    Mechanizm: Ibuprofen kompetytywnie blokuje miejsce wiązania aspiryny w COX-1 płytkowej, znosząc nieodwracalną acetylację. Łączny efekt: addytywne uszkodzenie błony śluzowej żołądka (PGE2 ↓).

    Skutek kliniczny: Wzrost ryzyka wrzodów i krwawień z GI; zniesienie kardioprotekcyjnego działania niskodawkowej aspiryny.

    Postępowanie: Aspirynę przyjmować ≥ 30 min przed lub ≥ 8 h po ibuprofenie. Preferować paracetamol jako alternatywę przeciwbólową.

    Źródło: FDA 2006 alert; Stockley 2021
  • Klopidogrel
    UmiarkowaneEL: B
    CAS partnera: 113665-84-2 · DrugBank DB00758 · PubChem 60606

    Mechanizm: Klopidogrel blokuje receptor P2Y12 płytek; aspiryna acetyluje COX-1 → addytywne hamowanie agregacji.

    Skutek kliniczny: Zwiększone ryzyko krwawień (zwłaszcza GI, wewnątrzczaszkowe). DAPT (dual antiplatelet) standard po PCI/ACS, ale wymaga ostrożności.

    Postępowanie: DAPT 6–12 mies. po PCI; aspiryna 75–100 mg/d, klopidogrel 75 mg/d. IPP (pantoprazol) jako gastroprotekcja.

    Źródło: AHA/ACC 2022; FDA 2023
Bibliography (Chicago)
  • Hansten, Philip D., and John R. Horn. 2024. "The Top 100 Drug Interactions: A Guide to Patient Management." H&H Publications.
  • Stockley, Ivan H., ed. 2021. "Stockley's Drug Interactions." 12th ed. Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Indiana University. 2024. "P450 Drug Interaction Table." https://drug-interactions.medicine.iu.edu/.
  • Lexicomp. 2024. "Lexicomp Drug Interactions Database." Wolters Kluwer.
  • U.S. FDA. 2023. "Drug Development and Drug Interactions Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers." https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-interactions-labeling/drug-development-and-drug-interactions-table-substrates-inhibitors-and-inducers.
  • Goldfrank, Lewis R., et al. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies." 11th ed. McGraw-Hill (rozdz. Drug Interactions — synergie + antagonizmy w zatruciach mieszanych).
  • Olson, Kent R., et al. 2018. "Poisoning & Drug Overdose." 7th ed. McGraw-Hill (kliniczne management interakcji w przedawkowaniu).
  • Dollery, Colin, ed. 1999. "Therapeutic Drugs." 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone (monografia źródłowa o interakcjach lek-lek na poziomie farmakokinetyki).
  • Rosenstock, Linda, et al. 2005. "Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine." 2nd ed. Elsevier Saunders (occupational + drug exposure interakcje).
  • Lippmann, Morton. 2009. "Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects." 3rd ed. Wiley (modulacja CYP3A4/CYP2D6 przez ekspozycje środowiskowe).
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press (in vitro screening DDI: rola P-gp, BCRP).
📜 Brevetti (metadati pubblici) nessun dato

Attualmente non sono stati trovati metadati brevettuali pubblici per questa sostanza in Crossref / OpenAlex. I dati verranno aggiornati automaticamente dopo il prossimo aggiornamento della cache (24h).

📚 Riferimenti (Chicago Author-Date) — fare clic per espandere
  1. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
  2. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
  3. European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
  4. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  5. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  6. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  7. Meanwell, Nicholas A. 2011. "Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 54 (8): 2529-2591.
  8. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of Synthetic Accessibility Score of Drug-Like Molecules Based on Molecular Complexity and Fragment Contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  9. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  10. Allison, John R., and Mark A. Lemley. 1998. "Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents." AIPLA Quarterly Journal 26 (3): 185-275.
  11. Patani, George A., and Edmond J. LaVoie. 1996. "Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design." Chemical Reviews 96 (8): 3147-3176.
  12. Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/patents/50-78-2?status=active&limit=10

💎 Forme cristalline / Polimorfi 3 forme nel database
Form Gruppo spaziale Cella (Å, °) Densità (g/cm³) P.f. (°C) CCDC
Form I stable P21/c a=11.433 b=6.591 c=11.395 · α=90 β=95.62 γ=90 · Z=4 1.400 135.0 ACSALA01 DOI
Form II Pbca a=12.095 b=6.491 c=11.323 · α=90 β=90 γ=90 · Z=4 1.406 132.0 ACSALA13 DOI
Form IV (high-Z) P21/c a=18.676 b=6.581 c=11.395 · α=90 β=96.23 γ=90 · Z=8 1.409 134.0 ACSALA17 DOI

Fonte: Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) + letteratura primaria. Il polimorfismo influisce su solubilità, biodisponibilità e stabilità (Brittain 2009; Bernstein 2020).

📚 Riferimenti scientifici (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  2. Macrae, Clare F., Ioana Sovago, Simon J. Cottrell, et al. 2020. "Mercury 4.0: from visualization to analysis, design and prediction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 53 (1): 226-235. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576719014092.
  3. International Conference on Harmonisation. 2017. "ICH Q6A: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New Drug Substances and New Drug Products." Geneva: ICH. https://www.ich.org/page/quality-guidelines.
  4. Groom, Colin R., Ian J. Bruno, Matthew P. Lightfoot, and Suzanna C. Ward. 2016. "The Cambridge Structural Database." Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 72 (2): 171-179.
  5. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  6. Price, Sarah L. 2014. "Predicting crystal structures of organic compounds." Chemical Society Reviews 43 (7): 2098-2111. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60279F.
  7. Hann, Michael M. 2011. "Molecular Obesity, Potency and Other Addictions in Drug Discovery." MedChemComm 2 (5): 349-355.
  8. Yu, Lian. 2010. "Polymorphism in molecular solids: an extraordinary system of red, orange, and yellow crystals." Accounts of Chemical Research 43 (9): 1257-1266. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar100040r.
  9. Spek, Anthony L. 2009. "Structure validation in chemical crystallography." Acta Crystallographica D 65 (2): 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1107/S090744490804362X.
  10. Sheldrick, George M. 2008. "A short history of SHELX." Acta Crystallographica A 64 (1): 112-122. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108767307043930.
  11. Florence, Alastair J. 2008. "Approaches to high-throughput physical form screening and discovery." In Polymorphism: in the Pharmaceutical Industry, edited by Rolf Hilfiker, 139-184. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
  12. Leeson, Paul D., and Brian Springthorpe. 2007. "The Influence of Drug-Like Concepts on Decision-Making in Medicinal Chemistry." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 6 (11): 881-890.
  13. Bond, Andrew D., Roland Boese, and Gautam R. Desiraju. 2007. "On the polymorphism of aspirin: crystalline aspirin as intergrowths of two polymorphic domains." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46 (4): 618-622. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200603373.
  14. Hilfiker, Rolf, ed. 2006. Polymorphism in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
  15. Singhal, Dharmendra, and William Curatolo. 2004. "Drug Polymorphism and Dosage Form Design: A Practical Perspective." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 56 (3): 335-347.
  16. Datta, Sapan, and David J. W. Grant. 2004. "Crystal structures of drugs: advances in determination, prediction and engineering." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 3 (1): 42-57. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1280.
  17. Allen, Frank H. 2002. "The Cambridge Structural Database: a quarter of a million crystal structures and rising." Acta Crystallographica B 58 (3): 380-388. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768102003890.
  18. Bauer, Jeffery, Stephen Spanton, Rodger Henry, et al. 2001. "Ritonavir: an extraordinary example of conformational polymorphism." Pharmaceutical Research 18 (6): 859-866. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011052932607.
  19. Vippagunta, Sudha R., Harry G. Brittain, and David J. W. Grant. 2001. "Crystalline solids." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 48 (1): 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00097-7.
  20. Mullin, John W. 2001. Crystallization. 4th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  21. Chemburkar, Sanjay R., Jeffery Bauer, Klaus Deming, et al. 2000. "Dealing with the impact of ritonavir polymorphs on the late stages of bulk drug process development." Organic Process Research & Development 4 (5): 413-417. https://doi.org/10.1021/op000023y.
  22. Davey, Roger J., and John Garside. 2000. From Molecules to Crystallizers: An Introduction to Crystallization. Oxford Chemistry Primer 86. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  23. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2000. "Guidance for Industry — Q6A Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New Drug Substances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances." Silver Spring, MD: FDA. https://www.fda.gov/media/71361/download.
  24. Bernstein, Joel, and Anthony L. Henck. 1998. "Disappearing and Reappearing Polymorphs — An Anathema to Crystal Engineering?" Crystal Engineering 1 (2): 119-125.
  25. Threlfall, Terence L. 1995. "Analysis of organic polymorphs: a review." The Analyst 120 (10): 2435-2460. https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9952002435.
  26. Desiraju, Gautam R. 1995. "Supramolecular synthons in crystal engineering — a new organic synthesis." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 34 (21): 2311-2327. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.199523111.
  27. Bürgi, Hans-Beat, and Jack D. Dunitz, eds. 1994. Structure Correlation. 2 vols. Weinheim: VCH.
  28. Gavezzotti, Angelo. 1994. "Are crystal structures predictable?" Accounts of Chemical Research 27 (10): 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00046a004.
  29. Etter, Margaret C. 1990. "Encoding and decoding hydrogen-bond patterns of organic compounds." Accounts of Chemical Research 23 (4): 120-126. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00172a005.
  30. Burger, Artur, and Rudolf Ramberger. 1979. "On the polymorphism of pharmaceuticals and other molecular crystals. I. Theory of thermodynamic rules." Mikrochimica Acta 72 (3-4): 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01197379.
  31. Haleblian, John, and Walter McCrone. 1969. "Pharmaceutical applications of polymorphism." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 58 (8): 911-929. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600580802.
  32. McCrone, Walter C. 1965. "Polymorphism." In Physics and Chemistry of the Organic Solid State, edited by David Fox, Mortimer M. Labes, and Arnold Weissberger, vol. 2, 725-767. New York: Interscience.
  33. Ostwald, Wilhelm. 1897. "Studien über die Bildung und Umwandlung fester Körper." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 22: 289-330.
Dati da PubChemFonte: PubChem (NIH)
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📚 RIFERIMENTI (Bibliografia complessiva, Chicago Author-Date) 78 elementi

Tutte le fonti scientifiche citate negli accordion sopra per il CAS 50-78-2.Formato: Chicago Manual of Style 17ª ed., sistema Author-Date.

🗄️ Banche dati scientifiche

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 50-78-2. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=50-78-2.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 50-78-2. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 50-78-2. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=50-78-2.

📐 Standard / Linee guida

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 Libri

  1. O'Neil, Maryadele J., ed. 2013. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th ed.. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  3. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  4. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  5. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  6. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 Articoli scientifici (peer-reviewed)

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 Siti web

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
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Modello
Aspirin · 50-78-2
InChIKey
BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Licenza
CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Attribuzione
MolGod Scientific — Aspirin (CAS 50-78-2)
Scheda di licenza e provenienza
Aspirin (CAS 50-78-2) →
Scheda molecolare MolGod
Aspirin →
Dati di origine
PubChem CID 2244 ↗
Informazioni sul modello
STL generato da MolGod · MolGod STL Exporter build 97d4498f28a7 · generato il 2026-10-04
SHA-256 (STL)
8e60a12ba327a75bb4f06a4e69351522a45e9ff6165477862170e30e7be81945
MD5 (STL)
334d5082fcdd3303c0924d894c851736
MolGod Identification Number
MG_161-948-169-73
Trasformazione
Mesh a sfere e bastoncini MolGod Scientific
Modifiche
Convertito in una mesh molecolare triangolata; coordinate atomiche e connettività invariate.
Wikimedia Commons
non ancora pubblicato

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