2-Methoxyethanol CAS No 109-86 (CAS 109-86-4) — Xilong Scientific, CAS 109-86-4 — chemical product label

2-Methoxyethanol (CAS 109-86-4)

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2-Methoxyethanol CAS No 109-86. CAS 109-86-4.

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3D model 2-Methoxyethanol, CAS 109-86-4, molecular formula C3H8O2, molar mass 76.09 g/mol

Data transcribed from regulatory registers and technical literature, with the source and edition stated. It does not replace the supplier's safety data sheet. Fields without a recorded source are marked as such.

📊 Physicochemical data — CAS 109-86-4

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Chemical Overview: 2-Methoxyethanol
Molecular formulaC3H8O2
Molecular weight76.09 g/mol
LogP (lipophilicity)-0.8
IUPAC name2-methoxyethanol
SMILESCOCCO
InChIKeyXNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Synonyms: 2-METHOXYETHANOL · 109-86-4 · Methyl cellosolve · Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether · Ethanol, 2-methoxy-

Data sources: PubChem (NLM/NIH)
Last updated: 2026-09-02

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

[1]Europe PMC2025
Kinetic and Mechanism of the Photo-Oxidation of 2-Methoxyethanol with Chlorine Atoms in the Troposphere.
et al.. (2025). "Kinetic and Mechanism of the Photo-Oxidation of 2-Methoxyethanol with Chlorine Atoms in the Troposphere.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5c04720
Go to full study ↗
[2]Doaj2024
Antioxidant protective effect of Nelumbo nucifera extract against spermatogenic cells in male mice due to 2-methoxyethanol exposure
Badriatul Musyarofah, Putri Ayu Ika Setiyowati, Angella Ananda Syaputra et al.. (2024). "Antioxidant protective effect of Nelumbo nucifera extract against spermatogenic cells in male mice due to 2-met
Go to full study ↗
[3]Doaj2023
Bioactivity of Nelumbo nucifera extract on sperm recovery due to 2-methoxyethanol exposure: In vivo and in silico study
Angella Ananda Syaputra, Putri Ayu Ika Setiyowati, Badriatul Musyarofah et al.. (2023). "Bioactivity of Nelumbo nucifera extract on sperm recovery due to 2-methoxyethanol exposure: In vivo and in sili
Go to full study ↗
[4]PubMed2022
Genotoxicity study of 2-methoxyethanol and benzalkonium chloride through Comet assay using 3D cultured HepG2 cells.
Lim C, Shin K, Seo D. (2022). "Genotoxicity study of 2-methoxyethanol and benzalkonium chloride through Comet assay using 3D cultured HepG2 cells.". Environmental analysis, health and toxicology. http
Go to full study ↗
[5]Europe PMC2020
Hepatic oxidative stress, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic and oncogenic markers following 2-methoxyethanol administrations in rats.
et al.. (2020). "Hepatic oxidative stress, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic and oncogenic markers following 2-methoxyethanol administrations in rats.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
Go to full study ↗
[6]Europe PMC2019
Thermochemistry and Kinetics of the Thermal Degradation of 2-Methoxyethanol as Possible Biofuel Additives.
et al.. (2019). "Thermochemistry and Kinetics of the Thermal Degradation of 2-Methoxyethanol as Possible Biofuel Additives.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40890-2
Go to full study ↗
[7]Europe PMC2019
Computational Studies on the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters of Oxidation of 2-Methoxyethanol Biofuel via H-Atom Abstraction by Methyl…
et al.. (2019). "Computational Studies on the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters of Oxidation of 2-Methoxyethanol Biofuel via H-Atom Abstraction by Methyl Radical.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-0
Go to full study ↗
[8]Europe PMC2019
The signal transduction of xanthone as a protector on 2-methoxyethanol-induced cardiac cell damage in mice.
(2019). "The signal transduction of xanthone as a protector on 2-methoxyethanol-induced cardiac cell damage in mice.". https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_57_19
Go to full study ↗
📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date) 19 refs · 4 baz

MOLECULE Per-CAS bibliography (live from 13+ databases)

Sources: db:Europe PMC (14) · db:doaj (2) · db:pubmed (2) · db:crossref (1)

  1. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "Kinetic and Mechanism of the Photo-Oxidation of 2-Methoxyethanol with Chlorine Atoms in the Troposphere.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5c04720 →
  2. db:doaj Badriatul Musyarofah, Putri Ayu Ika Setiyowati, Angella Ananda Syaputra et al.. (2024). "Antioxidant protective effect of Nelumbo nucifera extract against spermatogenic cells in male mice due to 2-methoxyethanol exposure". Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium. https://doi.org/10.29238/teknolabjournal.v13i1.466 →
  3. db:doaj Angella Ananda Syaputra, Putri Ayu Ika Setiyowati, Badriatul Musyarofah et al.. (2023). "Bioactivity of Nelumbo nucifera extract on sperm recovery due to 2-methoxyethanol exposure: In vivo and in silico study". Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium. https://doi.org/10.29238/teknolabjournal.v12i2.450 →
  4. db:pubmed Lim C, Shin K, Seo D. (2022). "Genotoxicity study of 2-methoxyethanol and benzalkonium chloride through Comet assay using 3D cultured HepG2 cells.". Environmental analysis, health and toxicology. https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2022031 →
  5. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2020). "Hepatic oxidative stress, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic and oncogenic markers following 2-methoxyethanol administrations in rats.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100806 →
  6. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2019). "Thermochemistry and Kinetics of the Thermal Degradation of 2-Methoxyethanol as Possible Biofuel Additives.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40890-2 →
  7. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2019). "Computational Studies on the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters of Oxidation of 2-Methoxyethanol Biofuel via H-Atom Abstraction by Methyl Radical.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51544-8 →
  8. db:Europe PMC (2019). "The signal transduction of xanthone as a protector on 2-methoxyethanol-induced cardiac cell damage in mice.". https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_57_19 →
  9. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2018). "Aggregation prevention: reduction of graphene oxide in mixed medium of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (7) ether and 2-methoxyethanol.". https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07263a →
  10. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2015). "Testicular effect of a mixture of 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol in rats.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.011 →
  11. db:crossref Arturo Bejarano, Juan C. de la Fuente. (2015). "Isobaric (vapor + liquid) equilibria for the binary systems (1-methoxy-2-propanol + 2-methoxyethanol), (2-butanone + 2-methoxyethanol) and (water + 2-methoxyethanol) at pressures of (74.5, 101.3, and 134.0) kPa". The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2015.03.013 →
  12. db:Europe PMC (2014). "Existence of vimentin and GFAP protein expressions as a result of 2-Methoxyethanol administration in cerebral cortex tissue of Swiss Webster mice (Mus musculus): an immunohistochemical analysis.". https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2014.876.883 →
  13. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2009). "Testicular gene expression profiling following 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol exposure in male rats reveals abnormal expression of the actin binding protein cortactin in degenerating spermatocytes.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.07.017 →
  14. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2004). "Evaluation of the protective effectiveness of gloves from occupational exposure to 2-methoxyethanol using the biomarkers of 2-methoxyacetic acid levels in the urine and plasma.". https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2003.011171 →
  15. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2003). "Follow up study of haematological effects in workers exposed to 2-methoxyethanol.". https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.2.130 →
  16. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2001). "2-Methoxyethanol metabolism, embryonic distribution, and macromolecular adduct formation in the rat: the effect of radiofrequency radiation-induced hyperthermia.". https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00346-0 →
  17. db:Europe PMC et al.. (1995). "Species differences in testicular and hepatic biotransformation of 2-methoxyethanol.". https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(94)02921-g →
  18. db:Europe PMC (1993). "NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of Ethylene Glycol Ethers: 2-Methoxyethanol, 2-Ethoxyethanol, 2-Butoxyethanol (CAS Nos. 109-86-4, 110-80-5, 111-76-2) Administered in Drinking Water to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice.".
  19. db:pubmed Dieter M. (1993). "NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of Ethylene Glycol Ethers: 2-Methoxyethanol, 2-Ethoxyethanol, 2-Butoxyethanol (CAS Nos. 109-86-4, 110-80-5, 111-76-2) Administered in Drinking Water to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice.". Toxicity report series.
Regulatory status of the substance
This substance is subject to regulatory requirements: hazardous waste management (BDO register). Details in the \"Regulatory Status (REACH/ECHA/CLP)\" section and on the SDS. Regulatory information — does not restrict purchase in this store.
🧮 Stoichiometry Calculator
🧪 Chemical Data
CAS Number
109-86-4
Molecular formula
C3H8O2
Molar mass
76.09 g/mol
IUPAC name (EN)
2-methoxyethanol
SMILES
COCCO
InChIKey
XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📚 Related literature (20 matched automatically)

Matched automatically from public bibliographic databases by text similarity. Not curated for this substance, and not part of the safety data sheet.

Badriatul Musyarofah, Putri Ayu Ika Setiyowati, Angella Ananda Syaputra et al. · (2024) · Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium
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📡 Data sources

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical properties
Temp. wrzenia
124.4
Density
0.965

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: 2026-09-02

🔍 External identifiers
15 of 16 ID systems94%
DatabaseIdentifierActions
CAS Registry Number109-86-4Open →
PubChem CID8019[1]Open →
InChIKeyXNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]Open →
InChIInChI=1S/C3H8O2/c1-5-3-2-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3[1]
SMILESCOCCO[1]
EC Number203-713-7[2]Open →
ChEMBLCHEMBL444144[3]Open →
DrugBankDB02806Open →
KEGG CompoundD05554Open →
HMDBHMDB0245203Open →
ChemSpider7728[4]Open →
MeSH UID (NLM)C005219Open →
UNII (FDA)EK1L6XWI56Open →
NSC Number (NCI)1258Open →
WikiData QIDQ903362Open →

Sources: PubChem (NIH), Wikidata SPARQL, KEGG, ChEMBL (EBI), CompTox CTX (EPA).

📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date) (4 sources)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ dotyczy: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ dotyczy: EC Number
  3. ChEMBL. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), bioactivity database. ↗ dotyczy: ChEMBL
  4. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ dotyczy: ChemSpider

Dalsza literatura

Publications topically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value given on this card.

Extended Bibliography (4)

  1. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Anonymous. "2-Methoxyethanol.". https://doi.org/10.31003/uspnf_xr1428_01_01. link [accessed: 2026-09-02] CC0 (metadata)
  2. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Anonymous. "Specification for 2-Methoxyethanol.". https://doi.org/10.1520/d3128-97. link [accessed: 2026-09-02] CC0 (metadata)
  3. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Anonymous. "Specification for 2-Methoxyethanol.". https://doi.org/10.1520/d3128-07. link [accessed: 2026-09-02] CC0 (metadata)
  4. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Anonymous. "Specification for 2-Methoxyethanol.". https://doi.org/10.1520/d3128-07r21. link [accessed: 2026-09-02] CC0 (metadata)
📡 Spectroscopy — CAS 109-86-4
📊 Spectroscopic spectra databases — inline data 9 sources

Spectra are fetched on demand from 9 sources. Each spectrum is stored in our database — the next time it is opened there are zero requests to the external API. Download JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG for every spectrum without searching.

IR IR (Infrared) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
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— points
📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
MS (NIST) Mass Spectrum (EI) — NIST WebBook
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📚 NIST Standard Reference Database 1A
UV-Vis UV/Visible Absorption — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
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📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
¹H NMR NMR (¹H, ¹³C) — NMRShiftDB
CC-BY-SA 4.0
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📚 Steinbeck C et al. (2003) J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 43(1):10–16 DOI: 10.1021/ci025588g
MS (MoNA) MoNA — MassBank of North America
CC-BY 4.0
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📚 MassBank of North America (UC Davis) DOI: 10.1002/jms.1777
IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) SDBS — Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (Japan AIST)
Free for non-commercial

Reference source — no public API. Open in an external database:

🔗 IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) →
📚 SDBSWeb: https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp (AIST, Japan)
JP Monograph Japanese Pharmacopoeia — Monographs
Reference only

Reference source — no public API. Open in an external database:

🔗 JP Monograph →
📚 Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th Edition (2021)
WHO INN WHO — International Nonproprietary Names
WHO Model Lists (free)

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📚 WHO INN Programme
DOAJ DOAJ — Directory of Open Access Journals
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📚 DOAJ — doaj.org

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❓ Frequently asked questions (3)
What is 109-86-4?
109-86-4 (CAS 109-86-4) is a chemical compound. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
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What is the CAS number of 109-86-4?
The CAS number for 109-86-4 is 109-86-4. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
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How should 109-86-4 be stored?
109-86-4 should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
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Download structure files

Molecular structure files from the PubChem database (NIH). Compatible with Avogadro, PyMOL, Jmol, and ChemDraw.

Source: PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH). CID: 8019

🔄 Concentration unit converter LIVE

Enter the 2-Methoxyethanol concentration in any unit — the rest will be calculated automatically.

MW: 76.09 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ Conversion formulas + citations (per formula)
ConversionFormulaAccuracySource
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 Bibliography (8 authoritative sources)
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
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Scientific explanations

Automatically generated explanations based on molecular properties and GHS hazard labeling. Source: PubChem data + CLP/GHS classification.

Czasteczka umiarkowanie polarna

LogP = -0.80 wskazuje na rownowage miedzy hydrofilowoscia a lipofilowoscia. Czasteczka moze rozpuszczac sie zarowno w wodzie, jak i w niektorych rozpuszczalnikach organicznych.

Interpretacja na podstawie XLogP3 (PubChem)
Mala czasteczka

Masa molowa 76.09 g/mol klasyfikuje ten zwiazek jako mala czasteczke. Male czasteczki czesto sa lotne, latwiej penetruja bariery biologiczne i moga wykazywac wyzsze cisnienie pary.

Klasyfikacja wg masy molowej
Ciecz latwopalna

Temperatura zaplonu w zakresie 23-60 deg.C. Pary moga tworzyc mieszaniny wybuchowe z powietrzem w podwyzszonej temperaturze.

Klasyfikacja GHS/CLP, kod H226
Substancja szkodliwa dla rozrodczosci

Czasteczka moze zaburzac procesy rozrodcze: plodnosc, rozwoj plodu lub potomstwa. Mechanizmy: interferencja hormonalna, uszkodzenie DNA gamet, teratogennosc.

Klasyfikacja GHS/CLP, kod H360
Substancja szkodliwa po polknieciu

LD50 doustne 200-2000 mg/kg. Umiarkowana toksycznosc — czasteczka moze wywolywac efekty toksyczne przy wyzszych dawkach.

Klasyfikacja GHS/CLP, kod H302
🧪 Solution Preparation Wizard WIZARD
① Select concentration
② Target volume
③ Solvent

Calculations per: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

Computational chemistry

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🛡️ Safety — CAS 109-86-4
Data limitations notice. The safety information on this page is for reference only and does not replace a full safety data sheet (SDS). Before using the product, consult the manufacturer's current safety data sheet and the GHS/CLP guidance. The CLP classification applies to the pure bulk substance, not to commercial formulations.

GHS/CLP classification — Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).

⚠️ Danger
GHS02 — Flammable
GHS02 Flammable
GHS07 — Irritant / harmful
GHS07 Irritant / harmful
GHS08 — Health hazard
GHS08 Health hazard

🚨 Hazard statements (H)

  • H226 — Flammable liquid and vapour
  • H360FD — May damage fertility. May damage the unborn child
  • H332 — Harmful if inhaled
  • H312 — Harmful in contact with skin
  • H302 — Harmful if swallowed

🛡 Precautionary statements (P)

  • P203 — Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use

✓ Harmonised classification pursuant to Annex VI of the CLP Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 (official, binding classification). Index number: 603-011-00-4.

Reference (Chicago): European Chemicals Agency. "2-methoxyethanol; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Index No. 603-011-00-4." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

Translations: CLP Regulation (EC) 1272/2008, Annexes III and IV. Data: PubChem/NLM.

📚 Consolidated scientific references — Chicago Author-Date 10 sources

References collected from all Safety Hub tabs. CAS: 109-86-4 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Rozporządzenie (WE) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Regulations
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Pierwsza pomoc, Toksykologia
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Pierwsza pomoc, PPE, Toksykologia
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] PPE
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Utylizacja, Regulacje
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Magazynowanie
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Magazynowanie
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. [↗] Utylizacja
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Toksykologia

Tabs with their own references (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) contain additional bibliographic entries within their respective sections.

📈 Analytical statistics (t-test · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

Paste a series of replicate measurements (CSV, or one number per line). The calculator computes the mean, standard deviation and 95% CI, and detects outliers (Grubbs + Dixon Q).

Separator: comma, space, tab, new line. Minimum 3 measurements.
📐 Statistical formulas
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — arithmetic mean
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — sample variance
  • s = √s² — standard deviation
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — relative standard deviation
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs' test
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

Source: ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 Buffer Recipe Calculator UNIQUE
References: pKa values from Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

Choose a buffer from the list of 20 popular systems → enter the target pH → get an exact recipe with the masses to weigh out.

Step 1: Choose a buffer system

📜 Recipe history (last 10)
Pharmacological Status

Prekliniczny

Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Approved

Preclinical — no human study data.

ChEMBL CHEMBL444144 ↗

📅 Project Planner — Lab Experiment Manager NEW

Plan your entire laboratory project: add experiments with reagents, replicates, and duration. You'll get a Gantt chart, a shopping list (with links to the store!), a budget with a 10% margin, and a GHS risk matrix.

🧪 Solubility and solvent compatibility
Molecule
2-Methoxyethanol
Formula
C3H8O2
logP (XLogP3)
-0.80
Mass (g/mol)
76.09
Polarity
Hydrophilic (polar)

⚠️ GC estimate (Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen). No literature HSP data for this CAS — precision ±2 MPa½. Verify experimentally.

Solvent compatibility table not available for this substance.
The Hansen parameters fall outside the range of the method, so the distance Ra cannot be calculated, and the database holds no solubility measurement to put in its place. Rather than eleven ratings with nothing behind them, we show none. Base the solvent choice on the safety data sheet and on experimental data.
📚 Scientific references for solvents (Chicago Author-Date) — click to expand

11 solwentów · 54 pełnych citations (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — poniżej.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia obwodowa (n-Heksan NIE jest kancerogenem IARC)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
Solubility theory (applied in compatibility prediction):
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP triplet (dD, dP, dH) + Ra formula.
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solwatochromia.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution dla dD/dP/dH z SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — Complete tabular set of 250+ solvents (ε, μ, donicity, acceptor numbers).
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 109-86-4 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Full bibliography in the REFERENCES accordion (at the bottom of the page) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

⚗️ Check reaction compatibility

Check whether 2-Methoxyethanol is compatible with another reagent

📦 Storage compatibility matrix
Acids Bases Oxidizers Flammable Toxic Gazy
Acids ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Bases ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
Oxidizers ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Flammable ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
Toxic ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ Can be stored together · ⚠ Caution · ✗ Do NOT store together · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

Compatibility data from: Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 Laboratory calculators (8)
Dilution (C₁V₁=C₂V₂)
Molarity (M=n/V)
pH Buffer (Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Beer-Lambert (A=εcl)
Mass → Moles
Concentration % → M
ppm → mg/L
Temperature C↔F↔K

Verified formulas: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 Spectroscopic Databases
📋 Laboratory protocol generator

Protocol generated based on: GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ Label generator (QR)
2-Methoxyethanol• 2-METHOXYETHANOL• IUPAC: 2-methoxyethanol• CAS: 109-86-4• Formula: C3H8O2• Mass: 76.09 g/molDANGERGHS HAZARD STATEMENTS:H226 H360FD H332 H312 H302P301+P317 P302+P352 P303+P361+P353 P304+P340 P305+P351+P338 P308+P316 P332+P317P337+P317 P362+P364 P370+P378 P316 P317 P318 P319 P321 P330 P280 P501 P403+P235P403+P233 P405 P203 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P260 P261 P264 P264+P265 P...Nonsensia Ltd124-128 City Road, EC1V 2NX Londonpure@molgod.orgmolgod.orgBatch No.: Netto Mass:
🧪 Solution preparation assistant (Smart Prep)

Enter what you want to prepare — I'll generate an SOP

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📚 Scientific literature overview — CAS 109-86-4
⭐ Key findings (scientific literature) 18 publications
🏆 CAS 109-86-4 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% citations · 20% recency · 20% topic · 15% historical · 15% open access.
  1. #1
    et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports
    Why it matters: Open access
    SCORE 10.06 Mechanism Citations: 7 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  2. #2
    et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports
    Why it matters: Open access
    SCORE 9.79 Mechanism Citations: 11 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  3. #3
    et al. (2018) · RSC Advances
    Why it matters: Open access
    SCORE 9.69 Industrial Citations: 13 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  4. #4
    et al. (2020) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports
    Why it matters: Open access
    SCORE 9.49 Industrial Citations: 13 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  5. #5
    Lim C, Shin K, Seo D (2022) · Environmental analysis, health and toxicology
    Why it matters: Open access
    SCORE 8.75 Analytics Citations: 4 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  6. #6
    Badriatul Musyarofah, Putri Ayu Ika Setiyowati, Angella Ananda Syaputra et al. (2024) · Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium
    Why it matters: Recent (2024) · open access
    SCORE 8.06 Mechanism Citations: 3 Open Access DOI ↗
  7. #7
    et al. (2003) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine
    Why it matters: Open access
    SCORE 6.89 Mechanism Citations: 18 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  8. #8
    et al. (2025) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A
    Why it matters: Recent (2025)
    SCORE 6.4 Mechanism DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  9. #9
    Angella Ananda Syaputra, Putri Ayu Ika Setiyowati, Badriatul Musyarofah et al. (2023) · Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium
    Why it matters: Recent (2023) · open access
    SCORE 6.15 Mechanism Open Access DOI ↗
  10. #10
    SriAgus Sudjarwo; Ernawati; Reny I'tishom (2019) · Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research
    Why it matters: Open access
    SCORE 5.85 Mechanism Citations: 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  11. #11
    et al. (2015) · Pharmacological Reports
    Why it matters: Open access
    SCORE 5.85 Mechanism Citations: 4 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  12. #12
    et al. (2004) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine
    Why it matters: Open access
    SCORE 5.11 Mechanism Citations: 8 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  13. #13
    Yulia Irnidayant (2014) · Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
    Why it matters: Open access
    SCORE 4.88 Mechanism Citations: 2 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  14. #14
    et al. (1995) · Toxicology
    Why it matters: Selected by multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 3.61 Pharmacology Citations: 15 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  15. #15
    Arturo Bejarano, Juan C. de la Fuente (2015) · The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
    Why it matters: Selected by multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 3.6 Mechanism Citations: 4 DOI ↗
  16. #16
    (1993)
    Why it matters: Selected by multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 3.34 Pharmacology Citations: 6 PubMed ↗
  17. #17
    et al. (2001) · Toxicology Letters
    Why it matters: Selected by multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 3.34 Pharmacology Citations: 6 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  18. #18
    et al. (2009) · Toxicology Letters
    Why it matters: Selected by multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 2.9 Mechanism Citations: 4 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗

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2-Methoxyethanol CAS No 109-86 — CAS 109-86-4. Listed by Xilong Scientific. Prepared from the supplier’s public catalogue; not verified against their internal data.

📄 Certificates of Analysis (CoA) CAS 109-86-4 none

No certificates for this product in the database.

📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date) — click to expand

Batch management and laboratory certification standards — 13 independent sources (ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG).

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [link ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [link ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [link ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [link ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [link ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [link ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [link ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [link ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [link ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [link ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [link ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [link ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📜 Patents (public metadata) no data

No public patent metadata was found for this substance in Crossref / OpenAlex at this time. Data will be updated automatically after the next cache refresh (24h).

📚 References (Chicago Author-Date) — click to expand
  1. et al.. (2025). "Kinetic and Mechanism of the Photo-Oxidation of 2-Methoxyethanol with Chlorine Atoms in the Troposphere.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5c04720
  2. Badriatul Musyarofah, Putri Ayu Ika Setiyowati, Angella Ananda Syaputra et al.. (2024). "Antioxidant protective effect of Nelumbo nucifera extract against spermatogenic cells in male mice due to 2-methoxyethanol exposure". Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium. https://doi.org/10.29238/teknolabjournal.v13i1.466
  3. Angella Ananda Syaputra, Putri Ayu Ika Setiyowati, Badriatul Musyarofah et al.. (2023). "Bioactivity of Nelumbo nucifera extract on sperm recovery due to 2-methoxyethanol exposure: In vivo and in silico study". Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium. https://doi.org/10.29238/teknolabjournal.v12i2.450
  4. Lim C, Shin K, Seo D. (2022). "Genotoxicity study of 2-methoxyethanol and benzalkonium chloride through Comet assay using 3D cultured HepG2 cells.". Environmental analysis, health and toxicology. https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2022031
  5. et al.. (2020). "Hepatic oxidative stress, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic and oncogenic markers following 2-methoxyethanol administrations in rats.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100806
  6. et al.. (2019). "Thermochemistry and Kinetics of the Thermal Degradation of 2-Methoxyethanol as Possible Biofuel Additives.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40890-2
  7. et al.. (2019). "Computational Studies on the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters of Oxidation of 2-Methoxyethanol Biofuel via H-Atom Abstraction by Methyl Radical.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51544-8
  8. (2019). "The signal transduction of xanthone as a protector on 2-methoxyethanol-induced cardiac cell damage in mice.". https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_57_19
  9. et al.. (2018). "Aggregation prevention: reduction of graphene oxide in mixed medium of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (7) ether and 2-methoxyethanol.". https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07263a
  10. et al.. (2015). "Testicular effect of a mixture of 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol in rats.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.011
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📚 REFERENCES (Aggregate bibliography, Chicago Author-Date) 78 items

All scientific sources cited in the accordions above for CAS 109-86-4. Format: Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date system.

🗄️ Scientific databases

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 109-86-4. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=109-86-4.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 109-86-4. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 109-86-4. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=109-86-4.

📐 Standards / Guidelines

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 Books

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  3. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  4. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 Scientific articles (peer-reviewed)

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

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  9. ECHA — Zalacznik VI do CLP (klasyfikacja zharmonizowana, ATP 23; 2026-07-07) https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.
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